Ramin Fuladi

19 papers B 3C 1Misc 1Journal 6Unranked 8
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2026 J jnl
IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.
Ayat Zaki Hindi, Paola Soto, Germán Castellanos, Touhid Hossain Pritom, Gaetano Volpe, Iskander Zellagui, Burkhard Hensel, Julian Jimenez, Michele Marvulli, Luís Santos, Ayse Sayin, Jean-Sébastien Sottet, Wasim A. Ali, Inès El Korbi, Ion Turcanu, Andrey Belogaev, André Duarte, Ultan Kelly, Sumit Kumar, Georgy Myagkov, Stephen Parker, Mario Franke, Shajjad Hossain, Rajarshi Sanyal, Nida Shafi, Christoph Sommer, Miguel Camelo, Julien Baudouin, Régis Decorme, Maria Pia Fanti, Ramin Fuladi, Chris Murphy, Ana Pereira, Sidi Mohammed Senouci, Simon Pryor, Sébastien Faye
2025 B conf
PIMRC
Thulitha Senevirathna, Betül Güvenç Paltun, Ramin Fuladi, Shen Wang, Madhusanka Liyanage
2025 B conf
NetSoft
Ramin Fuladi, Bilal Çiçek
2025 C conf
ISNCC
Leyli Karaçay, Ferhat Karakoç, Ramin Fuladi
2025 conf
EuCNC/6G Summit
Betül Güvenç Paltun, Ramin Fuladi, Rim El Malki
2025 J jnl
CoRR
Betül Güvenç Paltun, Ramin Fuladi, Rim El Malki
2024 B conf
ENASE
Ramin Fuladi, Khadija Hanifi
2024 J jnl
IEEE Access
Loay Abdelrazek, Ramin Fuladi, János Kövér, Leyli Karaçay, Utku Gülen
2024 conf
CSNet
Ferhat Karakoç, Betül Güvenç Paltun, Leyli Karaçay, Ömer Faruk Tuna, Ramin Fuladi, Utku Gülen
2024 J jnl
IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.
Ferhat Karakoç, Betül Güvenç Paltun, Leyli Karaçay, Ömer Faruk Tuna, Ramin Fuladi, Utku Gülen
2024 conf
EuCNC/6G Summit
Sébastien Faye, Miguel Camelo, Jean-Sébastien Sottet, Christoph Sommer, Mario Franke, Julien Baudouin, Germán Castellanos, Régis Decorme, Maria Pia Fanti, Ramin Fuladi, Gunes Kesik, Beatriz Mendes, Chris Murphy, Stephen Parker, Simon Pryor, Sidi Mohammed Senouci, Ion Turcanu
2024 conf
CSNet
Betül Güvenç Paltun, Ramin Fuladi
2024 conf
BlackSeaCom
Fahri Sinan, Ramin Fuladi, Emin Anarim
2024 Misc conf
CSR
Leyli Karaçay, Ahmet Cihat Baktir, Ramin Fuladi, Elham Dehghan Biyar, Ömer Faruk Tuna, Ipek Arikan
2024 J jnl
Ann. des Télécommunications
Ramin Fuladi, Tuncer Baykas, Emin Anarim
2023 J jnl
Comput. Commun.
Ferhat Karakoç, Leyli Karaçay, Pinar Çomak De Cnudde, Utku Gülen, Ramin Fuladi, Elif Ustundag Soykan
2023 conf
6GNet
Ramin Fuladi, Tuncer Baykas, Emin Anarim
2023 conf
SecITC
Engincan Varan, Khadija Hanifi, Aysegul Rana Erdemli, Musa Unal, Yunus Emre Tat, Dilara Tekinoglu, Orçun Çetin, Ramin Fuladi, Cemal Yilmaz
2022 conf
AI6G@WCCI
Ferhat Karakoç, Leyli Karaçay, Pinar Çomak, Utku Gülen, Ramin Fuladi, Elif Ustundag Soykan
redb/extractors/elf_extractors/elf_imports.py
← Index redb/extractors/elf_extractors/elf_imports.py python
import inspect
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Any, List, Set

from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
from elftools.common.exceptions import ELFError

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.elf_extractor import ELFExtractor
from redb.models.dataclasses import ELFImport


class ELFImportExtractor(ELFExtractor):

    def __init__(
        self,
        filepath,
        log,
        exporters=None,
        index_prefix=None,
        elastic_index=None,
        known_benign=False,
        known_malicious=False,
        elf=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath,
            log,
            exporters,
            index_prefix,
            elastic_index,
            known_benign,
            known_malicious,
            elf,
        )
        self.elf_imports = None
        self.elastic_index = self.index_prefix + "-elf_imports"
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

    def _get_import_libraries(self, elf) -> List[str]:
        """Extract imported libraries from dynamic section."""
        libraries = []

        try:
            # Get the dynamic section
            dynamic_section = elf.get_section_by_name('.dynamic')
            if not dynamic_section:
                return libraries

            # Extract DT_NEEDED entries (required libraries)
            for tag in dynamic_section.iter_tags():
                if tag.entry.d_tag == 'DT_NEEDED':
                    libraries.append(tag.needed)

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting import libraries: {e}")

        return libraries

    def _get_imported_functions_from_symbols(self, elf) -> Set[str]:
        """Extract imported functions from dynamic symbol table."""
        imported_functions = set()

        try:
            # Get the dynamic symbol table
            dynsym_section = elf.get_section_by_name('.dynsym')
            if not dynsym_section or not hasattr(dynsym_section, 'iter_symbols'):
                return imported_functions

            # Look for undefined symbols (imports)
            for symbol in dynsym_section.iter_symbols():
                # Check if symbol is undefined (imported)
                if (symbol.entry.get('st_shndx', 0) == 'SHN_UNDEF' and
                    symbol.name and
                    symbol.entry.get('st_info', {}).get('bind') in ['STB_GLOBAL', 'STB_WEAK']):
                    imported_functions.add(symbol.name)

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting imported functions from symbols: {e}")

        return imported_functions

    def _get_imported_functions_from_relocations(self, elf) -> Set[str]:
        """Extract imported functions from relocation sections."""
        imported_functions = set()

        try:
            # Look through relocation sections
            for section in elf.iter_sections():
                if hasattr(section, 'iter_relocations'):
                    try:
                        for relocation in section.iter_relocations():
                            # Get symbol associated with relocation
                            if hasattr(relocation, 'symbol') and relocation.symbol:
                                symbol_name = relocation.symbol.name
                                if symbol_name:
                                    imported_functions.add(symbol_name)
                    except Exception as e:
                        self.log.debug(f"Could not process relocations in section {section.name}: {e}")

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting imported functions from relocations: {e}")

        return imported_functions

    def _get_plt_functions(self, elf) -> Set[str]:
        """Extract functions from PLT (Procedure Linkage Table) sections."""
        plt_functions = set()

        try:
            # Look for PLT-related sections
            plt_sections = ['.plt', '.plt.got', '.plt.sec']

            for section_name in plt_sections:
                section = elf.get_section_by_name(section_name)
                if section:
                    # PLT functions are typically associated with relocations
                    # We'll get them from the relocation analysis
                    pass

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting PLT functions: {e}")

        return plt_functions

    def tag(self):
        return Tag.ELF_IMPORTS.value if hasattr(Tag, 'ELF_IMPORTS') else "elf_imports"

    def extract(self):
        try:
            self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

            def extract_data(elf):
                # Extract import libraries
                import_libraries = self._get_import_libraries(elf)

                # Extract imported functions from multiple sources
                imported_functions = set()

                # From dynamic symbols
                symbol_imports = self._get_imported_functions_from_symbols(elf)
                imported_functions.update(symbol_imports)

                # From relocations
                relocation_imports = self._get_imported_functions_from_relocations(elf)
                imported_functions.update(relocation_imports)

                # From PLT
                plt_imports = self._get_plt_functions(elf)
                imported_functions.update(plt_imports)

                # Convert to sorted lists for consistent output
                import_libraries_list = sorted(list(set(import_libraries)))
                import_functions_list = sorted(list(imported_functions))

                # Return ELFImport dataclass
                return ELFImport(
                    elf_imports_total=len(import_functions_list),
                    elf_import_libraries=import_libraries_list,
                    elf_import_functions=import_functions_list,
                )

            if not self._is_elf_file():
                return None

            result = self._with_elf_file(extract_data)
            if result is None:
                return None

            self.elf_imports = result
            return self.elf_imports

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting ELF imports {self.hash.sha256}: {e}")
            return None

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

        if exporter_type == "ElasticsearchExporter":
            return self.elf_imports
        elif exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            try:
                if not self.elf_imports:
                    return None

                # Prepare data array
                data = [[
                    self.sha256,
                    self.md5,
                    self.sha1,
                    self.elf_imports.elf_imports_total,
                    self.elf_imports.elf_import_libraries,
                    self.elf_imports.elf_import_functions,
                    datetime.now(timezone.utc)
                ]]

                column_names = [
                    'sha256', 'md5', 'sha1',
                    'elf_imports_total',
                    'elf_import_libraries',
                    'elf_import_functions',
                    'analysis_date'
                ]

                column_type_names = [
                    'FixedString(64)', 'FixedString(32)', 'FixedString(40)',
                    'UInt32',
                    'Array(LowCardinality(String))',
                    'Array(LowCardinality(String))',
                    'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')'
                ]

                if not data:
                    return None

                return (data, column_names, column_type_names)

            except Exception as e:
                self.log.error(f"Error preparing export data: {e}")
                raise

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        return "redb_elf_imports"