Xiangjie Liu

48 papers C 5Journal 34Unranked 9
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2026 J jnl
Autom.
Jinghan Cui, Jinwu Gao, Xiangjie Liu, Yuqi Liu, Shuyou Yu
2025 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Neural Networks Learn. Syst.
Lele Ma, Xiangjie Liu, Furong Gao, Kwang Y. Lee
2025 J jnl
IEEE Syst. J.
Miaomiao Ma, Ruoxin Hao, Xiangjie Liu, Kwang Y. Lee
2025 J jnl
Trans. Inst. Meas. Control
Mohamed Abdelkarim Abdelbaky, Xiangjie Liu, Xiaobing Kong
2024 J jnl
IEEE Syst. J.
Miaomiao Ma, Jing Cui, Xiangjie Liu, Kwang Y. Lee
2024 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics
Xiangjie Liu, Shifan Guo, Xiaobing Kong, Lele Ma, Kwang Y. Lee
2023 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics
Jinghan Cui, Xiangjie Liu, Tianyou Chai
2023 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Cybern.
Lele Ma, Xiangjie Liu, Furong Gao, Kwang Y. Lee
2023 J jnl
IEEE Access
Sherif Fathallah, Xiangjie Liu, Hassan M. Rashad, Ahmad H. Besheer
2023 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Control. Syst. Technol.
Xiangjie Liu, Le Feng, Xiaobing Kong, Shifan Guo, Kwang Y. Lee
2022 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Cybern.
Xiangjie Liu, Lele Ma, Xiaobing Kong, Kwang Y. Lee
2022 J jnl
Turkish J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci.
Omar Busati, Xiangjie Liu
2021 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Neural Networks Learn. Syst.
Lele Ma, Xiangjie Liu, Xiaobing Kong, Kwang Y. Lee
2021 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst.
Xiangjie Liu, Lele Ma, Xiaobing Kong, Kwang Y. Lee
2020 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics
Jinghan Cui, Tianyou Chai, Xiangjie Liu
2020 J jnl
Inf. Sci.
Xiangjie Liu, Hao Zhang, Yuguang Niu, Deliang Zeng, Jizhen Liu, Xiaobing Kong, Kwang Y. Lee
2020 J jnl
Neurocomputing
Xiangjie Liu, Hao Zhang, Xiaobing Kong, Kwang Y. Lee
2019 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst.
Xiaobing Kong, Xiangjie Liu, Lele Ma, Kwang Y. Lee
2017 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.
Xiangjie Liu, Yi Zhang, Kwang Y. Lee
2017 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.
Miaomiao Ma, Chunyu Zhang, Xiangjie Liu, Hong Chen
2017 J jnl
IEEE CAA J. Autom. Sinica
Yi Zhang, Xiangjie Liu, Bin Qu
2017 J jnl
Mob. Networks Appl.
Xiangjie Liu, Yi Zhang, Bin Qu
2016 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics
Xiaobing Kong, Xiangjie Liu, Kwang Y. Lee
2016 J jnl
Neurocomputing
Dianwei Qian, Shiwen Tong, Hong Liu, Xiangjie Liu
2015 J jnl
Neurocomputing
Xiaobing Kong, Xiangjie Liu, Ruifeng Shi, Kwang Y. Lee
2014 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng.
Yinglong Ma, Ling Liu, Ke Lu, Beihong Jin, Xiangjie Liu
2014 J jnl
IEEE Trans Autom. Sci. Eng.
Xiangjie Liu, Xiaobing Kong
2013 conf
ICAC
Mihai Draganescu, Shen Guo, Jacek Wojcik, Jihong Wang, Yali Xue, Qirui Gao, Xiangjie Liu, Guolian Hou
2013 J jnl
Neural Comput. Appl.
Dianwei Qian, Dongbin Zhao, Jianqiang Yi, Xiangjie Liu
2013 J jnl
J. Appl. Math.
Xiangjie Liu, Dan Yue, Xiuming Yao
2012 C conf
ACC
Xiangjie Liu, Xiaobing Kong, Xizhi Deng
2012 conf
CDC
Omar Mohamed, Jihong Wang, Bushra Al-Duri, Junfu Lu, Qirui Gao, Yali Xue, Xiangjie Liu
2012 J jnl
Int. J. Syst. Sci.
Xiangjie Liu, Sumei Feng, Miaomiao Ma
2012 J jnl
J. Appl. Math.
Longge Zhang, Xiangjie Liu, Xiaobing Kong
2011 C conf
ACC
Dianwei Qian, Jianqiang Yi, Xiangjie Liu
2011 J jnl
Int. J. Model. Identif. Control.
Dianwei Qian, Xiangjie Liu, Jianqiang Yi, Chengdong Li
2011 C conf
ACC
Xiangjie Liu, Xuewei Tu, Guolian Hou, Jihong Wang
2011 conf
ISNN (3)
Dianwei Qian, Boya Zhang, Xiangjie Liu
2010 conf
ICSI (2)
Dianwei Qian, Xiangjie Liu, Miaomiao Ma, Chang Xu
2010 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics
Congzhi Huang, Yan Bai, Xiangjie Liu
2009 conf
WGEC
Ruifeng Shi, Xiangjie Liu
2009 C conf
ACC
Xiangjie Liu, J. W. Zhang
2009 C conf
ACC
Xiangjie Liu, L. X. Niu, Jizhen Liu
2009 J jnl
Neurocomputing
Wen Yu, Xiangjie Liu
2007 conf
FSKD (4)
Guili Yuan, Ji-Zhen Liu, Wen Tan, Xiangjie Liu
2007 conf
SNPD (3)
Guili Yuan, Ji-Zhen Liu, Wen Tan, Xiangjie Liu
2005 conf
CDC/ECC
Pingliu Guan, Xiangjie Liu, Ji-Zhen Liu
2005 conf
CDC/ECC
Xiangjie Liu, Pingliu Guan, Ji-Zhen Liu
tests/unit/test_smali_normalization.py
← Index tests/unit/test_smali_normalization.py python
"""Unit tests for smali semantic normalization.

Tests the three normalization levels (category, opcode, opcode_api),
opcode categorization, ACFG feature index mapping, and integration
with MinHash computation.
"""
import pytest

pytestmark = [pytest.mark.unit, pytest.mark.apk, pytest.mark.decompile]


class TestCategorizeOpcode:
    """Tests for opcode -> semantic category mapping."""

    def test_arithmetic(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import categorize_opcode
        assert categorize_opcode("add-int") == "ALU"
        assert categorize_opcode("mul-long/2addr") == "ALU"
        assert categorize_opcode("neg-int") == "ALU"

    def test_data_movement(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import categorize_opcode
        assert categorize_opcode("move-result") == "MOV"
        assert categorize_opcode("const/4") == "CONST"
        assert categorize_opcode("const-string") == "CONST"

    def test_memory_access(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import categorize_opcode
        assert categorize_opcode("iget-object") == "LOAD"
        assert categorize_opcode("sput-wide") == "STORE"
        assert categorize_opcode("aget-byte") == "LOAD"

    def test_invocation(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import categorize_opcode
        assert categorize_opcode("invoke-virtual") == "CALL"
        assert categorize_opcode("invoke-static") == "CALL"
        assert categorize_opcode("invoke-direct") == "CALL"

    def test_control_flow(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import categorize_opcode
        assert categorize_opcode("if-eqz") == "BRANCH"
        assert categorize_opcode("goto") == "JMP"
        assert categorize_opcode("goto/16") == "JMP"
        assert categorize_opcode("return-void") == "RET"

    def test_comparison(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import categorize_opcode
        assert categorize_opcode("cmp-long") == "CMP"
        assert categorize_opcode("cmpl-float") == "CMP"
        assert categorize_opcode("cmpg-double") == "CMP"

    def test_conversion(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import categorize_opcode
        assert categorize_opcode("int-to-long") == "CONV"
        assert categorize_opcode("float-to-int") == "CONV"

    def test_object_type(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import categorize_opcode
        assert categorize_opcode("new-instance") == "ALLOC"
        assert categorize_opcode("check-cast") == "TYPE"
        assert categorize_opcode("instance-of") == "TYPE"

    def test_exception_sync(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import categorize_opcode
        assert categorize_opcode("throw") == "EXC"
        assert categorize_opcode("monitor-enter") == "SYNC"

    def test_unknown(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import categorize_opcode
        assert categorize_opcode("nop") == "OTHER"


class TestNormalizeInstruction:
    """Tests for single instruction normalization at various levels."""

    def test_category_level(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        assert normalize_instruction("add-int v0, v1, v2", "category") == "ALU"
        assert normalize_instruction("invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V", "category") == "CALL"
        assert normalize_instruction("return-void", "category") == "RET"

    def test_opcode_level_strips_width(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        # Width variants collapse to same base
        assert normalize_instruction("add-int v0, v1, v2", "opcode") == "add"
        assert normalize_instruction("add-long v0, v2, v4", "opcode") == "add"
        assert normalize_instruction("add-float v0, v1, v2", "opcode") == "add"
        # Addressing modes collapse too
        assert normalize_instruction("add-int/2addr v0, v1", "opcode") == "add"

    def test_opcode_api_invoke(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        result = normalize_instruction(
            "invoke-virtual {p0, v0}, Lcom/example/Foo;->bar(I)V"
        )
        assert result == "CALL Lcom/example/Foo;->bar(I)V"

    def test_opcode_api_invoke_no_ref(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        # If somehow no method ref is found, fallback to CALL
        assert normalize_instruction("invoke-virtual {v0}") == "CALL"

    def test_opcode_api_field_load(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        result = normalize_instruction(
            "iget-object v0, p0, Lcom/Foo;->mField:Ljava/lang/String;"
        )
        assert result == "LOAD Lcom/Foo;->mField:Ljava/lang/String;"

    def test_opcode_api_field_store(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        result = normalize_instruction(
            "iput-object v0, p0, Lcom/Foo;->mField:Ljava/lang/String;"
        )
        assert result == "STORE Lcom/Foo;->mField:Ljava/lang/String;"

    def test_opcode_api_androguard_field_format(self):
        """androguard uses space instead of colon in field references."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        result = normalize_instruction(
            "iget-object v0, p0, Lcom/Foo;->mField Ljava/lang/String;"
        )
        assert result.startswith("LOAD")
        assert "Lcom/Foo;->mField" in result

    def test_opcode_api_new_instance(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        result = normalize_instruction(
            "new-instance v0, Lcom/example/MyClass;"
        )
        assert result == "ALLOC Lcom/example/MyClass;"

    def test_opcode_api_const_string(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        result = normalize_instruction(
            'const-string v0, "hello world"'
        )
        assert result == 'CONST_STR "hello world"'

    def test_opcode_api_const_string_jumbo(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        result = normalize_instruction(
            'const-string/jumbo v0, "large string"'
        )
        assert result == 'CONST_STR "large string"'

    def test_opcode_api_fallback_to_category(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        # Non-special instructions fall back to category
        assert normalize_instruction("add-int v0, v1, v2") == "ALU"
        assert normalize_instruction("return-void") == "RET"
        assert normalize_instruction("nop") == "OTHER"

    def test_empty_input(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        assert normalize_instruction("") == ""
        assert normalize_instruction("   ") == ""


class TestNormalizeMethodBody:
    """Tests for full method body normalization."""

    def test_filters_directives_labels_comments(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_method_body
        body = """\
.locals 2
# comment
:label_0
add-int v0, v1, v2
.line 42
invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V
return-void
"""
        result = normalize_method_body(body, "category")
        assert result == ["ALU", "CALL", "RET"]

    def test_opcode_api_preserves_api_refs(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_method_body
        body = """\
const/4 v0, 0x0
invoke-virtual {p0, v0}, Lcom/Foo;->setX(I)V
iget-object v1, p0, Lcom/Foo;->name:Ljava/lang/String;
return-void
"""
        result = normalize_method_body(body, "opcode_api")
        assert result[0] == "CONST"
        assert result[1] == "CALL Lcom/Foo;->setX(I)V"
        assert result[2] == "LOAD Lcom/Foo;->name:Ljava/lang/String;"
        assert result[3] == "RET"

    def test_empty_body(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_method_body
        assert normalize_method_body("") == []
        assert normalize_method_body("\n\n") == []


class TestNormalizationWithMinHash:
    """Integration tests: normalization + MinHash computation."""

    def test_minhash_returns_signature(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_minhash
        body = """\
const/4 v0, 0x0
invoke-virtual {p0, v0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar(I)V
iget-object v1, p0, Lcom/Foo;->name:Ljava/lang/String;
add-int v2, v0, v1
return-void
"""
        sig = compute_minhash(body)
        assert sig is not None
        assert len(sig) == 64
        assert all(0 <= v < 256 for v in sig)

    def test_minhash_register_invariance(self):
        """Same operations with different registers should produce identical signatures."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_minhash
        body_a = """\
const/4 v0, 0x0
invoke-virtual {p0, v0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar(I)V
iget-object v1, p0, Lcom/Foo;->name:Ljava/lang/String;
add-int v2, v0, v1
return-void
"""
        body_b = """\
const/4 v3, 0x0
invoke-virtual {p1, v3}, Lcom/Foo;->bar(I)V
iget-object v4, p1, Lcom/Foo;->name:Ljava/lang/String;
add-int v5, v3, v4
return-void
"""
        sig_a = compute_minhash(body_a)
        sig_b = compute_minhash(body_b)
        assert sig_a == sig_b

    def test_minhash_width_invariance(self):
        """Width variants of same operations should produce identical signatures."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_minhash
        body_int = """\
add-int v0, v1, v2
sub-int v3, v0, v1
mul-int v4, v0, v3
return v4
"""
        body_long = """\
add-long v0, v2, v4
sub-long v6, v0, v2
mul-long v8, v0, v6
return-wide v8
"""
        sig_int = compute_minhash(body_int)
        sig_long = compute_minhash(body_long)
        # Both normalize to ALU, ALU, ALU, RET -> identical
        assert sig_int == sig_long

    def test_minhash_different_apis_differ(self):
        """Methods calling different APIs should produce different signatures."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_minhash
        body_a = """\
const/4 v0, 0x0
invoke-virtual {p0, v0}, Lcom/crypto/AES;->encrypt([B)[B
invoke-virtual {v0}, Ljava/io/OutputStream;->write([B)V
return-void
"""
        body_b = """\
const/4 v0, 0x0
invoke-virtual {p0, v0}, Ljava/lang/String;->length()I
invoke-virtual {v0}, Ljava/io/PrintStream;->println(I)V
return-void
"""
        sig_a = compute_minhash(body_a)
        sig_b = compute_minhash(body_b)
        assert sig_a != sig_b

    def test_minhash_too_few_instructions(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_minhash
        assert compute_minhash("return-void\nnop") is None


class TestACFGBlockFeatures:
    """Tests for per-block ACFG feature extraction via smali_cfg."""

    def test_simple_linear_method(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import compute_cfg_metrics
        body = """\
add-int v0, v1, v2
invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V
return-void
"""
        metrics = compute_cfg_metrics(body)
        assert metrics.block_count >= 1
        assert len(metrics.block_features) == metrics.block_count
        # Each feature vector has 8 elements
        for feat in metrics.block_features:
            assert len(feat) == 8

    def test_branching_method_has_multiple_blocks(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import compute_cfg_metrics
        body = """\
const/4 v0, 0x0
if-eqz v0, :cond_0
invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->a()V
goto :goto_0
:cond_0
invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->b()V
:goto_0
return-void
"""
        metrics = compute_cfg_metrics(body)
        assert metrics.block_count >= 3
        assert len(metrics.block_features) == metrics.block_count

    def test_feature_vector_arithmetic_count(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import compute_cfg_metrics
        body = """\
add-int v0, v1, v2
sub-int v3, v0, v1
mul-int v4, v0, v3
return v4
"""
        metrics = compute_cfg_metrics(body)
        assert len(metrics.block_features) == 1
        feat = metrics.block_features[0]
        # feat[0] = instr_count (4), feat[1] = arithmetic (3)
        assert feat[0] == 4
        assert feat[1] >= 3  # 3 ALU ops

    def test_feature_vector_call_count(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import compute_cfg_metrics
        body = """\
invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/A;->a()V
invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/B;->b()V
return-void
"""
        metrics = compute_cfg_metrics(body)
        feat = metrics.block_features[0]
        # feat[4] = call count
        assert feat[4] == 2