Xavier Golay

13 papers Journal 13
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2023 J jnl
Frontiers Neuroinformatics
Antonio Ricciardi, Francesco Grussu, Baris Kanber, Ferran Prados, Marios C. Yiannakas, Bhavana S. Solanky, Frank Riemer, Xavier Golay, Wallace Brownlee, Olga Ciccarelli, Daniel C. Alexander, Claudia A. M. Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott
2021 J jnl
NeuroImage
Michael A. Chappell, Flora A. Kennedy McConnell, Xavier Golay, Matthias Günther, Juan Antonio Hernández Tamames, Matthias J. P. van Osch, Iris Asllani
2015 J jnl
NeuroImage
Jack A. Wells, James M. O'Callaghan, Holly E. Holmes, Nick M. Powell, Ross A. Johnson, Bernard Siow, F. Torrealdea, Ozama Ismail, Simon Walker-Samuel, Xavier Golay, M. Rega, Simon Richardson, Marc Modat, Manuel Jorge Cardoso, Sébastien Ourselin, Adam J. Schwarz, Zeshan Ahmed, Tracey K. Murray, Michael J. O'Neill, Emily C. Collins, Niall Colgan, Mark F. Lythgoe
2015 J jnl
NeuroImage
Henri J. M. M. Mutsaerts, Matthias J. P. van Osch, Fernando O. Zelaya, Danny J. J. Wang, Wibeke Nordhøy, Yi Wang, Stephen J. Wastling, María A. Fernández-Seara, Esben Thade Petersen, Francesca Benedetta Pizzini, Sameeha Fallatah, Jeroen Hendrikse, Oliver M. Geier, Matthias Günther, Xavier Golay, Aart J. Nederveen, Atle Bjørnerud, Inge R. Groote
2014 J jnl
NeuroImage
Faiza Javad, Jason D. Warren, Caroline Micallef, John S. Thornton, Xavier Golay, Tarek A. Yousry, Laura Mancini
2014 J jnl
NeuroImage
Alan Bainbridge, Ilias Tachtsidis, S. D. Faulkner, David Price, Tingting Zhu, Esther Baer, K. D. Broad, D. L. Thomas, Ernest Cady, Nicola J. Robertson, Xavier Golay
2012 J jnl
NeuroImage
Yuji Shen, Yi-Ching Lynn Ho, Rishma Vidyasagar, George Balanos, Xavier Golay, Ida M. Pu, Risto A. Kauppinen
2010 J jnl
NeuroImage
Yi-Ching Lynn Ho, Esben Thade Petersen, Xavier Golay
2010 J jnl
NeuroImage
Esben Thade Petersen, Kim Mouridsen, Xavier Golay
2008 J jnl
NeuroImage
Yi-Ching Lynn Ho, Rishma Vidyasagar, Yuji Shen, George Balanos, Xavier Golay, Risto A. Kauppinen
2006 J jnl
NeuroImage
Peter Jan van Laar, Jeroen Hendrikse, Xavier Golay, Hanzhang Lu, Matthias J. P. van Osch, Jeroen van der Grond
2006 J jnl
Medical Image Anal.
Matthias J. P. van Osch, Jeroen Hendrikse, Xavier Golay, Chris J. G. Bakker, Jeroen van der Grond
2002 J jnl
NeuroImage
Hanzhang Lu, Xavier Golay, Peter C. M. van Zijl
redb/extractors/macho_extractors/macho_segments.py
← Index redb/extractors/macho_extractors/macho_segments.py python
import hashlib
import inspect
import base64
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Any

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.macho_extractor import MachOExtractor
from redb.models.dataclasses import MachOSegment


class MachOSegmentExtractor(MachOExtractor):

    def __init__(
        self,
        filepath,
        log,
        exporters=None,
        index_prefix=None,
        elastic_index=None,
        known_benign=False,
        known_malicious=False,
        macho=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath,
            log,
            exporters,
            index_prefix,
            elastic_index,
            known_benign,
            known_malicious,
            macho,
        )
        self.elastic_index = self.index_prefix + "-macho_segments"
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

    def _is_empty_result(self, extracted_data) -> bool:
        """
        Override: Empty segments is an ERROR, not a valid empty case.
        A valid MachO file must have segments (at minimum __PAGEZERO, __TEXT).
        """
        # Always return False - empty segments should be treated as an error
        return False

    def tag(self):
        return Tag.MACHO_SEGMENT.value

    def _extract_segments_for_arch(self, arch_name):
        """Extract segment information for a specific architecture."""
        self.log.debug(f"Extracting segments for architecture: {arch_name}")
        segments = []

        try:
            # Get segments using new API with architecture parameter
            segments_data = self.macho.get_segments(arch=arch_name)
            if not segments_data:
                return segments

            # Extract segments for this architecture
            for segment in segments_data:
                try:
                    segment_name = segment.get('segname', 'Unknown')

                    # Calculate segment hash
                    segment_data = self._get_segment_data(segment)
                    if segment_data:
                        seg_sha256 = hashlib.sha256(segment_data).hexdigest()
                    else:
                        seg_sha256 = ""

                    # Use entropy already calculated by machofile module, rounded to 3 decimal places
                    seg_entropy = round(segment.get('entropy', 0.0), 3)

                    # Create segment dataclass with architecture info
                    macho_segment = MachOSegment(
                        segment_name=segment_name,
                        segment_vaddr=segment.get('vaddr', 0),
                        segment_vsize=segment.get('vsize', 0),
                        segment_offset=segment.get('offset', 0),
                        segment_size=segment.get('size', 0),
                        segment_max_vm_protection=segment.get('max_vm_protection', 0),
                        segment_initial_vm_protection=segment.get('initial_vm_protection', 0),
                        segment_nsects=segment.get('nsects', 0),
                        segment_flags=segment.get('flags', 0),
                        segment_entropy=seg_entropy,
                        segment_sha256=seg_sha256,
                    )
                    # Add architecture info to the segment
                    macho_segment.architecture = arch_name
                    segments.append(macho_segment)

                except Exception as e:
                    self.log.warning(
                        f'Unable to process segment "{segment.get("segname", "Unknown")}" for architecture {arch_name} in {self.hash.sha256}: {e}'
                    )
                    continue

            return segments

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting MachO segments for architecture {arch_name}: {e}")
            return segments

    def _extract_segments(self):
        """Extract segment information from all architectures in the MachO binary."""
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)
        segments = []

        if not self.macho:
            return segments

        try:
            # Get architectures using new API (already parsed in base class)
            architectures = self.macho.get_architectures()
            if not architectures:
                return segments

            # Process each architecture
            for arch_name in architectures:
                arch_segments = self._extract_segments_for_arch(arch_name)
                segments.extend(arch_segments)

            return segments

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting MachO segments: {e}")
            return segments

    def _get_segment_data(self, segment):
        """Get the raw data for a segment."""
        try:
            offset = segment.get('offset', 0)
            size = segment.get('size', 0)
            
            if size == 0:
                return None
            
            # Read segment data from file
            with open(self.filepath, 'rb') as f:
                f.seek(offset)
                return f.read(size)
                
        except Exception as e:
            self.log.warning(f"Error reading segment data: {e}")
            return None

    def extract(self):
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)
        try:
            segments = self._extract_segments()
            return segments
        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting MachO segments: {e}")
            return None

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        if exporter_type == "ElasticsearchExporter":
            return self.extract()
        elif exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            if not self.macho:
                return None

            # Get architectures (macho is already parsed in base class)
            try:
                architectures = self.macho.get_architectures()
                is_fat = len(architectures) > 1
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.error(f"Could not get architectures: {e}")
                return None

            data = []
            current_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)

            # Loop through each architecture (1 for single, multiple for FAT)
            for arch_name in architectures:
                # Extract segments for this specific architecture
                segments = self._extract_segments_for_arch(arch_name)
                if not segments:
                    continue

                # Get architecture-specific sha256 and header info
                try:
                    arch_general_info = self.macho.get_general_info(arch=arch_name)
                    arch_sha256 = arch_general_info.get('SHA256', self.sha256)

                    # Get raw architecture value
                    arch_header_raw = self.macho.get_macho_header(arch=arch_name)
                    arch_cputype_raw = arch_header_raw.get('cputype', 0) if arch_header_raw else 0
                except Exception as e:
                    self.log.warning(f"Could not get arch-specific data for {arch_name}: {e}")
                    arch_sha256 = self.sha256
                    arch_cputype_raw = 0

                for segment in segments:
                    data.append([
                        arch_sha256,                          # sha256 (architecture-specific)
                        segment.segment_name,                 # segment_name
                        segment.segment_vaddr,                # segment_vaddr
                        segment.segment_vsize,                # segment_vsize
                        segment.segment_offset,               # segment_offset
                        segment.segment_size,                 # segment_size
                        segment.segment_max_vm_protection,    # segment_max_vm_protection
                        segment.segment_initial_vm_protection, # segment_initial_vm_protection
                        segment.segment_nsects,               # segment_nsects
                        segment.segment_flags,                # segment_flags
                        segment.segment_entropy,              # segment_entropy
                        segment.segment_sha256,               # segment_sha256
                        current_time,                         # analysis_date
                    ])

            column_names = [
                'sha256',
                'segment_name', 'segment_vaddr', 'segment_vsize', 'segment_offset',
                'segment_size', 'segment_max_vm_protection', 'segment_initial_vm_protection',
                'segment_nsects', 'segment_flags', 'segment_entropy', 'segment_sha256',
                'analysis_date'
            ]

            if not data:
                return None

            column_type_names = [
                'FixedString(64)',
                'String', 'UInt64', 'UInt64', 'UInt64',
                'UInt64', 'UInt32', 'UInt32',
                'UInt32', 'UInt32', 'Float64', 'FixedString(64)',
                'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')'
            ]

            return (data, column_names, column_type_names)

        return None

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        return "redb_macho_segments"