Xiaodong Ren

41 papers B 2C 2Journal 25Unranked 12
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2025 J jnl
Knowl. Based Syst.
Yue Yang, Xiaodong Ren, Liangjun Ke
2025 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Ahmed Abdelaziz, Xiaodong Ren, Mohamed Hosny, Dengkui Mei, Xuan Le, Hang Liu, Xiaohong Zhang
2025 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Xuan Le, Xiaodong Ren, Dengkui Mei, Fangxin Hu, Atsuki Shinbori, Michi Nishioka, Septi Perwitasari, Yuichi Otsuka, Xiaohong Zhang
2025 J jnl
CoRR
Haoxiang Zhang, Ruihao Yuan, Lihui Zhang, Yushi Luo, Qiang Zhang, Pan Ding, Xiaodong Ren, Weijie Xing, Niu Gao, Jishan Chen, Chubo Zhang
2024 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Hang Liu, Pengxin Yang, Xiaodong Ren, Dengkui Mei, Xuan Le, Xiaohong Zhang, Mohamed Freeshah
2023 J jnl
IEEE Internet Things J.
Xiaodong Ren, Gagangeet Singh Aujla, Anish Jindal, Ranbir Singh Batth, Peiying Zhang
2023 J jnl
Remote. Sens.
Hang Liu, Xiaodong Ren, Guozhen Xu
2023 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Dengkui Mei, Xiaodong Ren, Xuan Le, Hang Liu, Xiaohong Zhang
2023 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst.
Yanxiang Feng, Sida Ren, Xiaodong Ren, Hefeng Chen, Yikang Yang
2022 conf
ICCT
Hao Liu, Hao Cheng, Yan Wang, Zheng Peng, Xiaodong Ren, Yubei Shuai, Shengyin Zang, Jiagui Wu
2022 conf
ICCT
Hao Cheng, Yan Wang, Xiaodong Ren, Zheng Peng, Wei Cheng, Jiagui Wu
2022 conf
ICCEIC
Shengyin Zang, Jiawei Fei, Xiaodong Ren, Yan Wang, Zhuang Cao, Jiagui Wu
2022 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Xiaodong Ren, Hang Liu, Jincheng Zhang, Dengkui Mei, Xiaohong Zhang
2022 conf
ITHET
Ying Wang, Xiaodong Ren, Zhou Jing, Meilan Liu, Qinke Peng, Laiyi Fu
2022 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Xiaodong Ren, Jincheng Zhang, Jun Chen, Xiaohong Zhang
2021 J jnl
Remote. Sens.
Mohamed Freeshah, Xiaohong Zhang, Erman Sentürk, Muhammad Arqim Adil, B. G. Mousa, Aqil Tariq, Xiaodong Ren, Mervat Refaat
2021 J jnl
CoRR
Xiaodong Ren, Daofu Guo, Zhigang Ren, Yongsheng Liang, An Chen
2021 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Xiaodong Ren, Jun Chen, Xingxing Li, Xiaohong Zhang
2021 J jnl
Remote. Sens.
Si Xiong, Fujian Ma, Xiaodong Ren, Jun Chen, Xiaohong Zhang
2021 J jnl
IEEE Access
Xiaodong Ren, Zuren Feng, Hongyu Lu, Qing Zhou
2021 C conf
ETFA
Hongyu Lu, Xiaodong Ren, Min Tong
2021 C conf
IECON
Hongyu Lu, Xiaodong Ren, Min Tong
2020 conf
MSN
Xiaodong Ren, Feilong Lin, Zhongyu Chen, Changbing Tang, Zhonglong Zheng, Minglu Li
2020 J jnl
Biomed. Signal Process. Control.
Jie Wang, Zuren Feng, Xiaodong Ren, Na Lu, Jing Luo, Lei Sun
2019 J jnl
Int. J. Control
Dewei Yang, Zuren Feng, Ruizi Sha, Xiaodong Ren
2018 J jnl
J. Chem. Inf. Model.
Xiaodong Ren, Yu-Sheng Shi, Yan Zhang, Bin Liu, Li-Hong Zhang, Yu-Bo Peng, Rui Zeng
2017 conf
IFTC
Vanbang Le, Yu Zhu, Dawei Yang, Bingbing Zheng, Xiaodong Ren
2017 J jnl
Sensors
Wenhua Guo, Zuren Feng, Xiaodong Ren
2017 conf
CISP-BMEI
Xiaodong Ren, Sanping Du, Yi Zheng
2017 conf
CASE
Na Lu, Xiaodong Ren, Jinbo Song, Yidan Wu
2016 J jnl
J. Comput. Phys.
Xiaodong Ren, Kun Xu, Wei Shyy
2015 J jnl
J. Comput. Phys.
Xiaodong Ren, Kun Xu, Wei Shyy, Chunwei Gu
2015 J jnl
Comput. Biol. Medicine
Na Lu, Tengfei Li, Jinjin Pan, Xiaodong Ren, Zuren Feng, Hongyu Miao
2015 J jnl
计算机科学
Xiaodong Ren, Wuhu Lei, Yu Gu, Qingsong Zhao
2014 J jnl
Adv. Robotics
Dewei Yang, Zuren Feng, Xiaodong Ren, Na Lu
2013 conf
ICIA
Xiaodong Ren, Zuren Feng, Dewei Yang, Xu Wang, Duanfeng Gao
2011 conf
ICGEC
Dong Chen, Guiran Chang, Lizhong Jin, Xiaodong Ren, Jiajia Li, Fengyun Li
2010 conf
NCM
Yang Shen, Huijuan Fu, Xiaodong Ren, Shangru Wu
2009 conf
ICNC (3)
Yibo Zhang, Lirong Teng, Jiahui Lu, Qingfan Meng, Xiaodong Ren, Qiuhong Xie
2003 B conf
GLOBECOM
Xiaodong Ren, Shidong Zhou, Yan Yao, Zucheng Zhou
2003 B conf
PIMRC
Xiaodong Ren, Shidong Zhou, Zucheng Zhou
redb/extractors/js_extractors/js_strings.py
← Index redb/extractors/js_extractors/js_strings.py python
import base64
import bisect
import inspect
import re
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Any

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.js_extractor import JSExtractor
from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_patterns import STRING_PATTERNS, line_offsets

# Local aliases for the compiled patterns this extractor uses. Defined and
# compiled exactly once in js_patterns.STRING_PATTERNS.
_HEX_STRING_RE = STRING_PATTERNS["hex_escape_seq"]
_UNICODE_STRING_RE = STRING_PATTERNS["unicode_escape_seq"]
_CHARCODE_RE = STRING_PATTERNS["charcode_call"]
_BASE64_STRING_RE = STRING_PATTERNS["base64_quoted"]
_CONCAT_STRING_RE = STRING_PATTERNS["concat_chain"]

# Tokeniser used inside _reconstruct_concat to pull each quoted part out of a
# matched concat chain. Compiled once at module load (was recompiled on every
# concat match before).
_CONCAT_TOKEN_RE = re.compile(r'["\']([^"\']*)["\']')


class JSStringsExtractor(JSExtractor):

    def __init__(
        self, filepath, log, exporters=None, index_prefix=None,
        known_benign=False, known_malicious=False, source=None, context=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath, log, exporters, index_prefix,
            known_benign, known_malicious, source, context=context,
        )
        self.string_findings = None
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

    def tag(self):
        return Tag.JS_STRINGS.value

    def _decode_hex_string(self, hex_str):
        """Decode \\x41\\x42 style hex strings."""
        try:
            # Remove \\x prefix and decode
            clean = hex_str.replace('\\x', '')
            return bytes.fromhex(clean).decode('utf-8', errors='replace')
        except Exception:
            return None

    def _decode_unicode_string(self, uni_str):
        """Decode \\u0041\\u0042 style unicode strings."""
        try:
            return uni_str.encode('utf-8').decode('unicode_escape')
        except Exception:
            return None

    def _decode_charcode(self, charcode_str):
        """Decode String.fromCharCode(72, 101, 108, ...) sequences."""
        try:
            codes = [int(c.strip()) for c in charcode_str.split(',') if c.strip().isdigit()]
            return ''.join(chr(c) for c in codes if 0 <= c <= 0x10FFFF)
        except Exception:
            return None

    def _decode_base64(self, b64_str):
        """Attempt to decode base64 string."""
        try:
            decoded = base64.b64decode(b64_str)
            # Check if result is printable text
            text = decoded.decode('utf-8', errors='strict')
            # Only return if it looks like text (>80% printable)
            printable = sum(1 for c in text if c.isprintable() or c in '\n\r\t')
            if printable / len(text) > 0.8:
                return text
        except Exception:
            pass
        return None

    def _reconstruct_concat(self, concat_match):
        """Reconstruct concatenated string parts."""
        try:
            parts = _CONCAT_TOKEN_RE.findall(concat_match)
            return ''.join(parts)
        except Exception:
            return None

    def _find_line_number(self, match_start):
        """1-indexed line number for `match_start`, looked up in O(log L) via
        bisect over `self._line_offsets` (built once per extract() call).

        Replaces the historical `self.js_source[:match_start].count('\\n') + 1`
        which was O(N) per call and quadratic across all matches in a sample.
        """
        return bisect.bisect_right(self._line_offsets, match_start)

    def _scan_text(self, text):
        """Run every encoded-string pattern over `text` and return a list of
        finding dicts. Stateless apart from the per-call `_line_offsets` cache,
        which `_find_line_number` reads — callers must reset it before invoking
        this so line numbers reference the text being scanned, not the previous
        one.
        """
        findings = []

        # Hex-encoded strings
        for m in _HEX_STRING_RE.finditer(text):
            raw = m.group()
            decoded = self._decode_hex_string(raw)
            if decoded and len(decoded) >= 4:
                findings.append({
                    'string': decoded[:4000],
                    'string_raw': raw[:4000],
                    'string_encoding': 'hex',
                    'string_offset': self._find_line_number(m.start()),
                    'string_length': len(decoded),
                    'string_raw_length': len(raw),
                    'string_entropy': self._calculate_text_entropy(decoded),
                })

        # Unicode-encoded strings
        for m in _UNICODE_STRING_RE.finditer(text):
            raw = m.group()
            decoded = self._decode_unicode_string(raw)
            if decoded and len(decoded) >= 3:
                findings.append({
                    'string': decoded[:4000],
                    'string_raw': raw[:4000],
                    'string_encoding': 'unicode',
                    'string_offset': self._find_line_number(m.start()),
                    'string_length': len(decoded),
                    'string_raw_length': len(raw),
                    'string_entropy': self._calculate_text_entropy(decoded),
                })

        # String.fromCharCode sequences
        for m in _CHARCODE_RE.finditer(text):
            raw = m.group()
            decoded = self._decode_charcode(m.group(1))
            if decoded and len(decoded) >= 4:
                findings.append({
                    'string': decoded[:4000],
                    'string_raw': raw[:4000],
                    'string_encoding': 'charcode',
                    'string_offset': self._find_line_number(m.start()),
                    'string_length': len(decoded),
                    'string_raw_length': len(raw),
                    'string_entropy': self._calculate_text_entropy(decoded),
                })

        # Base64-encoded strings
        for m in _BASE64_STRING_RE.finditer(text):
            raw = m.group(0)
            b64_val = m.group(1)
            decoded = self._decode_base64(b64_val)
            if decoded and len(decoded) >= 10:
                findings.append({
                    'string': decoded[:4000],
                    'string_raw': raw[:4000],
                    'string_encoding': 'base64',
                    'string_offset': self._find_line_number(m.start()),
                    'string_length': len(decoded),
                    'string_raw_length': len(raw),
                    'string_entropy': self._calculate_text_entropy(decoded),
                })

        # Concatenated strings (reassembled)
        for m in _CONCAT_STRING_RE.finditer(text):
            raw = m.group()
            reconstructed = self._reconstruct_concat(raw)
            if reconstructed and len(reconstructed) >= 20:
                findings.append({
                    'string': reconstructed[:4000],
                    'string_raw': raw[:4000],
                    'string_encoding': 'concat',
                    'string_offset': self._find_line_number(m.start()),
                    'string_length': len(reconstructed),
                    'string_raw_length': len(raw),
                    'string_entropy': self._calculate_text_entropy(reconstructed),
                })

        return findings

    def extract(self):
        src = self.js_source
        if not src:
            return None

        # Pass 1: raw source. _line_offsets is keyed off whichever text is
        # currently being scanned so _find_line_number resolves to that text.
        self._line_offsets = line_offsets(src)
        findings = self._scan_text(src)

        # Pass 2: deobfuscated text, when the deobfuscator produced something
        # meaningfully different. Same patterns, but a different surface — for
        # samples where the encoded payload is hidden behind an outer wrapper
        # (e.g. array.join() + eval in Vjw0rm/WSH-RAT) only this pass yields
        # any rows at all.
        deobf_text, _ = self._context.deobfuscated
        if deobf_text and deobf_text != src:
            self._line_offsets = line_offsets(deobf_text)
            findings.extend(self._scan_text(deobf_text))

        if not findings:
            return None

        # Deduplicate by decoded string value (raw pass wins on collision: it
        # comes first in `findings`). A string that surfaces only in the
        # deobfuscated text still gets persisted, which is the whole point of
        # the second pass.
        seen_values = set()
        deduped = []
        for f in findings:
            val_key = f['string'][:100]
            if val_key not in seen_values:
                seen_values.add(val_key)
                deduped.append(f)

        self.string_findings = deduped[:500]  # Limit per file
        # Publish to the shared context so post-loop consumers (notably the IOC
        # plumbing in workers.py) can scrape the decoded strings without
        # holding a reference to this extractor instance.
        self._context.decoded_strings = self.string_findings
        return self.string_findings

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        if exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            if not self.string_findings:
                return None

            data = []
            for f in self.string_findings:
                data.append([
                    self.sha256,
                    f['string'],
                    f['string_raw'],
                    f['string_encoding'],
                    f['string_offset'],
                    f['string_length'],
                    f['string_raw_length'],
                    f['string_entropy'],
                ])

            column_names = [
                "sha256",
                "string",
                "string_raw",
                "string_encoding",
                "string_offset",
                "string_length",
                "string_raw_length",
                "string_entropy",
            ]

            column_type_names = [
                "FixedString(64)",
                "String",
                "String",
                "LowCardinality(String)",
                "UInt64",
                "UInt32",
                "UInt32",
                "Float32",
            ]

            return (data, column_names, column_type_names)

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        return "code_binja_strings_raw"