Valentina Carapella

12 papers C 1Journal 4Unranked 7
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2020 J jnl
J. Open Source Softw.
Fergus R. Cooper, Ruth E. Baker, Miguel O. Bernabeu, Rafel Bordas, Louise Bowler, Alfonso Bueno-Orovio, Helen M. Byrne, Valentina Carapella, Louie Cardone-Noott, Jonathan Cooper, Sara Dutta, Benjamin D. Evans, Alexander G. Fletcher, James A. Grogan, Wenxian Guo, Daniel G. Harvey, Maurice Hendrix, David Kay, Jochen Kursawe, Philip K. Maini, Beth McMillan, Gary R. Mirams, James M. Osborne, Pras Pathmanathan, Joe Pitt-Francis, Martin Robinson, Blanca Rodríguez, Raymond J. Spiteri, David Gavaghan
2019 C conf
ISM
Edvarda Eriksen, Steven Alexander Hicks, Michael Alexander Riegler, Pål Halvorsen, Valentina Carapella
2019 J jnl
CoRR
Robert Robinson, Vanya V. Valindria, Wenjia Bai, Ozan Oktay, Bernhard Kainz, Hideaki Suzuki, Mihir M. Sanghvi, Nay Aung, José Miguel Paiva, Filip Zemrak, Kenneth Fung, Elena Lukaschuk, Aaron M. Lee, Valentina Carapella, Young Jin Kim, Stefan K. Piechnik, Stefan Neubauer, Steffen E. Petersen, Chris Page, Paul M. Matthews, Daniel Rueckert, Ben Glocker
2019 conf
MICCAI (2)
Evan Hann, Luca Biasiolli, Qiang Zhang, Iulia A. Popescu, Konrad Werys, Elena Lukaschuk, Valentina Carapella, José Miguel Paiva, Nay Aung, Jennifer J. Rayner, Kenneth Fung, Henrike Puchta, Mihir M. Sanghvi, Niall O. Moon, Katharine E. Thomas, Vanessa M. Ferreira, Steffen E. Petersen, Stefan Neubauer, Stefan K. Piechnik
2018 conf
MICCAI (4)
Robert Robinson, Ozan Oktay, Wenjia Bai, Vanya V. Valindria, Mihir M. Sanghvi, Nay Aung, José Miguel Paiva, Filip Zemrak, Kenneth Fung, Elena Lukaschuk, Aaron M. Lee, Valentina Carapella, Young Jin Kim, Bernhard Kainz, Stefan K. Piechnik, Stefan Neubauer, Steffen E. Petersen, Chris Page, Daniel Rueckert, Ben Glocker
2018 J jnl
CoRR
Robert Robinson, Ozan Oktay, Wenjia Bai, Vanya V. Valindria, Mihir Sanghvi, Nay Aung, José Miguel Paiva, Filip Zemrak, Kenneth Fung, Elena Lukaschuk, Aaron M. Lee, Valentina Carapella, Young Jin Kim, Bernhard Kainz, Stefan K. Piechnik, Stefan Neubauer, Steffen E. Petersen, Chris Page, Daniel Rueckert, Ben Glocker
2017 conf
MIUA
Benjamin Villard, Valentina Carapella, Rina Ariga, Vicente Grau, Ernesto Zacur
2017 J jnl
CoRR
Wenjia Bai, Matthew Sinclair, Giacomo Tarroni, Ozan Oktay, Martin Rajchl, Ghislain Vaillant, Aaron M. Lee, Nay Aung, Elena Lukaschuk, Mihir M. Sanghvi, Filip Zemrak, Kenneth Fung, José Miguel Paiva, Valentina Carapella, Young Jin Kim, Hideaki Suzuki, Bernhard Kainz, Paul M. Matthews, Steffen E. Petersen, Stefan K. Piechnik, Stefan Neubauer, Ben Glocker, Daniel Rueckert
2017 conf
BIVPCS/POCUS@MICCAI
Ernesto Zacur, Ana Mincholé, Benjamin Villard, Valentina Carapella, Rina Ariga, Blanca Rodríguez, Vicente Grau
2016 conf
SWAT4LS
Ernesto Jiménez-Ruiz, Valentina Carapella, Elena Lukaschuk, Nay Aung, Kenneth Fung, José Miguel Paiva, Mihir Sanghvi, Stefan Neubauer, Steffen E. Petersen, Ian Horrocks, Stefan K. Piechnik
2016 conf
LABELS/DLMIA@MICCAI
Valentina Carapella, Ernesto Jiménez-Ruiz, Elena Lukaschuk, Nay Aung, Kenneth Fung, José Miguel Paiva, Mihir Sanghvi, Stefan Neubauer, Steffen E. Petersen, Ian Horrocks, Stefan K. Piechnik
2013 conf
FIMH
Valentina Carapella, Rafel Bordas, Pras Pathmanathan, Jürgen E. Schneider, Peter Kohl, Kevin Burrage, Vicente Grau
redb/extractors/js_extractor.py
← Index redb/extractors/js_extractor.py python
import logging
import re
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod

from redb.extractors.extractor import Extractor
from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_context import JSContext, _text_entropy

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# ESM is recognised by line-anchored `import ... from "..."` / bare side-effect
# `import "..."` / top-level `export ...`. Anchored at line start to avoid
# matching the substring inside string literals or comments.
_ESM_PATTERN = re.compile(
    r'(?m)^\s*(?:'
    r'import\s+[^;\n]*?\bfrom\s+[\'"]'
    r'|import\s+[\'"][^\'"]+[\'"]'
    r'|export\s+(?:default\b|\{|\*|const\b|let\b|var\b|function\b|class\b|async\b)'
    r')'
)


@abstractmethod
class JSExtractor(Extractor, metaclass=ABCMeta):
    """Base class for JavaScript file extractors.

    Every JSExtractor reads its raw materials (bytes / decoded source / line
    list / scan_source results / pyjsparser AST / text entropy) from a shared
    `JSContext`. When workers.py drives the JS pipeline it builds one context
    per sample and threads it into every extractor via `context=`. When tests
    or other callers instantiate an extractor directly, the constructor builds
    a fresh context from `(filepath, source=...)`.

    All historical instance attributes (`self.binary`, `self.js_source`,
    `self.lines`) and helpers (`self._decode_source`, `self._parse_ast`,
    `self._calculate_text_entropy`) are preserved as thin delegators so
    existing extractor code keeps working unchanged.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        filepath,
        log,
        exporters=None,
        index_prefix=None,
        known_benign=False,
        known_malicious=False,
        source=None,
        context=None,
    ):
        if context is None:
            context = JSContext.from_path(filepath, log=log, source=source)
        elif source is not None and context.source != source:
            log.warning(
                "JSExtractor received both `source=` and `context=` with "
                "differing source; ignoring source kwarg"
            )
        self._context = context

        super().__init__(
            filepath,
            log,
            exporters,
            index_prefix,
            known_benign=known_benign,
            known_malicious=known_malicious,
        )

    @property
    def binary(self):
        return self._context.raw_bytes

    @property
    def js_source(self):
        return self._context.source

    @property
    def lines(self):
        return self._context.lines

    def _decode_source(self):
        """Back-compat shim — the context already decoded once at construction.

        Kept so any external caller using the historical method name keeps
        working without touching the underlying bytes again.
        """
        return self._context.source

    def _parse_ast(self):
        """Return the shared pyjsparser AST (or None if unavailable)."""
        return self._context.ast

    def _calculate_text_entropy(self, text):
        """Shannon text entropy for `text`.

        When `text` is the context's own source we read the cached value;
        otherwise we compute fresh. JSStringsExtractor calls this on arbitrary
        decoded substrings, so the fresh-compute path must remain available.
        """
        if text is self._context.source:
            return self._context.text_entropy
        return _text_entropy(text)

    def _detect_environment(self):
        """Detect the target JS runtime environment."""
        src = self.js_source
        if not src:
            return "unknown"

        # WScript/WSH indicators
        wscript_patterns = [
            'WScript.', 'WSH.', 'ActiveXObject', 'Scripting.FileSystemObject',
            'WScript.Shell', 'ADODB.Stream',
        ]
        for p in wscript_patterns:
            if p in src:
                return "wscript"

        # Browser-extension APIs — checked before generic browser/worker because
        # `chrome.*` and `browser.runtime` are distinctive of MV2/MV3 extensions
        extension_patterns = [
            'chrome.runtime', 'chrome.tabs', 'chrome.storage',
            'chrome.webRequest', 'browser.runtime', 'browser.tabs',
        ]
        for p in extension_patterns:
            if p in src:
                return "browser_extension"

        # Service / Web Workers — worker-only APIs that don't appear in regular
        # browser pages (a generic browser script would use `window.` or
        # `document.`, never `self.importScripts` or `caches.match`)
        worker_patterns = [
            "self.addEventListener('fetch'", 'self.addEventListener("fetch"',
            'self.importScripts', 'self.skipWaiting',
            'caches.match', 'caches.open',
        ]
        for p in worker_patterns:
            if p in src:
                return "service_worker"

        # Deno runtime
        if 'Deno.' in src:
            return "deno"

        # Node.js indicators
        node_patterns = [
            'require(', 'module.exports', 'process.env', '__dirname',
            '__filename', 'Buffer.', 'child_process',
        ]
        for p in node_patterns:
            if p in src:
                return "node"

        # Browser indicators
        browser_patterns = [
            'document.', 'window.', 'navigator.', 'localStorage',
            'sessionStorage', 'XMLHttpRequest', 'addEventListener',
        ]
        for p in browser_patterns:
            if p in src:
                return "browser"

        return "unknown"

    def _detect_script_type(self):
        """Detect the script type/format."""
        src = self.js_source
        if not src:
            return "unknown"

        stripped = src.lstrip()

        # JScript.Encode payload — must be checked first since the encoded
        # body can't be classified any other way
        if stripped.startswith('#@~^'):
            return "jse"

        # WSF / HTA live in the first few KB of an HTML-ish wrapper
        head_lower = stripped[:4096].lower()

        # Windows Script File — XML wrapper around one or more <script> blocks
        if ('<job' in head_lower or '<package' in head_lower) and '<script' in head_lower:
            return "wsf"

        # HTML Application — distinct from generic embedded_html because HTAs
        # run under mshta.exe with full WSH/ActiveX access
        if '<hta:application' in head_lower or 'application/hta' in head_lower:
            return "hta"

        if stripped.startswith('<!') or stripped.startswith('<html') or '<script' in stripped[:2000]:
            return "embedded_html"

        if 'WScript.' in src or 'WSH.' in src:
            return "wscript"

        if _ESM_PATTERN.search(src):
            return "esm"

        if 'require(' in src or 'module.exports' in src:
            return "node_module"

        return "standalone"