Ramsha Ahmed

20 papers Journal 16Unranked 4
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2025 J jnl
Internet Things
Wilayat Khan, Bilal Hassan, Ramsha Ahmed, Muhammad Nasir Mumtaz Bhutta, Jawad Yousaf, Kais Belwafi, Mohamed Jleli, Bessem Samet, Taimur Hassan
2023 J jnl
Comput. Biol. Medicine
Ramsha Ahmed, Aamna Al Shehhi, Bilal Hassan, Naoufel Werghi, Mohamed L. Seghier
2023 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
Bilal Hassan, Taimur Hassan, Ramsha Ahmed, Naoufel Werghi, Jorge Dias
2022 J jnl
Remote. Sens.
Sarah Mazhar, Guangmin Sun, Anas Bilal, Bilal Hassan, Yu Li, Junjie Zhang, Yinyi Lin, Ali Khan, Ramsha Ahmed, Taimur Hassan
2022 J jnl
Digit. Signal Process.
Ramsha Ahmed, Yueyun Chen, Bilal Hassan
2022 J jnl
IEEE Internet Things J.
Ramsha Ahmed, Yueyun Chen, Bilal Hassan, Liping Du, Taimur Hassan, Jorge Dias
2021 J jnl
CoRR
Bilal Hassan, Taimur Hassan, Ramsha Ahmed, Shiyin Qin, Naoufel Werghi
2021 J jnl
Biomed. Signal Process. Control.
Bilal Hassan, Shiyin Qin, Taimur Hassan, Muhammad Usman Akram, Ramsha Ahmed, Naoufel Werghi
2021 J jnl
Ad Hoc Networks
Ramsha Ahmed, Yueyun Chen, Bilal Hassan, Liping Du
2021 J jnl
Comput. Biol. Medicine
Bilal Hassan, Shiyin Qin, Ramsha Ahmed, Taimur Hassan, Abdel Hakeem Taguri, Shahrukh Hashmi, Naoufel Werghi
2021 J jnl
Ad Hoc Networks
Ramsha Ahmed, Yueyun Chen, Bilal Hassan
2021 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
Bilal Hassan, Shiyin Qin, Taimur Hassan, Ramsha Ahmed, Naoufel Werghi
2020 conf
ISSPIT
Bilal Hassan, Shiyin Qin, Ramsha Ahmed
2020 conf
ISSPIT
Bilal Hassan, Shiyin Qin, Ramsha Ahmed
2020 J jnl
CoRR
Bilal Hassan, Ramsha Ahmed, Taimur Hassan, Naoufel Werghi
2019 J jnl
IEEE Access
Bilal Hassan, Ramsha Ahmed, Bo Li, Omar Hassan
2019 J jnl
Sensors
Bilal Hassan, Taimur Hassan, Bo Li, Ramsha Ahmed, Omar Hassan
2018 J jnl
Multim. Tools Appl.
Ramsha Ahmed, Muhammad Mohsin Riaz, Abdul Ghafoor
2018 conf
ISSPIT
Bilal Hassan, Ramsha Ahmed, Bo Li
2018 conf
ISSPIT
Ramsha Ahmed, Bilal Hassan, Bo Li
redb/extractors/elf_extractors/elf_dependencies.py
← Index redb/extractors/elf_extractors/elf_dependencies.py python
import inspect
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Any, List, Dict

from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
from elftools.common.exceptions import ELFError

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.elf_extractor import ELFExtractor
from redb.models.dataclasses import ELFDependency


class ELFDependencyExtractor(ELFExtractor):

    def __init__(
        self,
        filepath,
        log,
        exporters=None,
        index_prefix=None,
        elastic_index=None,
        known_benign=False,
        known_malicious=False,
        elf=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath,
            log,
            exporters,
            index_prefix,
            elastic_index,
            known_benign,
            known_malicious,
            elf,
        )
        self.elf_dependencies = []
        self.elastic_index = self.index_prefix + "-elf_dependencies"
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

    def _map_dependency_type(self, dt_tag_str: str) -> int:
        """Map dynamic tag string to enum value."""
        type_map = {
            'DT_NEEDED': 1,
            'DT_SONAME': 14,
            'DT_RPATH': 15,
            'DT_RUNPATH': 29
        }
        return type_map.get(dt_tag_str, 0)

    def _extract_dynamic_dependencies(self, elf) -> List[Dict]:
        """Extract dependencies from the dynamic section."""
        dependencies = []

        try:
            # Get the dynamic section
            dynamic_section = elf.get_section_by_name('.dynamic')
            if not dynamic_section:
                self.log.debug("No .dynamic section found")
                return dependencies

            # Iterate through dynamic tags
            for tag in dynamic_section.iter_tags():
                dt_tag = tag.entry.d_tag

                # Handle different dependency types
                if dt_tag == 'DT_NEEDED':
                    # Required library
                    dependency_name = tag.needed
                    dependencies.append(ELFDependency(
                        dependency_name=dependency_name,
                        dependency_type=self._map_dependency_type('DT_NEEDED'),
                        dependency_type_str='NEEDED'
                    ))

                elif dt_tag == 'DT_SONAME':
                    # Shared object name
                    dependency_name = tag.soname
                    dependencies.append(ELFDependency(
                        dependency_name=dependency_name,
                        dependency_type=self._map_dependency_type('DT_SONAME'),
                        dependency_type_str='SONAME'
                    ))

                elif dt_tag == 'DT_RPATH':
                    # Runtime library search path
                    dependency_name = tag.rpath
                    dependencies.append(ELFDependency(
                        dependency_name=dependency_name,
                        dependency_type=self._map_dependency_type('DT_RPATH'),
                        dependency_type_str='RPATH'
                    ))

                elif dt_tag == 'DT_RUNPATH':
                    # Runtime library search path (newer)
                    dependency_name = tag.runpath
                    dependencies.append(ELFDependency(
                        dependency_name=dependency_name,
                        dependency_type=self._map_dependency_type('DT_RUNPATH'),
                        dependency_type_str='RUNPATH'
                    ))

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting dynamic dependencies: {e}")

        return dependencies

    def tag(self):
        return Tag.ELF_DEPENDENCIES.value if hasattr(Tag, 'ELF_DEPENDENCIES') else "elf_dependencies"

    def extract(self):
        try:
            self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

            def extract_data(elf):
                # Extract dependencies - returns list of ELFDependency dataclasses
                dependencies = self._extract_dynamic_dependencies(elf)
                return dependencies

            if not self._is_elf_file():
                return None

            result = self._with_elf_file(extract_data)
            if result is None:
                return None

            self.elf_dependencies = result
            return self.elf_dependencies

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting ELF dependencies {self.hash.sha256}: {e}")
            return None

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

        if exporter_type == "ElasticsearchExporter":
            return self.elf_dependencies
        elif exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            try:
                # Return valid empty structure if no dependencies (e.g., statically linked binary)
                # None is reserved for actual errors

                # Prepare data arrays for all dependencies
                data = []
                current_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
                for dep in self.elf_dependencies:
                    row = [
                        self.sha256,
                        self.md5,
                        self.sha1,
                        dep.dependency_name,
                        dep.dependency_type,
                        dep.dependency_type_str,
                        current_time
                    ]
                    data.append(row)

                column_names = [
                    'sha256', 'md5', 'sha1',
                    'dependency_name', 'dependency_type', 'dependency_type_str',
                    'analysis_date'
                ]

                if not data:
                    return None

                column_type_names = [
                    'FixedString(64)', 'FixedString(32)', 'FixedString(40)',
                    'LowCardinality(String)',
                    "Enum8('NEEDED'=1, 'SONAME'=14, 'RPATH'=15, 'RUNPATH'=29)",
                    'LowCardinality(String)',
                    'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')'
                ]

                return (data, column_names, column_type_names)

            except Exception as e:
                self.log.error(f"Error preparing export data: {e}")
                raise

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        return "redb_elf_dependencies"