Rajendra Singh

40 papers C 2Journal 24Unranked 13
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2026 J jnl
CoRR
Abdul Rehman Akbar, Samuel Wales-McGrath, Alejandro Levya, Lina Gokhale, Rajendra Singh, Wei Chen, Anil Parwani, Muhammad Khalid Khan Niazi
2025 conf
IRPS
Anant Johari, Chin-Ya Su, Der-Sheng Chao, Ankur Gupta, Rajendra Singh, Tian-Li Wu
2025 J jnl
IEEE Access
Rajendra Singh, Manoj Kumar Bohra, Ashish Sharma, Sourabh Singh Verma, Devershi Pallavi Bhatt, Amit Kumar Bairwa, Masoud Daneshtalab
2023 J jnl
Remote. Sens.
Kallem Sushanth, Abhijit Behera, Ashok Mishra, Rajendra Singh
2022 conf
SPCOM
Shashank Soi, Sushil Kumar Singh, Rajendra Singh, Ashok Kumar
2022 J jnl
Medical Image Anal.
Ming Y. Lu, Richard J. Chen, Dehan Kong, Jana Lipková, Rajendra Singh, Drew F. K. Williamson, Tiffany Y. Chen, Faisal Mahmood
2022 conf
HICSS
Rajendra Singh, Chad Anderson, Shaila M. Miranda
2022 J jnl
IEEE Access
Rajendra Singh, Manoj Kumar Bohra, Prashant Hemrajani, Anshuman Kalla, Devershi Pallavi Bhatt, Nitin Purohit, Masoud Daneshtalab
2021 conf
HICSS
Rajendra Singh, Alexandra Durcikova, Lars Mathiassen
2020 J jnl
Inf. Organ.
Rajendra Singh, Aaron Baird, Lars Mathiassen
2020 J jnl
IEEE Internet Things J.
Guneet Bedi, Ganesh Kumar Venayagamoorthy, Rajendra Singh
2020 J jnl
CoRR
Ming Y. Lu, Dehan Kong, Jana Lipková, Richard J. Chen, Rajendra Singh, Drew F. K. Williamson, Tiffany Y. Chen, Faisal Mahmood
2020 C conf
ICIS
Qidi Xing, Shaila M. Miranda, Rajendra Singh
2019 J jnl
IEEE J. Biomed. Health Informatics
Chi Liu, Yue Huang, John A. Ozolek, Matthew G. Hanna, Rajendra Singh, Gustavo K. Rohde
2018 J jnl
Inf. Organ.
Rajendra Singh, Aaron Baird, Lars Mathiassen
2018 J jnl
Environ. Model. Softw.
Pranesh Kumar Paul, Nikul Kumari, Niranjan Panigrahi, Ashok Mishra, Rajendra Singh
2018 J jnl
IEEE Internet Things J.
Guneet Bedi, Ganesh Kumar Venayagamoorthy, Rajendra Singh, Richard R. Brooks, Kuang-Ching Wang
2017 J jnl
J. Manag. Inf. Syst.
Rajendra Singh, Vitali Mindel, Lars Mathiassen
2017 conf
SSCI
Guneet Bedi, Ganesh Kumar Venayagamoorthy, Rajendra Singh
2016 conf
HICSS
Rajendra Singh, Vitali Mindel, Lars Mathiassen
2015 J jnl
MIS Q.
Rajendra Singh, Lars Mathiassen, Abhay Nath Mishra
2012 conf
CCECE
Rajendra Singh, Aniruddha M. Gole, Peter C. J. Graham, Shaahin Filizadeh, C. Muller, R. Jayasinghe
2012 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.
Andrew Janowczyk, Sharat Chandran, Rajendra Singh, Dimitra Sasaroli, George Coukos, Michael D. Feldman, Anant Madabhushi
2011 J jnl
J. Assoc. Inf. Syst.
Rajendra Singh, Lars Mathiassen, Max E. Stachura, Elena V. Astapova
2011
Rajendra Singh
2009 C conf
ICIS
Rajendra Singh, Lars Mathiassen, Abhay Nath Mishra
2009 conf
Euro-Par
Rajendra Singh, Peter Graham
2009 conf
MICCAI (1)
Andrew Janowczyk, Sharat Chandran, Rajendra Singh, Dimitra Sasaroli, George Coukos, Michael D. Feldman, Anant Madabhushi
2009 J jnl
Eur. J. Inf. Syst.
Rajendra Singh, Mark Keil, Vijay Kasi
2008 conf
HPCS
Rajendra Singh, Peter Graham
2007 J jnl
Neurocomputing
Rajendra Singh, Laxmi Srivastava
2007 conf
COMSWARE
Rajendra Singh, Ajit Chaturvedi
2006 J jnl
Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput.
M. V. S. N. Prasad, Rajendra Singh, S. K. Sarkar, A. D. Sarma
2006 J jnl
Proc. IEEE
Silke H. Christiansen, Rajendra Singh, Ulrich Gosele
2005 conf
AMiRE
Rajendra Singh, Frédéric Maire, Joaquin Sitte, Alan B. Tickle
2003 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.
M. V. S. N. Prasad, Rajendra Singh
2001 conf
ICPP Workshops
Peter C. J. Graham, Rajendra Singh
2000 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.
M. V. S. N. Prasad, Rajendra Singh
1992 J jnl
Robotics Auton. Syst.
Satish S. Nair, Rajendra Singh, Kenneth J. Waldron, Vincent J. Vohnout
1980 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory
Rajendra Singh
tests/unit/test_decompile_decompiler.py
← Index tests/unit/test_decompile_decompiler.py python
"""Unit tests (mocked BN) for bninja/decompiler.py — BinaryNinjaDecompiler."""
import sys
import json
import time
import pytest
from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch, mock_open

from tests.unit.conftest_binja_stubs import (
    install_binja_stubs,
    MockFunction,
    MockBasicBlock,
    MockDisassemblyLine,
    MockToken,
    MockSymbol,
    MockBinaryView,
    MockEdge,
    SymbolType,
    InstructionTextTokenType,
    BranchType,
)

install_binja_stubs()

from redb.extractors.decompiler.bninja.decompiler import (
    BinaryNinjaDecompiler,
    is_lib_or_thunk,
)
from redb.extractors.decompiler.bninja.function_type import FunctionType


# ============================================================================
# 10a. BinaryNinjaDecompiler
# ============================================================================


class TestBinaryNinjaDecompilerLogError:
    def _make_decompiler(self):
        with patch.object(BinaryNinjaDecompiler, "__init__", lambda self, *a, **kw: None):
            d = BinaryNinjaDecompiler.__new__(BinaryNinjaDecompiler)
            d.log = MagicMock()
            d.errors = []
            d.filepath = "/fake/binary"
            d.bv = None
            d.analysis_results = None
            d.exporters = []
            d.index_prefix = None
            d.filetype = None
            d.goresym = None
            d.BNINJA_TIMEOUT = 60
            return d

    def test_log_error_appends(self):
        d = self._make_decompiler()
        d.log_error("test error", "func1", 0x1000, Exception("boom"), "extract")
        assert len(d.errors) == 1

    def test_log_error_schema(self):
        d = self._make_decompiler()
        d.log_error("test error", "func1", 0x1000, Exception("boom"), "extract")
        error = d.errors[0]
        expected_keys = [
            "function_name",
            "function_address",
            "error_location",
            "error_message",
            "error_details",
            "error_type",
            "timestamp",
        ]
        for key in expected_keys:
            assert key in error, f"Missing key: {key}"


class TestBinaryNinjaDecompilerIsTooFewBlocks:
    def _make_decompiler(self):
        with patch.object(BinaryNinjaDecompiler, "__init__", lambda self, *a, **kw: None):
            d = BinaryNinjaDecompiler.__new__(BinaryNinjaDecompiler)
            d.log = MagicMock()
            d.errors = []
            d.MIN_FUNCTION_SIZE = 10
            return d

    def test_is_too_few_blocks_none(self):
        d = self._make_decompiler()
        func = MagicMock()
        func.basic_blocks = None
        assert d.is_too_few_blocks(func) is False

    def test_is_too_few_blocks_empty(self):
        # Empty basic_blocks now returns True because Binja creates function
        # stubs with empty blocks before analysis completes — we no longer
        # skip these so they get filtered downstream instead.
        d = self._make_decompiler()
        func = MagicMock()
        func.basic_blocks = []
        assert d.is_too_few_blocks(func) is True

    def test_is_too_few_blocks_small_single(self):
        d = self._make_decompiler()
        block = MagicMock()
        block.disassembly_text = [MagicMock() for _ in range(5)]  # < 10
        func = MagicMock()
        func.basic_blocks = [block]
        assert d.is_too_few_blocks(func) is False

    def test_is_too_few_blocks_large_single(self):
        d = self._make_decompiler()
        block = MagicMock()
        block.disassembly_text = [MagicMock() for _ in range(15)]  # >= 10
        func = MagicMock()
        func.basic_blocks = [block]
        assert d.is_too_few_blocks(func) is True

    def test_is_too_few_blocks_multiple(self):
        d = self._make_decompiler()
        func = MagicMock()
        func.basic_blocks = [MagicMock(), MagicMock()]
        assert d.is_too_few_blocks(func) is True


class TestIsLibOrThunk:
    def test_is_lib_or_thunk_user(self):
        func = MagicMock()
        func.symbol.type = SymbolType.FunctionSymbol
        func.is_thunk = False
        assert is_lib_or_thunk(func) is True  # NOT filtered

    def test_is_lib_or_thunk_thunk(self):
        func = MagicMock()
        func.symbol.type = SymbolType.FunctionSymbol
        func.is_thunk = True
        assert is_lib_or_thunk(func) is False  # Filtered out

    def test_is_lib_or_thunk_external(self):
        func = MagicMock()
        func.symbol.type = SymbolType.ImportedFunctionSymbol
        func.is_thunk = False
        assert is_lib_or_thunk(func) is False  # Filtered out


class TestBinaryNinjaDecompilerExtract:
    def _make_decompiler(self):
        with patch.object(BinaryNinjaDecompiler, "__init__", lambda self, *a, **kw: None):
            d = BinaryNinjaDecompiler.__new__(BinaryNinjaDecompiler)
            d.log = MagicMock()
            d.errors = []
            d.filepath = "/fake/binary"
            d.bv = MagicMock()
            d.analysis_results = None
            d.exporters = []
            d.index_prefix = None
            d.filetype = None
            d.goresym = None
            d.BNINJA_TIMEOUT = 60
            d.arch = MagicMock()
            return d

    def test_extract_success(self):
        d = self._make_decompiler()
        mock_results = {
            "decompiled": [{"test": True}],
            "disassembled": [],
            "cfg": [],
            "llil": [],
            "errors": [],
            "strings": [],
            "mlil": [],
        }
        with patch.object(d, "analyze_binary", return_value=mock_results):
            result = d.extract()
            assert result is True
            assert d.analysis_results == mock_results

    def test_extract_failure(self):
        d = self._make_decompiler()
        with patch.object(d, "analyze_binary", return_value=None):
            result = d.extract()
            assert result is False

    def test_tag(self):
        d = self._make_decompiler()
        assert d.tag() == "DECOMPILED"


class TestBinaryNinjaDecompilerAnalyzeBinary:
    def _make_decompiler(self):
        with patch.object(BinaryNinjaDecompiler, "__init__", lambda self, *a, **kw: None):
            d = BinaryNinjaDecompiler.__new__(BinaryNinjaDecompiler)
            d.log = MagicMock()
            d.errors = []
            d.filepath = "/fake/binary"
            d.analysis_results = None
            d.exporters = []
            d.index_prefix = None
            d.filetype = None
            d.goresym = None
            d.BNINJA_TIMEOUT = 60
            d.arch = MagicMock()
            d.MIN_FUNCTION_SIZE = 10
            return d

    def test_analyze_binary_links_hlil_disasm(self):
        """Bi-directional hash linkage between decompiled and disassembled."""
        d = self._make_decompiler()
        d.bv = MagicMock()
        d.bv.functions = []
        # Mock methods to return controlled data
        with patch.object(d, "extract_hlil") as mock_hlil, \
             patch.object(d, "extract_disasm") as mock_disasm, \
             patch.object(d, "extract_cfg", return_value=None), \
             patch.object(d, "extract_lowlevel", return_value=None):

            mock_hlil.return_value = {
                "decompiled_function_hash": "HLIL_HASH",
                "decompiled_function_name": "test",
                "decompiled_function": "code",
            }
            mock_disasm.return_value = {
                "disassembled_function_hash": "DISASM_HASH",
                "disassembled_function_no_addresses": "asm",
            }

            # Manually feed one function
            mock_func = MagicMock()
            mock_func.symbol.type = SymbolType.FunctionSymbol
            mock_func.is_thunk = False
            mock_func.basic_blocks = [MagicMock(), MagicMock()]
            d.bv.functions = [mock_func]

            results = d.analyze_binary()
            if results and results["decompiled"]:
                hlil_r = results["decompiled"][0]
                disasm_r = results["disassembled"][0]
                assert hlil_r["disassembled_function_hash"] == "DISASM_HASH"
                assert disasm_r["decompiled_function_hash"] == "HLIL_HASH"

    def test_analyze_binary_links_llil_disasm(self):
        """Bi-directional linkage between LLIL and disassembly."""
        d = self._make_decompiler()
        d.bv = MagicMock()

        with patch.object(d, "extract_hlil", return_value=None), \
             patch.object(d, "extract_disasm") as mock_disasm, \
             patch.object(d, "extract_cfg", return_value=None), \
             patch.object(d, "extract_lowlevel") as mock_llil:

            mock_disasm.return_value = {
                "disassembled_function_hash": "DISASM_HASH",
                "disassembled_function_no_addresses": "asm",
            }
            mock_llil.return_value = {
                "sha256_llil": "LLIL_HASH",
                "tlsh_llil": "tlsh_val",
            }

            mock_func = MagicMock()
            mock_func.symbol.type = SymbolType.FunctionSymbol
            mock_func.is_thunk = False
            mock_func.basic_blocks = [MagicMock(), MagicMock()]
            d.bv.functions = [mock_func]

            results = d.analyze_binary()
            if results and results["llil"]:
                llil_r = results["llil"][0]
                assert llil_r["disassembled_function_hash"] == "DISASM_HASH"

    def test_analyze_binary_links_cfg_disasm(self):
        """CFG gets disassembled_function_hash."""
        d = self._make_decompiler()
        d.bv = MagicMock()

        with patch.object(d, "extract_hlil", return_value=None), \
             patch.object(d, "extract_disasm") as mock_disasm, \
             patch.object(d, "extract_cfg") as mock_cfg, \
             patch.object(d, "extract_lowlevel", return_value=None):

            mock_disasm.return_value = {
                "disassembled_function_hash": "DISASM_HASH",
                "disassembled_function_no_addresses": "asm",
            }
            mock_cfg.return_value = {
                "function_address": 0x1000,
                "cyclomatic_complexity": 3,
            }

            mock_func = MagicMock()
            mock_func.symbol.type = SymbolType.FunctionSymbol
            mock_func.is_thunk = False
            mock_func.basic_blocks = [MagicMock(), MagicMock()]
            d.bv.functions = [mock_func]

            results = d.analyze_binary()
            if results and results["cfg"]:
                cfg_r = results["cfg"][0]
                assert cfg_r["disassembled_function_hash"] == "DISASM_HASH"

    def test_analyze_binary_sets_cyclomatic(self):
        """cyclomatic_complexity set on disasm from CFG."""
        d = self._make_decompiler()
        d.bv = MagicMock()

        with patch.object(d, "extract_hlil", return_value=None), \
             patch.object(d, "extract_disasm") as mock_disasm, \
             patch.object(d, "extract_cfg") as mock_cfg, \
             patch.object(d, "extract_lowlevel", return_value=None):

            mock_disasm.return_value = {
                "disassembled_function_hash": "HASH",
                "disassembled_function_no_addresses": "asm",
            }
            mock_cfg.return_value = {
                "function_address": 0x1000,
                "cyclomatic_complexity": 7,
            }

            mock_func = MagicMock()
            mock_func.symbol.type = SymbolType.FunctionSymbol
            mock_func.is_thunk = False
            mock_func.basic_blocks = [MagicMock(), MagicMock()]
            d.bv.functions = [mock_func]

            results = d.analyze_binary()
            if results and results["disassembled"]:
                disasm_r = results["disassembled"][0]
                assert disasm_r.get("cyclomatic_complexity") == 7


class TestApplyGoReSym:
    def _make_decompiler(self):
        with patch.object(BinaryNinjaDecompiler, "__init__", lambda self, *a, **kw: None):
            d = BinaryNinjaDecompiler.__new__(BinaryNinjaDecompiler)
            d.log = MagicMock()
            d.errors = []
            d.bv = MagicMock()
            return d

    def test_apply_goresym_user_functions(self):
        d = self._make_decompiler()
        d.goresym = "/tmp/goresym.json"
        data = {
            "UserFunctions": [{"Start": 0x1000, "FullName": "main.main"}],
        }
        with patch("builtins.open", mock_open(read_data=json.dumps(data))):
            d._BinaryNinjaDecompiler__apply_goresym()
            d.bv.define_user_symbol.assert_called()

    def test_apply_goresym_std_functions(self):
        d = self._make_decompiler()
        d.goresym = "/tmp/goresym.json"
        data = {
            "StdFunctions": [{"Start": 0x2000, "FullName": "runtime.main"}],
        }
        with patch("builtins.open", mock_open(read_data=json.dumps(data))):
            d._BinaryNinjaDecompiler__apply_goresym()
            d.bv.define_user_symbol.assert_called()

    def test_apply_goresym_invalid_json(self):
        d = self._make_decompiler()
        d.goresym = "/tmp/goresym.json"
        with patch("builtins.open", mock_open(read_data="not json {")):
            d._BinaryNinjaDecompiler__apply_goresym()
            # Should log error but not crash
            d.log.log_error if hasattr(d.log, 'log_error') else None
            # Just verify no exception raised