Ralph E. Steuer

47 papers C 3Journal 41Unranked 2
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2025 J jnl
Ann. Oper. Res.
Yue Qi, Ralph E. Steuer
2025 J jnl
Ann. Oper. Res.
Sebastian Utz, Ralph E. Steuer
2024 J jnl
Eur. J. Oper. Res.
Ralph E. Steuer, Yue Qi, Maximilian Wimmer
2024 J jnl
IEEE Access
Bhupinder Singh Saini, Kaisa Miettinen, Kathrin Klamroth, Ralph E. Steuer, Kerstin Dächert
2023 J jnl
Eur. J. Oper. Res.
Ralph E. Steuer, Sebastian Utz
2020 J jnl
Ann. Oper. Res.
Yue Qi, Ralph E. Steuer
2020 J jnl
Ann. Oper. Res.
Panos Xidonas, Ralph E. Steuer, Christis Hassapis
2019 J jnl
Eur. J. Oper. Res.
Craig A. Piercy, Ralph E. Steuer
2018 J jnl
Ann. Oper. Res.
Ralph E. Steuer, José Rui Figueira, Hatem Masri
2018 J jnl
J. Oper. Res. Soc.
Belaïd Aouni, Michalis Doumpos, Blanca Pérez-Gladish, Ralph E. Steuer
2017 J jnl
Ann. Oper. Res.
Yue Qi, Ralph E. Steuer, Maximilian Wimmer
2016 J jnl
J. Glob. Optim.
Ralph E. Steuer, Markus Hirschberger, Kalyanmoy Deb
2016 J jnl
Eur. J. Oper. Res.
Chiang Kao, Ralph E. Steuer
2015 J jnl
Eur. J. Oper. Res.
Sebastian Utz, Maximilian Wimmer, Ralph E. Steuer
2014 J jnl
Eur. J. Oper. Res.
Sebastian Utz, Maximilian Wimmer, Markus Hirschberger, Ralph E. Steuer
2013 J jnl
Oper. Res.
Markus Hirschberger, Ralph E. Steuer, Sebastian Utz, Maximilian Wimmer, Yue Qi
2011 C conf
EMO
Kalyanmoy Deb, Ralph E. Steuer, Rajat Tewari, Rahul Tewari
2011 J jnl
Decis. Support Syst.
Ralph E. Steuer, Yue Qi, Markus Hirschberger
2010 J jnl
Eur. J. Oper. Res.
Jian-Bo Yang, Brandon Yu Han Wong, Dong-Ling Xu, Xinbao Liu, Ralph E. Steuer
2010 J jnl
Eur. J. Oper. Res.
Markus Hirschberger, Yue Qi, Ralph E. Steuer
2010 J jnl
Eur. J. Oper. Res.
Mariano Luque, Francisco Ruiz, Ralph E. Steuer
2009 J jnl
INFOR Inf. Syst. Oper. Res.
Yue Qi, Markus Hirschberger, Ralph E. Steuer
2008 J jnl
Manag. Sci.
Jyrki Wallenius, James S. Dyer, Peter C. Fishburn, Ralph E. Steuer, Stanley Zionts, Kalyanmoy Deb
2007 J jnl
Eur. J. Oper. Res.
Markus Hirschberger, Yue Qi, Ralph E. Steuer
2007 J jnl
Ann. Oper. Res.
Ralph E. Steuer, Yue Qi, Markus Hirschberger
2005 conf
Practical Approaches to Multi-Objective Optimization
Jürgen Branke, Kalyanmoy Deb, Kaisa Miettinen, Ralph E. Steuer
2005 conf
Practical Approaches to Multi-Objective Optimization
Jürgen Branke, Kalyanmoy Deb, Kaisa Miettinen, Ralph E. Steuer
2005 J jnl
Eur. J. Oper. Res.
Ralph E. Steuer, Craig A. Piercy
2005 ed.
Practical Approaches to Multi-Objective Optimization
Jürgen Branke, Kalyanmoy Deb, Kaisa Miettinen, Ralph E. Steuer
2003 J jnl
Eur. J. Oper. Res.
Ralph E. Steuer, Paul Na
2003 J jnl
Bioinform.
Ralph E. Steuer, Jürgen Kurths, Oliver Fiehn, Wolfram Weckwerth
2002 C conf
ECCB
Ralph E. Steuer, Jürgen Kurths, Carsten O. Daub, Janko Weise, Joachim Selbig
2001 C conf
EMO
Ralph E. Steuer
2000 J jnl
Comput. Oper. Res.
Minghe Sun, Antonie Stam, Ralph E. Steuer
1997 J jnl
Oper. Res.
Pekka Korhonen, Seppo Salo, Ralph E. Steuer
1996 J jnl
INFORMS J. Comput.
Minghe Sun, Ralph E. Steuer
1995 J jnl
Oper. Res.
Ralph E. Steuer, Minghe Sun
1994 J jnl
Comput. Optim. Appl.
Ralph E. Steuer
1992 J jnl
Comput. Oper. Res.
Ralph E. Steuer
1990 J jnl
ZOR Methods Model. Oper. Res.
Ralph E. Steuer
1983 J jnl
Math. Program.
Ralph E. Steuer, Eng Ung Choo
1983 J jnl
Comput. Oper. Res.
Ralph E. Steuer
1981 J jnl
Math. Oper. Res.
Ralph E. Steuer
1980 J jnl
Comput. Oper. Res.
Ralph E. Steuer, Frederick W. Harris
1979 J jnl
Math. Program.
Ralph E. Steuer
1978 J jnl
Oper. Res.
Ralph E. Steuer, Albert T. Schuler
1973 J jnl
Math. Program.
James P. Evans, Ralph E. Steuer
redb/extractors/decompiler/bninja/similarity/minhasher.py
← Index redb/extractors/decompiler/bninja/similarity/minhasher.py python
import logging
import random
from enum import Enum

from ..analysis.medium_level_normalization import MediumLevelNormalization

try:
    from .minhashcustom import MinHashCustom
    from ..analysis.low_level_normalization import LowLevelNormalization
except ImportError:
    # Fallback to absolute imports (for multiprocessing spawned processes)
    from redb.extractors.decompiler.bninja.similarity.minhashcustom import MinHashCustom
    from redb.extractors.decompiler.bninja.analysis.low_level_normalization import LowLevelNormalization

## Values for this configuration were extracted from https://github.com/danielplohmann/mcrit/blob/main/mcrit/config/MinHashConfig.py#L10
# Length in number of Shingles of which a minhash consists
# this value represents the length of sha256sum hash truncated
MINHASH_SIGNATURE_LENGTH: int = 64
# Number of bits per signature element (1-32 bits)
MINHASH_SIGNATURE_BITS: int = 8


class TokenKind(Enum):
    LLIL = "llil"
    TYPED_LLIL = "typed_llil"
    MLIL = "mlil"
    TYPED_MLIL = "typed_mlil"


class MinHasher:
    # stick to the default method
    MINHASH_STRATEGY_HASH_ALL = 1

    def __init__(self, seed, il_function, kind: TokenKind = TokenKind.LLIL):
        self._minhash_seeds = []
        self.il_func = il_function
        self.kind = kind
        self._minhash_permutation = []
        self._signature_segments = []
        self._initMinhashing(seed)

    def _initMinhashing(self, MINHASH_SEED=None):
        random.seed(MINHASH_SEED)
        # init sequence of seeds
        self._minhash_seeds = [
            random.randint(0, MinHashCustom.getHashMax()) for _ in range(MINHASH_SIGNATURE_LENGTH)
        ]

    def make_ngrams(self, tokens, n=3):
        """Take the ngrams of the IL we try to pass into the functions"""
        return [tuple(tokens[i:i+n]) for i in range(len(tokens) - n + 1)]

    def _extract_tokens(self):
        """Extract the IL tokens from the IL function, picking the right
        normalizer (LLIL/MLIL) and the right normalization mode
        (skeleton/typed) based on self.kind."""
        if self.kind in (TokenKind.LLIL, TokenKind.TYPED_LLIL):
            normalizer = LowLevelNormalization()
        elif self.kind in (TokenKind.MLIL, TokenKind.TYPED_MLIL):
            normalizer = MediumLevelNormalization()
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported token kind: {self.kind}")

        # typed variants include operand type info, skeleton variants don't
        if self.kind in (TokenKind.TYPED_LLIL, TokenKind.TYPED_MLIL):
            normalize = normalizer.normalize_instr_with_operands
        else:
            normalize = normalizer.normalize_instruction_all_levels

        instructions = []
        for basic_block in self.il_func.basic_blocks:
            for il in basic_block:
                instructions.append(normalize(il))

        return instructions

    def calculateMinHash(self):
        """Calculate hash function every time, then take minimum shingle per shingler"""
        minhash_result = MinHashCustom(minhash_bits=MINHASH_SIGNATURE_BITS)
        minhash_signature = []

        tokens = self._extract_tokens()
        shingles = self.make_ngrams(tokens, n=3)

        # Functions with fewer than 3 IL instructions can't produce n-grams
        # Return empty minhash for such small functions (thunks, stubs, etc.)
        # Triggered by 39d8ad95b0323c37bd3134ab93ac4af44c66a1a8443a41c1ac02cec19bb2816a
        if not shingles:
            return []

        # Generate the MinHash
        for seed in self._minhash_seeds:
            hashed_shingles = [
                self.shingle_hash(shingle, seed) for shingle in shingles
            ]
            min_value = min(hashed_shingles)

            if MINHASH_SIGNATURE_BITS < 32:
                min_value %= (2 ** MINHASH_SIGNATURE_BITS)

            minhash_signature.append(min_value)

        minhash_result.setMinHash(minhash_signature)
        return minhash_result.getMinHashInt()

    def shingle_hash(self, shingle, hash_seed=0):
        """Produce a single 32bit UINT hash for a given shingle"""
        return MinHashCustom.hashData(shingle, hash_seed)