Vetrivel Subramaniam Rajkumar

14 papers C 1Journal 9Unranked 4
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2026 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur.
Seema Yadav, Nand Kishor, Shubhi Purwar, Vetrivel Subramaniam Rajkumar
2025 J jnl
IEEE Access
May Myat Thwe, Alexandru Stefanov, Vetrivel Subramaniam Rajkumar, Peter Palensky
2024 conf
SmartGridComm
Seema Yadav, Nand Kishor, Shubhi Purwar, Vetrivel Subramaniam Rajkumar, Alexandru Stefanov
2024 J jnl
IEEE Access
Alfan Presekal, Alexandru Stefanov, Vetrivel Subramaniam Rajkumar, Ioannis Semertzis, Peter Palensky
2024 J jnl
IEEE Access
Alfan Presekal, Mohsen Jorjani, Vetrivel Subramaniam Rajkumar, Himanshu Goyel, Nicola Cibin, Ioannis Semertzis, Alexandru Stefanov, Peter Palensky
2024 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics
Vetrivel Subramaniam Rajkumar, Alexandru Stefanov, José Luis Rueda Torres, Peter Palensky
2024 J jnl
IEEE Access
Abdul Haleem Medattil Ibrahim, Sajan K. Sadanandan, Tareg Ghaoud, Vetrivel Subramaniam Rajkumar, Madhu Sharma
2023 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Smart Grid
Alfan Presekal, Alexandru Stefanov, Vetrivel Subramaniam Rajkumar, Peter Palensky
2023 J jnl
IEEE Access
Vetrivel Subramaniam Rajkumar, Alexandru Stefanov, Alfan Presekal, Peter Palensky, José Luis Rueda Torres
2023 conf
SmartGridComm
Alfan Presekal, Alexandru Stefanov, Vetrivel Subramaniam Rajkumar, Peter Palensky
2023 J jnl
IEEE Syst. J.
Luca Barbierato, Enrico Pons, Ettore Francesco Bompard, Vetrivel Subramaniam Rajkumar, Peter Palensky, Lorenzo Bottaccioli, Edoardo Patti
2020 conf
ISGT-Europe
Vetrivel Subramaniam Rajkumar, Marko Tealane, Alexandru Stefanov, Alfan Presekal, Peter Palensky
2019 C conf
IECON
Steffen Vogel, Vetrivel Subramaniam Rajkumar, Ha Thi Nguyen, Marija Stevic, Rishabh Bhandia, Kai Heussen, Peter Palensky, Antonello Monti
2017 conf
GHTC
Gandhi Rajan, Meghana Kavakuntala, Vetrivel Subramaniam Rajkumar, Sivaroophini Gnanavel, Vineeth Vijayaraghavan
redb/extractors/macho_extractors/macho_exports.py
← Index redb/extractors/macho_extractors/macho_exports.py python
import inspect
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Any

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.macho_extractor import MachOExtractor
from redb.models.dataclasses import MachOExport


class MachOExportExtractor(MachOExtractor):

    def __init__(
        self,
        filepath,
        log,
        exporters=None,
        index_prefix=None,
        elastic_index=None,
        known_benign=False,
        known_malicious=False,
        macho=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath,
            log,
            exporters,
            index_prefix,
            elastic_index,
            known_benign,
            known_malicious,
            macho,
        )
        self.elastic_index = self.index_prefix + "-macho_exports"
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

    def tag(self):
        return Tag.MACHO_EXPORT.value

    def _extract_exports(self, arch_name=None):
        """Extract export information from the MachO binary for a specific architecture."""
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

        if not self.macho:
            return None

        try:
            # Get exported symbols using new API for specific architecture
            exported_symbols = self.macho.get_exported_symbols(arch=arch_name)

            # Extract all exported symbols (may be empty for some binaries)
            # Handle None or empty dict
            if not exported_symbols:
                exported_symbols = {}
            all_symbols = []
            for dylib_name, symbols in exported_symbols.items():
                # Process symbol names
                for symbol in symbols:
                    if isinstance(symbol, bytes):
                        symbol = symbol.decode('utf-8', errors='replace')
                    all_symbols.append(symbol)

            # Create export dataclass
            macho_export = MachOExport(
                macho_exports_total=len(all_symbols),
                macho_export_symbols=all_symbols  # Empty list is fine, but None is not allowed for Array type
            )

            return macho_export

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting MachO exports for arch {arch_name}: {e}")
            return None

    def extract(self):
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)
        try:
            # Get architectures (macho is already parsed in base class)
            architectures = self.macho.get_architectures()
            if len(architectures) > 1:
                # FAT binary - return list of exports for each architecture
                results = []
                for arch_name in architectures:
                    exports = self._extract_exports(arch_name)
                    if exports:
                        exports.arch_identifier = arch_name
                        results.append(exports)
                return results
            else:
                # Single architecture - return single result
                return self._extract_exports(architectures[0] if architectures else None)
        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting MachO exports: {e}")
            return None

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        if exporter_type == "ElasticsearchExporter":
            return self.extract()
        elif exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            if not self.macho:
                return None

            # Get architectures (macho is already parsed in base class)
            try:
                architectures = self.macho.get_architectures()
                is_fat = len(architectures) > 1
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.error(f"Could not get architectures: {e}")
                return None

            data = []
            current_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)

            # Loop through each architecture (1 for single, multiple for FAT)
            for arch_name in architectures:
                # Get architecture-specific sha256
                try:
                    arch_general_info = self.macho.get_general_info(arch=arch_name)
                    arch_header_raw = self.macho.get_macho_header(arch=arch_name)
                    arch_sha256 = arch_general_info.get('SHA256', self.sha256)
                    arch_cputype_raw = arch_header_raw.get('cputype', 0) if arch_header_raw else 0
                except Exception as e:
                    self.log.warning(f"Could not get arch-specific data for {arch_name}: {e}")
                    arch_sha256 = self.sha256
                    arch_cputype_raw = 0

                # Get exports for this architecture
                macho_export = self._extract_exports(arch_name)
                if not macho_export:
                    continue

                data.append([
                    arch_sha256,                          # sha256 (arch-specific)
                    macho_export.macho_exports_total,     # macho_exports_total
                    macho_export.macho_export_symbols,    # macho_export_symbols (keep as array!)
                    current_time,                         # analysis_date
                ])

            column_names = [
                'sha256',
                'macho_exports_total', 'macho_export_symbols',
                'analysis_date'
            ]

            if not data:
                return None

            column_type_names = [
                'FixedString(64)',
                'UInt32', 'Array(Nullable(String))',
                'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')'
            ]

            return (data, column_names, column_type_names)

        return None

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        return "redb_macho_exports"