Viktor Gruev

55 papers C 36Journal 8Unranked 11
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2025 C conf
ISCAS
Brianna Hajek, Zhongmin Zhu, Yifei Jin, Haocheng Yang, Haoxiang Chang, Viktor Gruev
2025 C conf
ISCAS
Haoxiang Chang, Zhongmin Zhu, Haocheng Yang, Yifei Jin, Brianna Hajek, Ziwen Wang, Qingyang Fei, Shuming Nie, Viktor Gruev
2025 C conf
ISCAS
Yifei Jin, Zhongmin Zhu, Brianna Hajek, Haocheng Yang, Haoxiang Chang, Borislav Kondov, Magdalena Bogdanovska Todorovska, Goran Kondov, Shuming Nie, Viktor Gruev
2023 conf
CVPR Workshops
Tobi Delbruck, Zuowen Wang, Haiyang Mei, Germain Haessig, Damien Joubert, Justin Haque, Yingkai Chen, Moritz B. Milde, Viktor Gruev
2023 conf
CVPR Workshops
Germain Haessig, Damien Joubert, Justin Haque, Moritz B. Milde, Tobi Delbruck, Viktor Gruev
2021 J jnl
CoRR
Germain Haessig, Damien Joubert, Justin Haque, Yingkai Chen, Moritz B. Milde, Tobi Delbruck, Viktor Gruev
2020 C conf
ISCAS
Steven Blair, Nan Cui, Missael Garcia, Viktor Gruev
2020 C conf
ISCAS
Steven Blair, Amit Deliwala, Eric Chen, Sailesh Subashbabu, Anthony Li, Mebin George, Missael Garcia, Nan Cui, Zhongmin Zhu, Stefan Andonovski, Borislav Kondov, Sinisa Stojanoski, Magdalena Bogdanovska Todorovska, Gordana Petrusevska, Goran Kondov, Viktor Gruev
2020 conf
HPEC
Darko Ivanovich, Chenfeng Zhao, Xuan Zhang, Roger D. Chamberlain, Amit Deliwala, Viktor Gruev
2018 conf
BioCAS
Steven Blair, Missael Garcia, Nan Cui, Viktor Gruev
2018 C conf
ISCAS
Missael Garcia, Kevin Kauffman, Tyler Davis, Radoslav Marinov, Viktor Gruev
2018 C conf
ISCAS
Missael Garcia, Kevin Kauffman, Tyler Davis, Radoslav Marinov, Viktor Gruev
2017 C conf
ISCAS
Missael Garcia, Mohamed Zayed, Kyoung-Mi Park, Viktor Gruev
2017 C conf
ISCAS
Missael Garcia, Mohamed Zayed, Kyoung-Mi Park, Viktor Gruev
2016 C conf
ISCAS
Nan Cui, Timothy York, Radoslav Marinov, Suman Mondal, Shengkui Gao, Julie Margenthaler, Samuel Achilefu, Viktor Gruev
2015 C conf
ISCAS
Missael Garcia, Shengkui Gao, Christopher Edmiston, Timothy York, Viktor Gruev
2015 C conf
ISCAS
Shengkui Gao, Suman Mondal, Nan Zhu, Rongguang Liang, Samuel Achilefu, Viktor Gruev
2015 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.
Jie Chen, Viktor Gruev, Guoxing Wang
2015 C conf
ISCAS
Missael Garcia, Shengkui Gao, Christopher Edmiston, Timothy York, Viktor Gruev
2015 C conf
ISCAS
Shengkui Gao, Suman Mondal, Nan Zhu, Rongguang Liang, Samuel Achilefu, Viktor Gruev
2014 C conf
ISCAS
Timothy York, Viktor Gruev, Debajit Saha, Baranidharan Raman
2014 J jnl
Proc. IEEE
Nicholas W. Roberts, Martin J. How, Megan L. Porter, Shelby E. Temple, Roy L. Caldwell, Samuel B. Powell, Viktor Gruev, N. Justin Marshall, Thomas W. Cronin
2014 J jnl
Proc. IEEE
Timothy York, Samuel B. Powell, Shengkui Gao, Lindsey Kahan, Tauseef Charanya, Debajit Saha, Nicholas W. Roberts, Thomas W. Cronin, N. Justin Marshall, Samuel Achilefu, Spencer P. Lake, Baranidharan Raman, Viktor Gruev
2013 C conf
ISCAS
Raphael Njuguna, Viktor Gruev
2012 C conf
ISCAS
Viktor Gruev
2012 C conf
ISCAS
Shengkui Gao, Viktor Gruev
2012 conf
MWSCAS
Michael J. Hall, Viktor Gruev, Roger D. Chamberlain
2011 C conf
ISCAS
Timothy York, Rob Perkins, Viktor Gruev
2011 C conf
ISCAS
Michael J. Hall, Viktor Gruev, Roger D. Chamberlain
2011 C conf
ISCAS
Rob Perkins, Viktor Gruev
2011 C conf
ISCAS
Timothy York, Viktor Gruev
2010 C conf
ISCAS
Viktor Gruev, Rob Perkins
2010 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap.
Viktor Gruev, Zheng Yang, Jan Van der Spiegel, Ralph Etienne-Cummings
2010 C conf
ISCAS
Raphael Njuguna, Viktor Gruev
2010 conf
AIPR
Viktor Gruev, Rob Perkins, Timothy York
2009 conf
ECCTD
Piotr Dudek, Alexey Lopich, Viktor Gruev
2009 C conf
ISCAS
Viktor Gruev, Jan Van der Spiegel, Nader Engheta
2008 C conf
ISCAS
Zheng Yang, Viktor Gruev, Jan Van der Spiegel
2008 C conf
ISCAS
Viktor Gruev, Jan Van der Spiegel, Nader Engheta
2008 C conf
ISCAS
Viktor Gruev, Jan Van der Spiegel, Nader Engheta
2008 C conf
ISCAS
Viktor Gruev, Zheng Yang, Jan Van der Spiegel
2007 J jnl
IEEE J. Solid State Circuits
Ralf M. Philipp, David Orr, Viktor Gruev, Jan Van der Spiegel, Ralph Etienne-Cummings
2007 C conf
ISCAS
Zheng Yang, Viktor Gruev, Jan Van der Spiegel
2007 C conf
ISCAS
Viktor Gruev, Zheng Yang, Jan Van der Spiegel, Ralph Etienne-Cummings
2006 C conf
ISCAS
Zheng Yang, Viktor Gruev, Jan Van der Spiegel
2006 C conf
ISCAS
Viktor Gruev, Kejia Wu, Jan Van der Spiegel, Nader Engheta
2006 C conf
ISCAS
Viktor Gruev, Jan Van der Spiegel, Nader Engheta
2006 C conf
ISCAS
Viktor Gruev, Jan Van der Spiegel, Ralf M. Philipp, Ralph Etienne-Cummings
2006 conf
CICC
Ralph Etienne-Cummings, Swati Mehta, Ralf M. Philipp, Viktor Gruev
2004 J jnl
IEEE J. Solid State Circuits
Viktor Gruev, Ralph Etienne-Cummings
2004 conf
ICECS
Viktor Gruev, Ralph Etienne-Cummings
2004 conf
ISCAS (4)
Viktor Gruev, Ralph Etienne-Cummings, Timothy K. Horiuchi
2001 J jnl
Auton. Robots
Ralph Etienne-Cummings, Viktor Gruev, Matthew A. Clapp
2000 C conf
ISCAS
Viktor Gruev, Ralph Etienne-Cummings
1998 conf
NIPS
Ralph Etienne-Cummings, Viktor Gruev, Mohammed Abdel Ghani
tests/unit/test_apk_dataclasses.py
← Index tests/unit/test_apk_dataclasses.py python
"""
Unit tests for APK dataclasses in redb/models/dataclasses.py.
"""
import pytest
from dataclasses import asdict, fields

pytestmark = [pytest.mark.unit, pytest.mark.dataclass, pytest.mark.apk]


# ============================================================================
# APKFeatures
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKFeaturesDataclass:
    """Tests for APKFeatures dataclass."""

    def test_named_fields(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKFeatures

        f = APKFeatures(
            package_name="com.example.app",
            app_name="Example App",
            version_code=1,
            version_name="1.0.0",
        )
        assert f.package_name == "com.example.app"
        assert f.app_name == "Example App"
        assert f.version_code == 1
        assert f.version_name == "1.0.0"

    def test_all_fields_default_none_or_safe(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKFeatures

        f = APKFeatures()
        # Nullable fields default to None
        assert f.package_name is None
        assert f.app_name is None
        assert f.version_code is None
        assert f.version_name is None
        assert f.min_sdk_version is None
        assert f.target_sdk_version is None
        assert f.compile_sdk_version is None
        assert f.main_activity is None
        # Non-nullable fields have safe defaults
        assert f.is_debuggable is False
        assert f.allow_backup is True
        assert f.uses_cleartext_traffic is False
        assert f.supported_abis == []
        assert f.dex_count == 0
        assert f.total_dex_size == 0
        assert f.total_file_count == 0
        assert f.has_native_code is False
        assert f.has_assets is False
        assert f.uses_libraries == []
        assert f.earliest_content_modification is None
        assert f.latest_content_modification is None
        assert f.contains_embedded_apk is False

    def test_all_fields_populated(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKFeatures

        f = APKFeatures(
            package_name="com.malware.test",
            app_name="Malware",
            version_code=42,
            version_name="6.6.6",
            min_sdk_version=21,
            target_sdk_version=33,
            compile_sdk_version=33,
            main_activity="com.malware.test.MainActivity",
            is_debuggable=True,
            allow_backup=False,
            uses_cleartext_traffic=True,
            supported_abis=["armeabi-v7a", "arm64-v8a", "x86"],
            dex_count=3,
            total_dex_size=5000000,
            total_file_count=200,
            has_native_code=True,
            has_assets=True,
            uses_libraries=["com.google.android.maps"],
            earliest_content_modification="2024-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            latest_content_modification="2024-06-15T12:00:00Z",
            contains_embedded_apk=True,
        )
        assert f.is_debuggable is True
        assert f.dex_count == 3
        assert len(f.supported_abis) == 3
        assert f.contains_embedded_apk is True

    def test_asdict_roundtrip(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKFeatures

        f = APKFeatures(
            package_name="com.test",
            app_name="Test",
            version_code=1,
            version_name="1.0",
        )
        d = asdict(f)
        assert d["package_name"] == "com.test"
        assert d["is_debuggable"] is False
        assert d["supported_abis"] == []

    def test_partial_extraction(self):
        """Verify that APKFeatures can be created with only some fields populated,
        simulating a partial extraction where some fields failed."""
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKFeatures

        f = APKFeatures(
            package_name="com.example.app",
            # app_name failed to extract — left as None
            version_code=10,
            # version_name failed to extract — left as None
            is_debuggable=True,
            dex_count=2,
        )
        assert f.package_name == "com.example.app"
        assert f.app_name is None
        assert f.version_code == 10
        assert f.version_name is None
        assert f.is_debuggable is True
        assert f.dex_count == 2


# ============================================================================
# APKManifestComponent
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKManifestComponentDataclass:

    def test_creation(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKManifestComponent

        c = APKManifestComponent(
            component_type="activity",
            class_name="com.example.MainActivity",
            is_exported=True,
            intent_actions=["android.intent.action.MAIN"],
            intent_categories=["android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"],
        )
        assert c.component_type == "activity"
        assert c.class_name == "com.example.MainActivity"
        assert c.is_exported is True
        assert len(c.intent_actions) == 1
        assert len(c.intent_categories) == 1

    def test_defaults(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKManifestComponent

        c = APKManifestComponent(
            component_type="service",
            class_name="com.example.MyService",
            is_exported=False,
        )
        assert c.intent_actions == []
        assert c.intent_categories == []


# ============================================================================
# APKManifest
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKManifestDataclass:

    def test_required_fields(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKManifest

        m = APKManifest(
            activity_count=5,
            service_count=2,
            receiver_count=3,
            provider_count=1,
        )
        assert m.activity_count == 5
        assert m.service_count == 2
        assert m.receiver_count == 3
        assert m.provider_count == 1

    def test_optional_list_defaults(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKManifest

        m = APKManifest(
            activity_count=0,
            service_count=0,
            receiver_count=0,
            provider_count=0,
        )
        assert m.activities == []
        assert m.services == []
        assert m.receivers == []
        assert m.providers == []
        assert m.exported_components == []
        assert m.intent_filters_by_action == []
        assert m.intent_filters_by_category == []
        assert m.uses_features == []
        assert m.meta_data is None
        assert m.manifest_xml is None

    def test_fully_populated(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKManifest

        m = APKManifest(
            activity_count=2,
            service_count=1,
            receiver_count=1,
            provider_count=0,
            activities=["MainActivity", "SettingsActivity"],
            services=["SyncService"],
            receivers=["BootReceiver"],
            providers=[],
            exported_components=["MainActivity", "BootReceiver"],
            intent_filters_by_action=["android.intent.action.MAIN"],
            uses_features=["android.hardware.camera"],
            manifest_xml="<manifest>...</manifest>",
        )
        assert len(m.activities) == 2
        assert len(m.exported_components) == 2
        assert m.manifest_xml is not None


# ============================================================================
# APKPermission / APKPermissions
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKPermissionDataclass:

    def test_creation(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKPermission

        p = APKPermission(
            permission_name="android.permission.CAMERA",
            protection_level="dangerous",
        )
        assert p.permission_name == "android.permission.CAMERA"
        assert p.protection_level == "dangerous"
        assert p.is_custom is False

    def test_custom_permission(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKPermission

        p = APKPermission(
            permission_name="com.example.CUSTOM_PERM",
            protection_level="signature",
            is_custom=True,
        )
        assert p.is_custom is True


class TestAPKPermissionsDataclass:

    def test_required_fields(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKPermissions

        p = APKPermissions(
            total_permission_count=10,
            dangerous_permission_count=3,
        )
        assert p.total_permission_count == 10
        assert p.dangerous_permission_count == 3

    def test_defaults(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKPermissions

        p = APKPermissions(
            total_permission_count=0,
            dangerous_permission_count=0,
        )
        assert p.permissions == []
        assert p.dangerous_permissions == []
        assert p.custom_permissions == []
        assert p.permission_details == []
        assert p.permhash is None

    def test_with_permission_details(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKPermission, APKPermissions

        details = [
            APKPermission("android.permission.INTERNET", "normal"),
            APKPermission("android.permission.CAMERA", "dangerous"),
        ]
        p = APKPermissions(
            total_permission_count=2,
            dangerous_permission_count=1,
            permissions=["android.permission.INTERNET", "android.permission.CAMERA"],
            dangerous_permissions=["android.permission.CAMERA"],
            permission_details=details,
            permhash="abc123def456",
        )
        assert len(p.permission_details) == 2
        assert p.permhash == "abc123def456"


# ============================================================================
# APKCertificate / APKCodeSigningInfo
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKCertificateDataclass:

    def test_required_fields(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKCertificate

        c = APKCertificate(
            subject="CN=Android Debug",
            issuer="CN=Android Debug",
            serial_number="1234567890",
            valid_from="2024-01-01",
            valid_to="2054-01-01",
            thumbprint_sha1="aabbccdd" * 5,
            thumbprint_sha256="aabbccdd" * 8,
        )
        assert c.subject == "CN=Android Debug"
        assert c.issuer == "CN=Android Debug"
        assert c.is_self_signed is False

    def test_optional_fields(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKCertificate

        c = APKCertificate(
            subject="CN=Test",
            issuer="CN=CA",
            serial_number="1",
            valid_from="2024-01-01",
            valid_to="2025-01-01",
            thumbprint_sha1="aa" * 20,
            thumbprint_sha256="bb" * 32,
            algorithm="SHA256withRSA",
            key_size=2048,
            is_self_signed=True,
        )
        assert c.algorithm == "SHA256withRSA"
        assert c.key_size == 2048
        assert c.is_self_signed is True


class TestAPKCodeSigningInfoDataclass:

    def test_required_fields(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKCodeSigningInfo

        info = APKCodeSigningInfo(
            _id="abcdef1234567890" * 4,
            is_signed=True,
        )
        assert info.is_signed is True
        assert info.signature_scheme_versions == []
        assert info.number_of_certificates == 0
        assert info.x509_certificates is None
        assert info.apk_signer_subject is None
        assert info.apk_signer_issuer is None

    def test_fully_populated(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKCertificate, APKCodeSigningInfo

        cert = APKCertificate(
            subject="CN=Test",
            issuer="CN=Test",
            serial_number="1",
            valid_from="2024-01-01",
            valid_to="2025-01-01",
            thumbprint_sha1="aa" * 20,
            thumbprint_sha256="bb" * 32,
        )
        info = APKCodeSigningInfo(
            _id="cc" * 32,
            is_signed=True,
            signature_scheme_versions=[1, 2, 3],
            number_of_certificates=1,
            x509_certificates=[cert],
            apk_signer_subject="CN=Test",
            apk_signer_issuer="CN=Test",
        )
        assert len(info.signature_scheme_versions) == 3
        assert info.number_of_certificates == 1
        assert len(info.x509_certificates) == 1


# ============================================================================
# APKDexFile
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKDexFileDataclass:

    def test_required_fields(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKDexFile

        d = APKDexFile(
            filename="classes.dex",
            sha256="aa" * 32,
            class_count=100,
            method_count=500,
            string_count=1000,
        )
        assert d.filename == "classes.dex"
        assert d.class_count == 100
        assert d.method_count == 500
        assert d.string_count == 1000

    def test_optional_fields_defaults(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKDexFile

        d = APKDexFile(
            filename="classes2.dex",
            sha256="bb" * 32,
            class_count=0,
            method_count=0,
            string_count=0,
        )
        assert d.tlsh is None
        assert d.top_packages is None
        assert d.api_usage is None
        assert d.obfuscation_indicators is None

    def test_tlsh_populated(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKDexFile

        tlsh_value = "T1" + "A" * 68
        d = APKDexFile(
            filename="classes.dex",
            sha256="aa" * 32,
            class_count=100,
            method_count=500,
            string_count=1000,
            tlsh=tlsh_value,
        )
        assert d.tlsh == tlsh_value

    def test_with_api_usage(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKDexFile

        d = APKDexFile(
            filename="classes.dex",
            sha256="cc" * 32,
            class_count=50,
            method_count=200,
            string_count=300,
            top_packages=[{"name": "com.example", "class_count": 30}],
            api_usage={
                "crypto": ["Ljavax/crypto/Cipher;->getInstance"],
                "reflection": ["Ljava/lang/Class;->forName"],
            },
            obfuscation_indicators={"short_class_names_ratio": 0.8, "single_char_methods_ratio": 0.5},
        )
        assert len(d.api_usage) == 2
        assert d.obfuscation_indicators["short_class_names_ratio"] == 0.8


# ============================================================================
# APKResource
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKResourceDataclass:

    def test_creation(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKResource

        r = APKResource(
            path="res/drawable/icon.png",
            size=1024,
            sha256="dd" * 32,
            filetype_magika="png",
        )
        assert r.path == "res/drawable/icon.png"
        assert r.size == 1024
        assert r.is_suspicious is False

    def test_suspicious_resource(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKResource

        r = APKResource(
            path="assets/payload.dex",
            size=50000,
            sha256="ee" * 32,
            filetype_magika="dex",
            is_suspicious=True,
        )
        assert r.is_suspicious is True


# ============================================================================
# APKNativeLib
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKNativeLibDataclass:

    def test_creation(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKNativeLib

        lib = APKNativeLib(
            abi="arm64-v8a",
            filename="libnative.so",
            size=200000,
            sha256="ff" * 32,
        )
        assert lib.abi == "arm64-v8a"
        assert lib.filename == "libnative.so"
        assert lib.is_known_packer is False

    def test_known_packer(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKNativeLib

        lib = APKNativeLib(
            abi="armeabi-v7a",
            filename="libjiagu.so",
            size=100000,
            sha256="aa" * 32,
            is_known_packer=True,
        )
        assert lib.is_known_packer is True


# ============================================================================
# APKInconsistencyTests
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKInconsistencyTestsDataclass:

    def test_all_defaults_none(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKInconsistencyTests

        t = APKInconsistencyTests()
        assert t.test_zip_bomb is None
        assert t.test_zip_duplicate_entries is None
        assert t.test_zip_path_traversal is None
        assert t.test_zip_suspicious_timestamps is None
        assert t.test_hidden_dex_files is None
        assert t.test_manifest_component_mismatch is None
        assert t.test_debuggable_release is None
        assert t.test_emulator_detection_strings is None
        assert t.test_debugger_detection is None
        assert t.test_root_detection is None

    def test_all_fields_populated(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKInconsistencyTests

        t = APKInconsistencyTests(
            test_zip_bomb=True,
            test_zip_duplicate_entries=False,
            test_zip_path_traversal=True,
            test_zip_suspicious_timestamps=False,
            test_hidden_dex_files=True,
            test_manifest_component_mismatch=False,
            test_debuggable_release=True,
            test_emulator_detection_strings=True,
            test_debugger_detection=False,
            test_root_detection=True,
        )
        assert t.test_zip_bomb is True
        assert t.test_debuggable_release is True
        # Count true values
        d = asdict(t)
        true_count = sum(1 for v in d.values() if v is True)
        assert true_count == 6

    def test_field_count(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKInconsistencyTests

        # Exactly 10 inconsistency tests per PDD specification
        assert len(fields(APKInconsistencyTests)) == 10


# ============================================================================
# Hashes dataclass — APK permhash field
# ============================================================================

class TestHashesAPKField:

    def test_permhash_default_none(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import Hashes

        h = Hashes(md5="a", sha1="b", sha256="c", ssdeep_hash="d", tlsh_hash="e")
        assert h.permhash is None

    def test_permhash_populated(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import Hashes

        h = Hashes(
            md5="a", sha1="b", sha256="c", ssdeep_hash="d", tlsh_hash="e",
            permhash="abc123" * 10 + "abcd",
        )
        assert h.permhash is not None
        assert len(h.permhash) == 64


# ============================================================================
# Tag enum — APK entries
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKTagEnum:

    def test_all_apk_tags_exist(self):
        from redb.extractors.enum import Tag

        expected_tags = [
            "APK_FEATURES", "APK_MANIFEST", "APK_PERMISSIONS", "APK_SIGNATURE",
            "APK_DEX", "APK_RESOURCES", "APK_NATIVE_LIBS", "APK_INCONSISTENCY_TESTS",
        ]
        for name in expected_tags:
            assert hasattr(Tag, name), f"Tag.{name} missing"

    def test_apk_tag_values(self):
        from redb.extractors.enum import Tag

        assert Tag.APK_FEATURES.value == "apk_features"
        assert Tag.APK_MANIFEST.value == "apk_manifest"
        assert Tag.APK_PERMISSIONS.value == "apk_permissions"
        assert Tag.APK_SIGNATURE.value == "apk_signature"
        assert Tag.APK_DEX.value == "apk_dex"
        assert Tag.APK_RESOURCES.value == "apk_resources"
        assert Tag.APK_NATIVE_LIBS.value == "apk_native_libs"
        assert Tag.APK_INCONSISTENCY_TESTS.value == "apk_inconsistency_tests"