Varut Vardhanabhuti

30 papers A* 1Journal 26Unranked 2
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2026 J jnl
Medical Image Anal.
Xuefeng Ni, Linshan Wu, Jiaxin Zhuang, Qiong Wang, Mingxiang Wu, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Lihai Zhang, Hanyu Gao, Hao Chen
2026 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.
Ye Ding, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Fan Huang, Linfang Xiao, Shi Su, Jiahao Hu, Junhao Zhang, Vick Lau, Christopher Man, Yujiao Zhao, Alex T. L. Leong, Ed X. Wu
2025 J jnl
CoRR
Linshan Wu, Jiaxin Zhuang, Yanning Zhou, Sunan He, Jiabo Ma, Luyang Luo, Xi Wang, Xuefeng Ni, Xiaoling Zhong, Mingxiang Wu, Yinghua Zhao, Xiaohui Duan, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Pranav Rajpurkar, Hao Chen
2025 J jnl
CoRR
Zelin Qiu, Xi Wang, Zhuoyao Xie, Juan Zhou, Yu Wang, Lingjie Yang, Xinrui Jiang, Juyoung Bae, Moo Hyun Son, Qiang Ye, Dexuan Chen, Rui Zhang, Tao Li, Neeraj Ramesh Mahboobani, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Xiaohui Duan, Yinghua Zhao, Hao Chen
2025 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging
Jiaxin Zhuang, Linshan Wu, Qiong Wang, Peng Fei, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Lin Luo, Hao Chen
2025 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Neural Networks Learn. Syst.
Kecheng Chen, Jie Liu, Renjie Wan, Victor Ho-fun Lee, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Hong Yan, Haoliang Li
2024 J jnl
CoRR
Xuefeng Ni, Linshan Wu, Jiaxin Zhuang, Qiong Wang, Mingxiang Wu, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Lihai Zhang, Hanyu Gao, Hao Chen
2024 J jnl
CoRR
Jiaxin Zhuang, Linshan Wu, Qiong Wang, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Lin Luo, Hao Chen
2024 J jnl
CoRR
Luyang Luo, Mingxiang Wu, Mei Li, Yi Xin, Qiong Wang, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Winnie C. W. Chu, Zhenhui Li, Juan Zhou, Pranav Rajpurkar, Hao Chen
2024 ed.
TAI4H
Hao Chen, Yuyin Zhou, Daguang Xu, Varut Vardhanabhuti
2023 J jnl
CoRR
Jie Lian, Xufang Luo, Caihua Shan, Dongqi Han, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Dongsheng Li
2023 J jnl
Adv. Intell. Syst.
Jing Dai, Xiaomei Wang, Yingqi Li, Zhiyu Liu, Yui-Lun Ng, Jiaren Xiao, Joe King Man Fan, James Lam, Qi Dou, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Ka-Wai Kwok
2023 J jnl
Adv. Intell. Syst.
Jing Dai, Xiaomei Wang, Yingqi Li, Zhiyu Liu, Yui-Lun Ng, Jiaren Xiao, Joe King Man Fan, James Lam, Qi Dou, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Ka-Wai Kwok
2023 J jnl
CoRR
Morteza Homayounfar, Mohamad Koohi-Moghadam, Reza Rawassizadeh, Varut Vardhanabhuti
2023 J jnl
CoRR
Luyang Luo, Xi Wang, Yi Lin, Xiaoqi Ma, Andong Tan, Ronald C. K. Chan, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Winnie C. W. Chu, Kwang-Ting Cheng, Hao Chen
2023 J jnl
J. Imaging
Abhisek Bhattarai, Ray Tanaka, Andy Wai Kan Yeung, Varut Vardhanabhuti
2022 J jnl
npj Digit. Medicine
Qi Dou, Tiffany Y. So, Meirui Jiang, Quande Liu, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Georgios Kaissis, Zeju Li, Weixin Si, Heather H. C. Lee, Kevin Yu, Zuxin Feng, Li Dong, Egon Burian, Friederike Jungmann, Rickmer Braren, Marcus R. Makowski, Bernhard Kainz, Daniel Rueckert, Ben Glocker, Simon C. H. Yu, Pheng-Ann Heng
2022 A* conf
NeurIPS
Fuying Wang, Yuyin Zhou, Shujun Wang, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Lequan Yu
2022 J jnl
CoRR
Fuying Wang, Yuyin Zhou, Shujun Wang, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Lequan Yu
2022 J jnl
Comput. Biol. Medicine
Siyavash Shabani, Morteza Homayounfar, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Mohammad-Ali Nikouei Mahani, Mohamad Koohi-Moghadam
2022 J jnl
Comput. Biol. Medicine
Weiwen Wu, Hengyong Yu, Fenglin Liu, Jianjia Zhang, Varut Vardhanabhuti
2022 J jnl
Patterns
Weiwen Wu, Dianlin Hu, Wenxiang Cong, Hongming Shan, Shaoyu Wang, Chuang Niu, Pingkun Yan, Hengyong Yu, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Ge Wang
2022 J jnl
Patterns
Weiwen Wu, Dianlin Hu, Wenxiang Cong, Hongming Shan, Shaoyu Wang, Chuang Niu, Pingkun Yan, Hengyong Yu, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Ge Wang
2021 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging
Weiwen Wu, Dianlin Hu, Chuang Niu, Hengyong Yu, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Ge Wang
2021 J jnl
Neural Networks
Weiwen Wu, Dianlin Hu, Chuang Niu, Lieza Vanden Broeke, Anthony P. H. Butler, Peng Cao, James Atlas, Alexander I. Chernoglazov, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Ge Wang
2021 J jnl
npj Digit. Medicine
Qi Dou, Tiffany Y. So, Meirui Jiang, Quande Liu, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Georgios Kaissis, Zeju Li, Weixin Si, Heather H. C. Lee, Kevin Yu, Zuxin Feng, Li Dong, Egon Burian, Friederike Jungmann, Rickmer Braren, Marcus R. Makowski, Bernhard Kainz, Daniel Rueckert, Ben Glocker, Simon C. H. Yu, Pheng-Ann Heng
2021 J jnl
CoRR
Luyang Luo, Hao Chen, Yongjie Xiao, Yanning Zhou, Xi Wang, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Mingxiang Wu, Pheng-Ann Heng
2020 conf
MIDL
Richard Du, Varut Vardhanabhuti
2020 J jnl
Comput. Biol. Medicine
Kang K. Yan, Xiaofei Wang, Wendy W. T. Lam, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Anne W. M. Lee, Herbert Pang
2019 conf
AIRT@MICCAI
Zhiyu Liu, Wenhao Jiang, Kit-Hang Lee, Yat-Long Lo, Yui-Lun Ng, Qi Dou, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Ka-Wai Kwok
docs/apk-code-schema.md
← Index docs/apk-code-schema.md markdown
# APK Code Analysis — ClickHouse Schema

All tables follow the `ReplacingMergeTree(analysis_date)` pattern from
`docs/new-code-binja-schema.md`, except `code_apk_analysis_errors` which
uses `MergeTree()`.

**Companion PDD:** `APK_CODE_ANALYSIS_PDD-Tech_Annex.md` §7

---

## Table overview

| # | Table | Analog (Binja) | Engine | Key |
|---|-------|----------------|--------|-----|
| 1 | `code_apk_decompiled_methods_content` | `code_binja_decompiled_functions_content` | ReplacingMergeTree | `decompiled_method_hash` |
| 2 | `code_apk_decompiled_methods_references` | `code_binja_decompiled_functions_references` | ReplacingMergeTree | `(sha256, decompiled_method_hash)` |
| 3 | `code_apk_smali_methods_content` | `code_binja_disassembled_functions_content` | ReplacingMergeTree | `smali_method_hash` |
| 4 | `code_apk_smali_methods_references` | `code_binja_disassembled_functions_references` | ReplacingMergeTree | `(sha256, smali_method_hash)` |
| 5 | `code_apk_method_similarity_metrics` | `code_binja_function_similarity_metrics` | ReplacingMergeTree | `smali_method_hash` |
| 6 | `code_apk_cfg_methods` | `code_binja_cfg_functions` | ReplacingMergeTree | `smali_method_hash` |
| 7 | `code_binja_strings_raw` *(shared)* | — | Null (→ MV) | — |
| 8 | `code_apk_analysis_errors` | `function_analysis_errors_binja` | MergeTree | `(sha256, error_location, error_hash)` |

---

## Table 1: `code_apk_decompiled_methods_content`

**Analog:** `code_binja_decompiled_functions_content`

```sql
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS code_apk_decompiled_methods_content (
    decompiled_method_hash FixedString(64),          -- SHA-256 of normalized Java source
    decompiled_method String CODEC(ZSTD(3)),          -- Full Java method source
    decompiled_method_type Enum8('USER'=1, 'LIBRARY'=2, 'UNKNOWN'=5) DEFAULT 'UNKNOWN',
    decompiled_has_string_encryption UInt8 DEFAULT 0,
    decompiled_has_reflection_calls UInt8 DEFAULT 0,
    decompiled_excessive_goto_count UInt8 DEFAULT 0,
    analysis_date DateTime64(3, 'UTC'),

    INDEX idx_method_content_token lower(decompiled_method) TYPE tokenbf_v1(32768, 3, 0) GRANULARITY 1
) ENGINE = ReplacingMergeTree(analysis_date)
ORDER BY decompiled_method_hash;
```

## Table 2: `code_apk_decompiled_methods_references`

**Analog:** `code_binja_decompiled_functions_references`

```sql
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS code_apk_decompiled_methods_references (
    sha256 FixedString(64),
    decompiled_method_hash FixedString(64),
    smali_method_hash Nullable(FixedString(64)),
    decompiled_class_name LowCardinality(String),
    decompiled_method_name LowCardinality(String),
    decompiled_method_signature String,               -- Dalvik descriptor: (Landroid/os/Bundle;)V
    decompiled_method_prototype String,               -- Java-style: void onCreate(Bundle)
    functions_caller Array(String),
    functions_call Array(String),
    analysis_date DateTime64(3, 'UTC'),

    INDEX idx_decompiled_class_name decompiled_class_name TYPE tokenbf_v1(32768, 3, 0) GRANULARITY 1,
    INDEX idx_decompiled_method_name decompiled_method_name TYPE tokenbf_v1(32768, 3, 0) GRANULARITY 1,
    INDEX idx_functions_caller functions_caller TYPE tokenbf_v1(32768, 3, 0) GRANULARITY 1,
    INDEX idx_functions_call functions_call TYPE tokenbf_v1(32768, 3, 0) GRANULARITY 1
) ENGINE = ReplacingMergeTree(analysis_date)
ORDER BY (sha256, decompiled_method_hash);
```

## Table 3: `code_apk_smali_methods_content`

**Analog:** `code_binja_disassembled_functions_content`

```sql
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS code_apk_smali_methods_content (
    smali_method_hash FixedString(64),                -- SHA-256 of normalized smali body
    smali_method String CODEC(ZSTD(3)),               -- Full smali method body
    smali_method_type Enum8('USER'=1, 'LIBRARY'=2, 'UNKNOWN'=5) DEFAULT 'UNKNOWN',
    smali_instructions_count UInt32,
    smali_register_count UInt16,
    smali_has_string_encryption UInt8 DEFAULT 0,
    smali_has_reflection_calls UInt8 DEFAULT 0,
    smali_excessive_goto_count UInt8 DEFAULT 0,
    smali_flattened_score Float64 DEFAULT 0.0,       -- Control flow flattening score (0.01.0)
    smali_mba_score Float64 DEFAULT 0.0,             -- Mixed boolean-arithmetic score (0.01.0)
    analysis_date DateTime64(3, 'UTC'),

    INDEX idx_smali_ngram smali_method TYPE ngrambf_v1(3, 32768, 3, 0) GRANULARITY 1,
    INDEX idx_smali_method_type smali_method_type TYPE set(3) GRANULARITY 1,
    INDEX idx_smali_instr_count smali_instructions_count TYPE minmax GRANULARITY 4,
    INDEX idx_smali_reg_count smali_register_count TYPE minmax GRANULARITY 4,
    INDEX idx_smali_flattened smali_flattened_score TYPE minmax GRANULARITY 4,
    INDEX idx_smali_mba smali_mba_score TYPE minmax GRANULARITY 4
) ENGINE = ReplacingMergeTree(analysis_date)
ORDER BY smali_method_hash;
```

## Table 4: `code_apk_smali_methods_references`

**Analog:** `code_binja_disassembled_functions_references`

```sql
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS code_apk_smali_methods_references (
    sha256 FixedString(64),
    smali_method_hash FixedString(64),
    decompiled_method_hash Nullable(FixedString(64)),
    smali_class_name LowCardinality(String),
    smali_method_name LowCardinality(String),
    smali_method_signature String,
    analysis_date DateTime64(3, 'UTC'),

    INDEX idx_smali_class_name smali_class_name TYPE tokenbf_v1(32768, 3, 0) GRANULARITY 1,
    INDEX idx_smali_method_name smali_method_name TYPE tokenbf_v1(32768, 3, 0) GRANULARITY 1
) ENGINE = ReplacingMergeTree(analysis_date)
ORDER BY (sha256, smali_method_hash);
```

## Table 5: `code_apk_method_similarity_metrics`

**Analog:** `code_binja_function_similarity_metrics`

Content-based fuzzy matching table. Structural/CFG scalars (block_count, edge_count, etc.)
are in `code_apk_cfg_methods` (Table 6) — this table holds only fuzzy hashes and MinHash.

```sql
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS code_apk_method_similarity_metrics (
    smali_method_hash FixedString(64),
    -- Raw smali fuzzy hashes (analog: ssdeep_disassembly / tlsh_disassembly)
    ssdeep_smali Nullable(String),
    tlsh_smali Nullable(FixedString(72)),
    -- Semantically normalized smali fuzzy hashes (analog: ssdeep_llil / tlsh_llil)
    ssdeep_smali_normalized Nullable(String),
    tlsh_smali_normalized Nullable(FixedString(72)),
    minhash Array(UInt8),
    analysis_date DateTime64(3, 'UTC'),

    INDEX idx_ssdeep ssdeep_smali TYPE bloom_filter GRANULARITY 1,
    INDEX idx_tlsh tlsh_smali TYPE bloom_filter GRANULARITY 1,
    INDEX idx_ssdeep_norm ssdeep_smali_normalized TYPE bloom_filter GRANULARITY 1,
    INDEX idx_tlsh_norm tlsh_smali_normalized TYPE bloom_filter GRANULARITY 1
) ENGINE = ReplacingMergeTree(analysis_date)
ORDER BY smali_method_hash;
```

## Table 6: `code_apk_cfg_methods`

**Analog:** `code_binja_cfg_functions` (see `db_migration/cfg_functions_ddl.sql`)

Structural and topological features computed from smali CFG. All fields mirror
the Binja table with APK-appropriate naming.

```sql
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS code_apk_cfg_methods (
    -- Identity
    smali_method_hash FixedString(64),

    -- Tier 0: Exact structural match
    cfg_topology_hash FixedString(16),

    -- Tier 1: Structural pre-filtering
    block_count UInt16,
    edge_count UInt16,
    cfg_instructions_count UInt32,            -- Dalvik instruction count (analog: llil_total_operations)
    call_count UInt16,
    cyclomatic_complexity UInt16,
    loop_count UInt16,
    max_depth UInt16,
    max_fan_out UInt16,
    md_index_topdown UInt64,
    md_index_bottomup UInt64,
    prime_product_smali UInt64,              -- Dalvik semantic primes (analog: prime_product_llil)

    -- Tier 2: Fuzzy matching
    cfg_feature_tlsh Nullable(FixedString(72)),
    wl_minhash Array(UInt8),

    -- Embedding-ready storage
    bb_features Array(Array(UInt16)),        -- ACFG block feature vectors
    cfg_adjacency Array(UInt32),             -- Packed (src << 16 | tgt)

    analysis_date DateTime64(3, 'UTC'),

    -- Indexes
    INDEX idx_topology cfg_topology_hash TYPE bloom_filter GRANULARITY 1,
    INDEX idx_complexity cyclomatic_complexity TYPE minmax GRANULARITY 4,
    INDEX idx_block_count block_count TYPE minmax GRANULARITY 4,
    INDEX idx_edge_count edge_count TYPE minmax GRANULARITY 4,
    INDEX idx_call_count call_count TYPE minmax GRANULARITY 4,
    INDEX idx_cfg_instr_count cfg_instructions_count TYPE minmax GRANULARITY 4,
    INDEX idx_loop_count loop_count TYPE minmax GRANULARITY 4,
    INDEX idx_max_depth max_depth TYPE minmax GRANULARITY 4,
    INDEX idx_max_fan_out max_fan_out TYPE minmax GRANULARITY 4,
    INDEX idx_md_topdown md_index_topdown TYPE minmax GRANULARITY 4,
    INDEX idx_md_bottomup md_index_bottomup TYPE minmax GRANULARITY 4,
    INDEX idx_prime prime_product_smali TYPE bloom_filter GRANULARITY 1,
    INDEX idx_cfg_tlsh cfg_feature_tlsh TYPE bloom_filter GRANULARITY 1
) ENGINE = ReplacingMergeTree(analysis_date)
ORDER BY smali_method_hash;
```

**Column mapping (APK → Binja):**

| APK column | Binja column | Notes |
|------------|-------------|-------|
| `smali_method_hash` | `disassembled_function_hash` | Both SHA-256 of normalized code |
| `cfg_instructions_count` | `llil_total_operations` | Dalvik instructions vs LLIL operations |
| `prime_product_smali` | `prime_product_llil` | Same prime algorithm, Dalvik semantic categories |
| All others | Same name | Identical algorithms from shared `cfg_features.py` |

## Table 7: `code_binja_strings_raw` (shared)

APK strings are inserted into the existing `code_binja_strings_raw` Null-engine table,
which feeds materialized views (`code_binja_strings_by_binary`, `mv_string_popularity_public`).
This enables cross-format string correlation between PE/ELF/Mach-O/APK samples.

No new table creation needed — see `docs/new-code-binja-schema.md` for the existing DDL.

## Table 8: `code_apk_analysis_errors`

**Analog:** `function_analysis_errors_binja`

```sql
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS code_apk_analysis_errors (
    sha256 FixedString(64),
    class_name Nullable(String) CODEC(ZSTD(3)),
    method_name Nullable(String) CODEC(ZSTD(3)),
    error_location LowCardinality(String) CODEC(ZSTD(3)),   -- 'jadx', 'apktool', 'androguard', 'analysis'
    error_message Nullable(String) CODEC(ZSTD(3)),
    error_type Nullable(String) CODEC(ZSTD(3)),
    error_hash FixedString(32),                               -- MD5 for dedup
    status Enum8('new' = 1, 'investigating' = 2, 'fixed' = 3, 'wontfix' = 4) DEFAULT 'new',
    analysis_date DateTime64(3, 'UTC')
) ENGINE = MergeTree()
ORDER BY (sha256, error_location, error_hash);
```