Ran Pang

19 papers B 1Journal 11Unranked 7
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2025 conf
APNet
Mengyao Han, Ying Liu, Ran Pang, Zheng Ruan, Lei Huang, Naihan Zhang, Chang Cao, Tao Huang, Xiongyan Tang
2025 conf
VTC2025-Spring
Naihan Zhang, Xinxin Yi, Ran Pang, Gui Wen, Chong Zheng, Qiangzhou Gao, Mengyao Han, Chang Cao, Tao Huang, Xiongyan Tang
2025 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
Song Ye, Xiao Liang, Chao Wang, Ran Pang, Bingkai Qiu
2025 J jnl
Proc. ACM Manag. Data
Haitao Zhang, Ran Pang, Yuanyuan Zhu, Hao Zhang, Congli Gao, Ming Zhong, Jiawei Jiang, Tieyun Qian, Jeffrey Xu Yu
2024 conf
I2MTC
Ran Pang, Chao Wang, Dong Qian, Hongbing Ding, Hongjun Sun
2024 J jnl
CoRR
Ting-Ruen Wei, Michele Hell, Dang Bich Thuy Le, Aren Vierra, Ran Pang, Mahesh Patel, Young Kang, Yuling Yan
2024 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
Song Ye, Chao Wang, Ran Pang, Bingkai Qiu
2023 J jnl
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens.
Ran Pang, Fang Gao, Peng Zhang, Xiangkun Li, Yuwei Zhai
2023 conf
I2MTC
Chao Wang, Linshuo Zhao, Ran Pang, Jiamin Ye
2022 J jnl
IEEE Access
Liang Lv, Zhongyuan Yao, Enming Wang, Xin Ren, Ran Pang, Hua Wang, Yu Zhang, Hao Wu
2022 J jnl
RFC
Giuseppe Fioccola, Tianran Zhou, Mauro Cociglio, Fengwei Qin, Ran Pang
2021 conf
NaNA
Ran Pang, Hui Li, Yuefeng Ji, Guangquan Wang, Chang Cao
2021 conf
I2MTC
Chao Wang, Ran Pang, Qingqing Cao, Jiamin Ye
2020 J jnl
BMC Bioinform.
Wei Du, Yu Sun, Gaoyang Li, Huansheng Cao, Ran Pang, Ying Li
2020 J jnl
IEEE Access
Wei Du, Ran Pang, Gaoyang Li, Huansheng Cao, Ying Li, Yanchun Liang
2017 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Multim.
Quanzeng You, Ran Pang, Liangliang Cao, Jiebo Luo
2016 J jnl
CoRR
Quanzeng You, Ran Pang, Jiebo Luo
2015 conf
IEEE BigData
Ran Pang, Agustin Baretto, Henry A. Kautz, Jiebo Luo
2005 B conf
WiOpt
Peter Marbach, Ran Pang
redb/extractors/js_extractors/js_strings.py
← Index redb/extractors/js_extractors/js_strings.py python
import base64
import bisect
import inspect
import re
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Any

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.js_extractor import JSExtractor
from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_patterns import STRING_PATTERNS, line_offsets

# Local aliases for the compiled patterns this extractor uses. Defined and
# compiled exactly once in js_patterns.STRING_PATTERNS.
_HEX_STRING_RE = STRING_PATTERNS["hex_escape_seq"]
_UNICODE_STRING_RE = STRING_PATTERNS["unicode_escape_seq"]
_CHARCODE_RE = STRING_PATTERNS["charcode_call"]
_BASE64_STRING_RE = STRING_PATTERNS["base64_quoted"]
_CONCAT_STRING_RE = STRING_PATTERNS["concat_chain"]

# Tokeniser used inside _reconstruct_concat to pull each quoted part out of a
# matched concat chain. Compiled once at module load (was recompiled on every
# concat match before).
_CONCAT_TOKEN_RE = re.compile(r'["\']([^"\']*)["\']')


class JSStringsExtractor(JSExtractor):

    def __init__(
        self, filepath, log, exporters=None, index_prefix=None,
        known_benign=False, known_malicious=False, source=None, context=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath, log, exporters, index_prefix,
            known_benign, known_malicious, source, context=context,
        )
        self.string_findings = None
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

    def tag(self):
        return Tag.JS_STRINGS.value

    def _decode_hex_string(self, hex_str):
        """Decode \\x41\\x42 style hex strings."""
        try:
            # Remove \\x prefix and decode
            clean = hex_str.replace('\\x', '')
            return bytes.fromhex(clean).decode('utf-8', errors='replace')
        except Exception:
            return None

    def _decode_unicode_string(self, uni_str):
        """Decode \\u0041\\u0042 style unicode strings."""
        try:
            return uni_str.encode('utf-8').decode('unicode_escape')
        except Exception:
            return None

    def _decode_charcode(self, charcode_str):
        """Decode String.fromCharCode(72, 101, 108, ...) sequences."""
        try:
            codes = [int(c.strip()) for c in charcode_str.split(',') if c.strip().isdigit()]
            return ''.join(chr(c) for c in codes if 0 <= c <= 0x10FFFF)
        except Exception:
            return None

    def _decode_base64(self, b64_str):
        """Attempt to decode base64 string."""
        try:
            decoded = base64.b64decode(b64_str)
            # Check if result is printable text
            text = decoded.decode('utf-8', errors='strict')
            # Only return if it looks like text (>80% printable)
            printable = sum(1 for c in text if c.isprintable() or c in '\n\r\t')
            if printable / len(text) > 0.8:
                return text
        except Exception:
            pass
        return None

    def _reconstruct_concat(self, concat_match):
        """Reconstruct concatenated string parts."""
        try:
            parts = _CONCAT_TOKEN_RE.findall(concat_match)
            return ''.join(parts)
        except Exception:
            return None

    def _find_line_number(self, match_start):
        """1-indexed line number for `match_start`, looked up in O(log L) via
        bisect over `self._line_offsets` (built once per extract() call).

        Replaces the historical `self.js_source[:match_start].count('\\n') + 1`
        which was O(N) per call and quadratic across all matches in a sample.
        """
        return bisect.bisect_right(self._line_offsets, match_start)

    def _scan_text(self, text):
        """Run every encoded-string pattern over `text` and return a list of
        finding dicts. Stateless apart from the per-call `_line_offsets` cache,
        which `_find_line_number` reads — callers must reset it before invoking
        this so line numbers reference the text being scanned, not the previous
        one.
        """
        findings = []

        # Hex-encoded strings
        for m in _HEX_STRING_RE.finditer(text):
            raw = m.group()
            decoded = self._decode_hex_string(raw)
            if decoded and len(decoded) >= 4:
                findings.append({
                    'string': decoded[:4000],
                    'string_raw': raw[:4000],
                    'string_encoding': 'hex',
                    'string_offset': self._find_line_number(m.start()),
                    'string_length': len(decoded),
                    'string_raw_length': len(raw),
                    'string_entropy': self._calculate_text_entropy(decoded),
                })

        # Unicode-encoded strings
        for m in _UNICODE_STRING_RE.finditer(text):
            raw = m.group()
            decoded = self._decode_unicode_string(raw)
            if decoded and len(decoded) >= 3:
                findings.append({
                    'string': decoded[:4000],
                    'string_raw': raw[:4000],
                    'string_encoding': 'unicode',
                    'string_offset': self._find_line_number(m.start()),
                    'string_length': len(decoded),
                    'string_raw_length': len(raw),
                    'string_entropy': self._calculate_text_entropy(decoded),
                })

        # String.fromCharCode sequences
        for m in _CHARCODE_RE.finditer(text):
            raw = m.group()
            decoded = self._decode_charcode(m.group(1))
            if decoded and len(decoded) >= 4:
                findings.append({
                    'string': decoded[:4000],
                    'string_raw': raw[:4000],
                    'string_encoding': 'charcode',
                    'string_offset': self._find_line_number(m.start()),
                    'string_length': len(decoded),
                    'string_raw_length': len(raw),
                    'string_entropy': self._calculate_text_entropy(decoded),
                })

        # Base64-encoded strings
        for m in _BASE64_STRING_RE.finditer(text):
            raw = m.group(0)
            b64_val = m.group(1)
            decoded = self._decode_base64(b64_val)
            if decoded and len(decoded) >= 10:
                findings.append({
                    'string': decoded[:4000],
                    'string_raw': raw[:4000],
                    'string_encoding': 'base64',
                    'string_offset': self._find_line_number(m.start()),
                    'string_length': len(decoded),
                    'string_raw_length': len(raw),
                    'string_entropy': self._calculate_text_entropy(decoded),
                })

        # Concatenated strings (reassembled)
        for m in _CONCAT_STRING_RE.finditer(text):
            raw = m.group()
            reconstructed = self._reconstruct_concat(raw)
            if reconstructed and len(reconstructed) >= 20:
                findings.append({
                    'string': reconstructed[:4000],
                    'string_raw': raw[:4000],
                    'string_encoding': 'concat',
                    'string_offset': self._find_line_number(m.start()),
                    'string_length': len(reconstructed),
                    'string_raw_length': len(raw),
                    'string_entropy': self._calculate_text_entropy(reconstructed),
                })

        return findings

    def extract(self):
        src = self.js_source
        if not src:
            return None

        # Pass 1: raw source. _line_offsets is keyed off whichever text is
        # currently being scanned so _find_line_number resolves to that text.
        self._line_offsets = line_offsets(src)
        findings = self._scan_text(src)

        # Pass 2: deobfuscated text, when the deobfuscator produced something
        # meaningfully different. Same patterns, but a different surface — for
        # samples where the encoded payload is hidden behind an outer wrapper
        # (e.g. array.join() + eval in Vjw0rm/WSH-RAT) only this pass yields
        # any rows at all.
        deobf_text, _ = self._context.deobfuscated
        if deobf_text and deobf_text != src:
            self._line_offsets = line_offsets(deobf_text)
            findings.extend(self._scan_text(deobf_text))

        if not findings:
            return None

        # Deduplicate by decoded string value (raw pass wins on collision: it
        # comes first in `findings`). A string that surfaces only in the
        # deobfuscated text still gets persisted, which is the whole point of
        # the second pass.
        seen_values = set()
        deduped = []
        for f in findings:
            val_key = f['string'][:100]
            if val_key not in seen_values:
                seen_values.add(val_key)
                deduped.append(f)

        self.string_findings = deduped[:500]  # Limit per file
        # Publish to the shared context so post-loop consumers (notably the IOC
        # plumbing in workers.py) can scrape the decoded strings without
        # holding a reference to this extractor instance.
        self._context.decoded_strings = self.string_findings
        return self.string_findings

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        if exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            if not self.string_findings:
                return None

            data = []
            for f in self.string_findings:
                data.append([
                    self.sha256,
                    f['string'],
                    f['string_raw'],
                    f['string_encoding'],
                    f['string_offset'],
                    f['string_length'],
                    f['string_raw_length'],
                    f['string_entropy'],
                ])

            column_names = [
                "sha256",
                "string",
                "string_raw",
                "string_encoding",
                "string_offset",
                "string_length",
                "string_raw_length",
                "string_entropy",
            ]

            column_type_names = [
                "FixedString(64)",
                "String",
                "String",
                "LowCardinality(String)",
                "UInt64",
                "UInt32",
                "UInt32",
                "Float32",
            ]

            return (data, column_names, column_type_names)

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        return "code_binja_strings_raw"