IJCB B

107 papers

YearTitle / Authors
2023(Un)fair Exposure in Deep Face Rankings at a Distance.
Andrea Atzori, Gianni Fenu, Mirko Marras
2023A Dual Domain Attention Mechanism for Face Forgery Detection.
Yucong Suo, Xiaohan Zhao, Yuanfang Guo, Yangxi Li, Yunhong Wang
2023A Large-Scale Re-identification Analysis in Sporting Scenarios: the Betrayal of Reaching a Critical Point.
David Freire-Obregón, Javier Lorenzo-Navarro, Oliverio J. Santana, Daniel Hernández-Sosa, Modesto Castrillón Santana
2023A Multi-Stage Adaptive Feature Fusion Neural Network for Multimodal Gait Recognition.
Shinan Zou, Jianbo Xiong, Chao Fan, Shiqi Yu, Jin Tang
2023A Universal Anti-Spoofing Approach for Contactless Fingerprint Biometric Systems.
Banafsheh Adami, Sara Tehranipoor, Nasser Nasrabadi, Nima Karimian
2023AG-ReID 2023: Aerial-Ground Person Re-identification Challenge Results.
Kien Nguyen, Clinton Fookes, Sridha Sridharan, Feng Liu, Xiaoming Liu, Arun Ross, Dana Michalski, Huy Nguyen, Debayan Deb, Mahak Kothari, Manisha Saini, Dawei Du, Scott McCloskey, Gabriel Bertocco, Fernanda A. Andaló, Terrance E. Boult, Anderson Rocha, Haidong Zhu, Zhaoheng Zheng, Ram Nevatia, Zaigham A. Randhawa, Sinan Sabri, Gianfranco Doretto
2023ATDetect: Face Detection and Keypoint Extraction at Range and Altitude.
Chun Pong Lau, Maitreya Suin, Rama Chellappa
2023Adapt-FuseNet: Context-aware Multimodal Adaptive Fusion of Face and Gait Features using Attention Techniques for Human Identification.
Ashwin Prakash, Thejaswin S, Athira M. Nambiar, Alexandre Bernardino
2023Adaptive Adversarial Patch Attack on Face Recognition Models.
Bei Yan, Jie Zhang, Zheng Yuan, Shiguang Shan
2023AdvGen: Physical Adversarial Attack on Face Presentation Attack Detection Systems.
Sai Amrit Patnaik, Shivali Chansoriya, Anoop M. Namboodiri, Anil K. Jain
2023Age-constrained Ear Recognition: The EICZA Dataset and SASE Baseline Model.
Wenda Qin, Lauren P. Etter, Alinani Simukanga, Christopher J. Gill, Margrit Betke
2023All about that BASE: Modeling Biometric Authentication Systems and their Evaluations to enable a more efficient Exchange of Research Results.
Eric Klieme, Christoph Meinel
2023Analysis of fNIRS as a Biometric Modality.
Bhuvan Chennoju, Keerti Bajaj, Mostafizur Rahman, Reza Derakhshani
2023Analyzing Bias in Diffusion-based Face Generation Models.
Malsha V. Perera, Vishal M. Patel
2023Approximating Optimal Morphing Attacks using Template Inversion.
Laurent Colbois, Hatef Otroshi-Shahreza, Sébastien Marcel
2023Assessing the Privacy Risk of Cross-Platform Identity Linkage using Eye Movement Biometrics.
Samantha Aziz, Oleg Komogortsev
2023BehaveFormer: A Framework with Spatio-Temporal Dual Attention Transformers for IMU-enhanced Keystroke Dynamics.
Dilshan Senarath, Sanuja Tharinda, Maduka Vishvajith, Sanka Rasnayaka, Sandareka Wickramanayake, Dulani Meedeniya
2023Benchmark Dataset Dynamics, Bias and Privacy Challenges in Voice Biometrics Research.
Casandra Rusti, Anna Leschanowsky, Carolyn Quinlan, Michaela Pnacekova, Lauriane Gorce, Wiebke Toussaint Hutiri
2023Bridging the Gap: Heterogeneous Face Recognition with Conditional Adaptive Instance Modulation.
Anjith George, Sébastien Marcel
2023CCFace: Classification Consistency for Low-Resolution Face Recognition.
Mohammad Saeed Ebrahimi Saadabadi, Sahar Rahimi Malakshan, Hossein Kashiani, Nasser M. Nasrabadi
2023COLFIPAD: A Presentation Attack Detection Benchmark for Contactless Fingerprint Recognition.
Jannis Priesnitz, Jascha Kolberg, Meiling Fang, Akhila Madhu, Christian Rathgeb, Naser Damer, Christoph Busch
2023Can personalised hygienic masks be used to attack face recognition systems?
Alain Komaty, Vedrana Krivokuca Hahn, Christophe Ecabert, Sébastien Marcel
2023CarVer: Setting the Standard for Face Verification with Caricatures.
Sara R. Davis, Bryson Lingenfelter, Kevin McElhinney, Shamik Sengupta, Emily M. Hand
2023Challenges in Off-angle to Frontal Iris Image Conversion using Pix2Pix Generative Adversarial Networks.
Jitendra Sai Kota, Mahmut Karakaya
2023CoNAN: Conditional Neural Aggregation Network For Unconstrained Face Feature Fusion.
Bhavin Jawade, Deen Dayal Mohan, Dennis Fedorishin, Srirangaraj Setlur, Venu Govindaraju
2023DFGC-VRA: DeepFake Game Competition on Visual Realism Assessment.
Bo Peng, Xianyun Sun, Caiyong Wang, Wei Wang, Jing Dong, Zhenan Sun, Rongyu Zhang, Heng Cong, Lingzhi Fu, Hao Wang, Yusheng Zhang, Hanyuan Zhang, Xin Zhang, Boyuan Liu, Hefei Ling, Luka Dragar, Borut Batagelj, Peter Peer, Vitomir Struc, Xinghui Zhou, Kunlin Liu, Weitao Feng, Weiming Zhang, Haitao Wang, Wenxiu Diao
2023DFP-Net: An explainable and trustworthy framework for detecting deepfakes using interpretable prototypes.
Fatima Khalid, Ali Javed, Khalid Mahmood Malik, Aun Irtaza
2023DOERS: Distant Observation Enhancement and Recognition System.
Dawei Du, Cole Hill, Gabriel Bertocco, Maurício Pamplona Segundo, Wes Robbins, Brandon RichardWebster, Roderic Collins, Sudeep Sarkar, Terrance E. Boult, Scott McCloskey
2023De-identifying Face Image Datasets While Retaining Facial Expressions.
Andreas Leibl, Andreas Meißner, Stefan Altmann, Andreas Attenberger, Helmut Mayer
2023Deep Boosting Multi-Modal Ensemble Face Recognition with Sample-Level Weighting.
Sahar Rahimi Malakshan, Mohammad Saeed Ebrahimi Saadabadi, Nima Najafzadeh, Nasser M. Nasrabadi
2023Depth-guided Robust Face Morphing Attack Detection.
Harsh Rachalwar, Meiling Fang, Naser Damer, Abhijit Das
2023Detecting Morphing Attacks via Continual Incremental Training.
Lorenzo Pellegrini, Guido Borghi, Annalisa Franco, Davide Maltoni
2023DifFIQA: Face Image Quality Assessment Using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models.
Ziga Babnik, Peter Peer, Vitomir Struc
2023EFaR 2023: Efficient Face Recognition Competition.
Jan Niklas Kolf, Fadi Boutros, Jurek Elliesen, Markus Theuerkauf, Naser Damer, Mohamad Alansari, Oussama Abdul Hay, Sara Alansari, Sajid Javed, Naoufel Werghi, Klemen Grm, Vitomir Struc, Fernando Alonso-Fernandez, Kevin Hernandez-Diaz, Josef Bigün, Anjith George, Christophe Ecabert, Hatef Otroshi-Shahreza, Ketan Kotwal, Sébastien Marcel, Iurii Medvedev, Bo Jin, Diogo Nunes, Ahmad Hassanpour, Pankaj Khatiwada, Aafan Ahmad Toor, Bian Yang
2023Enhancing 3D-Air Signature by Pen Tip Tail Trajectory Awareness: Dataset and Featuring by Novel Spatio-temporal CNN.
Saurabh Atreya, Maheswar Bora, Aritra Mukherjee, Abhijit Das
2023ExFaceGAN: Exploring Identity Directions in GAN's Learned Latent Space for Synthetic Identity Generation.
Fadi Boutros, Marcel Klemt, Meiling Fang, Arjan Kuijper, Naser Damer
2023Explaining Face Recognition Through SHAP-Based Pixel-Level Face Image Quality Assessment.
Clara Biagi, Louis Rethfeld, Arjan Kuijper, Philipp Terhörst
2023Explaining, Analyzing, and Probing Representations of Self-Supervised Learning Models for Sensor-based Human Activity Recognition.
Bulat Khaertdinov, Stylianos Asteriadis
2023FedSIS: Federated Split Learning with Intermediate Representation Sampling for Privacy-preserving Generalized Face Presentation Attack Detection.
Naif Alkhunaizi, Koushik Srivatsan, Faris Almalik, Ibrahim Almakky, Karthik Nandakumar
2023FingerSTR: Weak Supervised Transformer for Latent Fingerprint Segmentation.
Zexi Jia, Zheng Wang, Song Wu, Hongyan Fei, Chuanwei Huang, Jufu Feng
2023Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection with Supervised Contrastive Learning.
Chuanwei Huang, Hongyan Fei, Song Wu, Zheng Wang, Zexi Jia, Jufu Feng
2023Gait Recognition with Mask-based Regularization.
Chuanfu Shen, Beibei Lin, Shunli Zhang, Xin Yu, George Q. Huang, Shiqi Yu
2023GaitMorph: Transforming Gait by Optimally Transporting Discrete Codes.
Adrian Cosma, Ion Emilian Radoi
2023GaitRef: Gait Recognition with Refined Sequential Skeletons.
Haidong Zhu, Wanrong Zheng, Zhaoheng Zheng, Ram Nevatia
2023HBRC-500: A Long Range Recognition Benchmark Dataset using Face and Whole-body Imagery.
Cedric Nimpa Fondje, Kshitij Nikhal, John Brennan Peace, Ryan Karl, Mun Wai Lee, Phillip Berkowitz, Katrina Gramzinski, Bridget Kennedy, Nkirukaegbunam Uzuegbunam, Victoria Ou, Tyler Barret, Oliver Arend, Wei Ming, Svetlana Semenova, Benjamin S. Riggan
2023HEBI: Homomorphically Encrypted Biometric Indexing.
Pia Bauspieß, Marcel Grimmer, Cecilie Fougner, Damien Le Vasseur, Thomas Thaulow Stöcklin, Christian Rathgeb, Jascha Kolberg, Anamaria Costache, Christoph Busch
2023How Close Are Other Computer Vision Tasks to Deepfake Detection?
Huy H. Nguyen, Junichi Yamagishi, Isao Echizen
2023How Colorful Should Faces Be? Harmonizing Color and Model Quantization for Resource-restricted Face Recognition.
Jan Niklas Kolf, Jurek Elliesen, Fadi Boutros, Naser Damer
2023Human Body Model based ID using Shape and Pose Parameters.
Aravind Sundaresan, J. Brian Burns, Indranil Sur, Yi Yao, Xiao Lin, Sujeong Kim
2023Human Identification at a Distance: Challenges, Methods and Results on HID 2023.
Shiqi Yu, Chenye Wang, Yuwei Zhao, Li Wang, Ming Wang, Qing Li, Wenlong Li, Runsheng Wang, Yongzhen Huang, Liang Wang, Yasushi Makihara, Md Atiqur Rahman Ahad
2023IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics, IJCB 2023, Ljubljana, Slovenia, September 25-28, 2023
2023Identity-Preserving Aging of Face Images via Latent Diffusion Models.
Sudipta Banerjee, Govind Mittal, Ameya Joshi, Chinmay Hegde, Nasir D. Memon
2023Improving Face Recognition from Caption Supervision with Multi-Granular Contextual Feature Aggregation.
Md Mahedi Hasan, Nasser M. Nasrabadi
2023Improving Latent Fingerprint Orientation Field Estimation Using Inpainting Techniques.
Zheng Wang, Zexi Jia, Chuanwei Huang, Hongyan Fei, Song Wu, Jufu Feng
2023Inversion of Deep Facial Templates using Synthetic Data.
Hatef Otroshi-Shahreza, Sébastien Marcel
2023Iris Liveness Detection Competition (LivDet-Iris) - The 2023 Edition.
Patrick Tinsley, Sandip Purnapatra, Mahsa Mitcheff, Aidan Boyd, Colton R. Crum, Kevin W. Bowyer, Patrick J. Flynn, Stephanie Schuckers, Adam Czajka, Meiling Fang, Naser Damer, Xingyu Liu, Caiyong Wang, Xianyun Sun, Zhaohua Chang, Xinyue Li, Guangzhe Zhao, Juan E. Tapia, Christoph Busch, Carlos M. Aravena, Daniel Schulz
2023KinfaceNet: A New Deep Transfer Learning based Kinship Feature Extraction Framework.
Pallabi Ghosh, Sumaiya Shomaji, Damon L. Woodard, Domenic Forte
2023Leveraging Synthetic Data and Hard Pair Mining for Selfie vs ID Face Verification.
Shivang Agarwal, Jyoti Chaudhary, Hard Savani, Shivam Sharma, Mayank Vatsa, Richa Singh, Shyam Prasad Adhikari, Sangeeth Reddy, Kshitij Agrawal, Hemant Misra
2023Lifespan Face Age Progression using 3D-Aware Generative Adversarial Networks.
Eric Kastl Jensen, Morten Bjerre, Marcel Grimmer, Christoph Busch
2023LivDet2023 - Fingerprint Liveness Detection Competition: Advancing Generalization.
Marco Micheletto, Roberto Casula, Giulia Orrù, Simone Carta, Sara Concas, Simone Maurizio La Cava, Julian Fiérrez, Gian Luca Marcialis
2023Liveness Detection Competition - Noncontact-based Fingerprint Algorithms and Systems (LivDet-2023 Noncontact Fingerprint).
Sandip Purnapatra, Humaira Rezaie, Bhavin Jawade, Yu Liu, Yue Pan, Luke Brosell, Mst Rumana Sumi, Lambert Igene, Alden Dimarco, Srirangaraj Setlur, Soumyabrata Dey, Stephanie Schuckers, Marco Huber, Jan Niklas Kolf, Meiling Fang, Naser Damer, Banafsheh Adami, Raul Chitic, Karsten Seelert, Vishesh Mistry, Rahul Parthe, Umit Kacar
2023MRA-GNN: Minutiae Relation-Aware Model over Graph Neural Network for Fingerprint Embedding.
Yapeng Su, Tong Zhao, Zicheng Zhang
2023Meta-evaluation for 3D Face Reconstruction Via Synthetic Data.
Evangelos Sariyanidi, Claudio Ferrari, Stefano Berretti, Robert T. Schultz, Birkan Tunç
2023Modeling Spoof Noise by De-spoofing Diffusion and its Application in Face Anti-spoofing.
Bin Zhang, Xiangyu Zhu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Zhen Lei
2023Multi-Biometric Fuzzy Vault based on Face and Fingerprints.
Christian Rathgeb, Benjamin Tams, Johannes Merkle, Vanessa Nesterowicz, Ulrike Korte, Matthias Neu
2023Multimodal Context-Based Continuous Authentication.
Saandeep Aathreya, Meghna Chaudhary, Tempestt J. Neal, Shaun J. Canavan
2023NeutrEx: A 3D Quality Component Measure on Facial Expression Neutrality.
Marcel Grimmer, Christian Rathgeb, Raymond N. J. Veldhuis, Christoph Busch
2023Novel Body Biometric for Long-Range Recognition Under Extreme Conditions.
Padmaja Jonnalagedda, Bir Bhanu
2023OSVConTramer: A Hybrid CNN and Transformer based Online Signature Verification.
Chandra Sekhar Vorugunti, Avinash Gautam, Viswanath Pulabaigari
2023On Self-Supervised Learning and Prompt Tuning of Vision Transformers for Cross-sensor Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection.
Maryam Nadeem, Karthik Nandakumar
2023On the Biometric Capacity of Generative Face Models.
Vishnu Naresh Boddeti, Gautam Sreekumar, Arun Ross
2023On the Use of Cross- and Self-Module Attentive Statistics Pooling Techniques for Text-Independent Speaker Verification.
Jahangir Alam
2023Online Model-based Gait Age and Gender Estimation.
Allam Shehata, Mohamad Ammar Alsherfawi Aljazaerly, Levin Gäher, Xiang Li, Yasushi Makihara, Yasushi Yagi
2023Optimal-Landmark-Guided Image Blending for Face Morphing Attacks.
Qiaoyun He, Zongyong Deng, Zuyuan He, Qijun Zhao
2023PointGait: Boosting End-to-End 3D Gait Recognition with Point Clouds via Spatiotemporal Modeling.
Rui Wang, Chuanfu Shen, Chao Fan, George Q. Huang, Shiqi Yu
2023Protocol Based Similarity Evaluation of Publicly Available Synthetic and Real Fingerprint Datasets.
Dominik Söllinger, Simon Kirchgasser, Andreas Uhl, Andrey Makushin, Jana Dittmann
2023Recent Advancement in 3D Biometrics using Monocular Camera.
Aritra Mukherjee, Abhijit Das
2023Recognizing People by Body Shape Using Deep Networks of Images and Words.
Blake A. Myers, Lucas Jaggernauth, Thomas M. Metz, Matthew Q. Hill, Veda Nandan Gandi, Carlos Domingo Castillo, Alice J. O'Toole
2023SDeMorph: Towards Better Facial De-morphing from Single Morph.
Nitish Shukla
2023SV-DeiT: Speaker Verification with DeiTCap Spoofing Detection.
Rishabh Ranjan, Mayank Vatsa, Richa Singh
2023Sampling From Autoencoders' Latent Space via Quantization And Probability Mass Function Concepts.
Aymene Mohammed Bouayed, Adrian Iaccovelli, David Naccache
2023Sclera Segmentation and Joint Recognition Benchmarking Competition: SSRBC 2023.
Abhijit Das, Saurabh Atreya, Aritra Mukherjee, Matej Vitek, Haiqing Li, Caiyong Wang, Guangzhe Zhao, Fadi Boutros, Patrick Siebke, Jan Niklas Kolf, Naser Damer, Sun Ye, Lu Hexin, Fan Aobo, You Sheng, Sabari Nathan, R. Suganya, R. S. Rampriya, Geetanjali Sharma, P. Priyanka, Aditya Nigam, Peter Peer, Umapada Pal, Vitomir Struc
2023Sclera-TransFuse: Fusing Swin Transformer and CNN for Accurate Sclera Segmentation.
Haiqing Li, Caiyong Wang, Guangzhe Zhao, Zhaofeng He, Yunlong Wang, Zhenan Sun
2023Sound-Print: Generalised Face Presentation Attack Detection using Deep Representation of Sound Echoes.
Raghavendra Ramachandra, Jag Mohan Singh, Sushma Venkatesh
2023StyleAU: StyleGAN based Facial Action Unit Manipulation for Expression Editing.
Yanliang Guo, Xianxu Hou, Feng Liu, Linlin Shen, Lei Wang, Zhen Wang, Peng Liu
2023SynFacePAD 2023: Competition on Face Presentation Attack Detection Based on Privacy-aware Synthetic Training Data.
Meiling Fang, Marco Huber, Julian Fiérrez, Raghavendra Ramachandra, Naser Damer, Alhasan Alkhaddour, Maksim Kasantcev, Vasiliy Pryadchenko, Ziyuan Yang, Huijie Huangfu, Yingyu Chen, Yi Zhang, Yuchen Pan, Junjun Jiang, Xianming Liu, Xianyun Sun, Caiyong Wang, Xingyu Liu, Zhaohua Chang, Guangzhe Zhao, Juan E. Tapia, Lázaro J. González Soler, Carlos M. Aravena, Daniel Schulz
2023SynthDistill: Face Recognition with Knowledge Distillation from Synthetic Data.
Hatef Otroshi-Shahreza, Anjith George, Sébastien Marcel
2023Synthetic Data for the Mitigation of Demographic Biases in Face Recognition.
Pietro Melzi, Christian Rathgeb, Ruben Tolosana, Rubén Vera-Rodríguez, Aythami Morales, Dominik Lawatsch, Florian Domin, Maxim Schaubert
2023Synthetic Face Generation Through Eyes-to-Face Inpainting.
Ahmad Hassanpour, Sayed Amir Mousavi Mobarakeh, Amir Etefaghi Daryani, Raghavendra Ramachandra, Bian Yang
2023Template Recovery Attack on Homomorphically Encrypted Biometric Recognition Systems with Unprotected Threshold Comparison.
Amina Bassit, Florian Hahn, Zohra Rezgui, Una M. Kelly, Raymond N. J. Veldhuis, Andreas Peter
2023The Unconstrained Ear Recognition Challenge 2023: Maximizing Performance and Minimizing Bias.
Ziga Emersic, Tetsushi Ohki, Muku Akasaka, Takahiko Arakawa, Soshi Maeda, Masora Okano, Yuya Sato, Anjith George, Sébastien Marcel, Iyyakutti Iyappan Ganapathi, Syed Sadaf Ali, Sajid Javed, Naoufel Werghi, S. G. Isik, Erdi Saritas, Hazim Kemal Ekenel, V. Hudovernik, Jan Niklas Kolf, Fadi Boutros, Naser Damer, G. Sharma, Aman Kamboj, Aditya Nigam, Deepak Kumar Jain, G. Cámara-Chávez, Peter Peer, Vitomir Struc
2023Toward responsible face datasets: modeling the distribution of a disentangled latent space for sampling face images from demographic groups.
Parsa Rahimi, Christophe Ecabert, Sébastien Marcel
2023Towards Generalizable Morph Attack Detection with Consistency Regularization.
Hossein Kashiani, Niloufar Alipour Talemi, Mohammad Saeed Ebrahimi Saadabadi, Nasser M. Nasrabadi
2023TriGait: Aligning and Fusing Skeleton and Silhouette Gait Data via a Tri-Branch Network.
Yan Sun, Xueling Feng, Liyan Ma, Long Hu, Mark S. Nixon
2023Two-Dimensional Dynamic Fusion for Continuous Authentication.
Nuttapong Attrapadung, Goichiro Hanaoka, Haochen M. Kotoi-Xie, Takahiro Matsuda, Takumi Moriyama, Takao Murakami, Hidenori Nakamura, Jacob C. N. Schuldt, Masaaki Tokuyama, Jing Zhang
2023UG-LDFace: Unified and Generalized Framework for Long-Range Disguised Face Recognition.
Muskan Dosi, Chiranjeev Chiranjeev, Richa Singh, Mayank Vatsa
2023Unconventional Biometrics: Exploring the Feasibility of a Cognitive Trait based on Visual Self-Recognition.
Hendrik Graupner, Lisa Schwetlick, Ralf Engbert, Christoph Meinel
2023Unmasking Deepfakes: Masked Autoencoding Spatiotemporal Transformers for Enhanced Video Forgery Detection.
Sayantan Das, Mojtaba Kolahdouzi, Levent Özparlak, Will Hickie, Ali Etemad
2023ViT Unified: Joint Fingerprint Recognition and Presentation Attack Detection.
Steven A. Grosz, Kanishka P. Wijewardena, Anil K. Jain
2023Vista Morph - Unsupervised Image Registration of Visible-Thermal Facial Pairs.
Catherine Ordun, Edward Raff, Sanjay Purushotham
2023Vocal Style Factorization for Effective Speaker Recognition in Affective Scenarios.
Morgan Sandler, Arun Ross
2023Vulnerability of Automatic Identity Recognition to Audio-Visual Deepfakes.
Pavel Korshunov, Haolin Chen, Philip N. Garner, Sébastien Marcel
2023W2H-Net: Fast Prediction of Waist-to-Hip Ratio from Single Partial Dressed Body Scans in Arbitrary Postures via Deep Learning.
Ran Zhao, Xinxin Dai, Pengpeng Hu, Adrian Munteanu
2023Weakly Supervised Face and Whole Body Recognition in Turbulent Environments.
Kshitij Nikhal, Benjamin S. Riggan
2023Writer Identification from Nordic Historical Manuscripts using Transformer Networks.
Chandranath Adak, Batturi Jaswanth, Zahid Akhtar, Andre Kåsen, Sukalpa Chanda
2023Zero-Shot Racially Balanced Dataset Generation using an Existing Biased StyleGAN2.
Anubhav Jain, Nasir D. Memon, Julian Togelius
2023iWarpGAN: Disentangling Identity and Style to Generate Synthetic Iris Images.
Shivangi Yadav, Arun Ross