Rafia Inam

48 papers A 2B 2C 13Misc 2Journal 17Unranked 11
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2026 J jnl
CoRR
Ahmad Terra, Mohit Ahmed, Rafia Inam, Elena Fersman, Martin Törngren
2025 J jnl
J. Artif. Intell. Res.
Vandita Singh, Kristijonas Cyras, Muhammad Zain Akram, Rafia Inam
2025 J jnl
CoRR
Franco Ruggeri, Alessio Russo, Rafia Inam, Karl Henrik Johansson
2025 Misc conf
CogSIMA
Amadeu do Nascimento Júnior, Alexandros Palaios, Klaus Raizer, Swarup Kumar Mohalik, Rafia Inam
2024 J jnl
J. Ind. Inf. Integr.
Andrii Berezovskyi, Rafia Inam, Jad El-khoury, Leonid Mokrushin, Elena Fersman
2023 J jnl
J. Integr. Des. Process. Sci.
Andrii Berezovskyi, Leonid Mokrushin, Fredrik Asplund, Jad El-khoury, Rafia Inam, Elena Fersman
2023 J jnl
Computer
Claudia Andruetto, Rafia Inam, Martin Törngren
2022 J jnl
CoRR
Rafia Inam, Alberto Yukinobu Hata, Vlasjov Prifti, Sara Abbaspour Asadollah
2022 J jnl
ACM Trans. Cyber Phys. Syst.
José Manuel Gaspar Sánchez, Nils Jörgensen, Martin Törngren, Rafia Inam, Andrii Berezovskyi, Lei Feng, Elena Fersman, Muhammad Rusyadi Ramli, Kaige Tan
2022 conf
EXTRAAMAS@AAMAS
Vandita Singh, Kristijonas Cyras, Rafia Inam
2022 J jnl
CoRR
Martin Törngren, Haydn Thompson, Erik Herzog, Rafia Inam, James Gross, György Dán
2022 conf
AREA@IJCAI-ECAI
Timotheos Souroulla, Alberto Hata, Ahmad Terra, Özer Özkahraman, Rafia Inam
2022 A conf
IROS
Franco Ruggeri, Ahmad Terra, Alberto Hata, Rafia Inam, Iolanda Leite
2022 C conf
INDIN
Ahmad Terra, Rafia Inam, Pedro Batista, Elena Fersman
2021 J jnl
CoRR
José Manuel Gaspar Sánchez, Nils Jörgensen, Martin Törngren, Rafia Inam, Andrii Berezovskyi, Lei Feng, Elena Fersman, Muhammad Rusyadi Ramli, Kaige Tan
2021 conf
ICAR
Alessandro Iucci, Alberto Hata, Ahmad Terra, Rafia Inam, Iolanda Leite
2021 Misc conf
SEC
Martin Törngren, Haydn Thompson, Erik Herzog, Rafia Inam, James Gross, György Dán
2020 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst.
Alexandre Moreira Nascimento, Lucio Flavio Vismari, Caroline Bianca Santos Tancredi Molina, Paulo Sérgio Cugnasca, João Batista Camargo Jr., Jorge Rady de Almeida Jr., Rafia Inam, Elena Fersman, Maria Valéria Marquezini, Alberto Yukinobu Hata
2020 B conf
GLOBECOM
Ahmad Terra, Rafia Inam, Sandhya Baskaran, Pedro Batista, Ian Burdick, Elena Fersman
2019 J jnl
CoRR
Alexandre Moreira Nascimento, Lucio Flavio Vismari, Caroline Bianca Santos Tancredi Molina, Paulo Sérgio Cugnasca, João Batista Camargo Jr., Jorge Rady de Almeida Jr., Rafia Inam, Elena Fersman, Maria V. Marquezini, Alberto Y. Hata
2019 C conf
ETFA
Alberto Y. Hata, Rafia Inam, Klaus Raizer, Shaolei Wang, Enyu Cao
2019 C conf
INDIN
Andrii Berezovskyi, Rafia Inam, Jad El-khoury, Martin Törngren, Elena Fersman
2018 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst.
Jamil Kalil Naufal Jr., João Batista Camargo Jr., Lucio Flavio Vismari, Jorge Rady de Almeida Jr., Caroline Bianca Santos Tancredi Molina, Rodrigo Ignacio R. Gonzalez, Rafia Inam, Elena Fersman
2018 conf
ICVES
Lucio Flavio Vismari, João B. Camargo Junior, Jamil Kalil Naufal Jr., Jorge Rady de Almeida Jr., Caroline Bianca Santos Tancredi Molina, Rafia Inam, Elena Fersman, Maria V. Marquezini
2018 conf
SAFECOMP Workshops
Alexandre Moreira Nascimento, Lucio Flavio Vismari, Paulo Sérgio Cugnasca, João Batista Camargo Jr., Jorge Rady de Almeida Jr., Rafia Inam, Elena Fersman, Alberto Y. Hata, M. V. Marquezini
2018 conf
SAFECOMP Workshops
Caroline Bianca Santos Tancredi Molina, Lucio Flavio Vismari, T. Fuji, João Batista Camargo Jr., Jorge Rady de Almeida Jr., Rafia Inam, Elena Fersman, Alberto Y. Hata, M. V. Marquezini
2018 C conf
ETFA
Rafia Inam, Klaus Raizer, Alberto Y. Hata, Ricardo S. Souza, Elena Fersman, Enyu Cao, Shaolei Wang
2017 J jnl
CoRR
Aneta Vulgarakis Feljan, Athanasios Karapantelakis, Leonid Mokrushin, Hongxin Liang, Rafia Inam, Elena Fersman, Carlos R. B. Azevedo, Klaus Raizer, Ricardo S. Souza
2017 conf
DIAS/EDUDM@ISEC
Aneta Vulgarakis Feljan, Athanasios Karapantelakis, Leonid Mokrushin, Rafia Inam, Elena Fersman, Carlos R. B. Azevedo, Klaus Raizer, Ricardo S. Souza
2016 conf
FiCloud
Athanasios Karapantelakis, Hongxin Liang, Keven Wang, Konstantinos Vandikas, Rafia Inam, Elena Fersman, Ignacio Mulas-Viela, Nicolas Seyvet, Vasileios Giannokostas
2016 conf
ITSC
Rafia Inam, Nicolas Schrammar, Keven Wang, Athanasios Karapantelakis, Leonid Mokrushin, Aneta Vulgarakis Feljan, Elena Fersman
2015 C conf
ICTSS
Sara Abbaspour Asadollah, Rafia Inam, Hans Hansson
2015 C conf
ETFA
Rafia Inam, Moris Behnam, Thomas Nolte, Mikael Sjödin
2015 C conf
ETFA
Rafia Inam, Athanasios Karapantelakis, Konstantinos Vandikas, Leonid Mokrushin, Aneta Vulgarakis Feljan, Elena Fersman
2014 C conf
ETFA
Rafia Inam, Mikael Sjödin
2014
Rafia Inam
2014 B conf
COMPSAC
Rafia Inam
2014 J jnl
J. Syst. Softw.
Rafia Inam, Jan Carlson, Mikael Sjödin, Jirí Kuncar
2014 A conf
RTAS
Rafia Inam, Nesredin Mahmud, Moris Behnam, Thomas Nolte, Mikael Sjödin
2013 C conf
ETFA
Rafia Inam, Mikael Sjödin, Reinder J. Bril
2013 J jnl
SIGBED Rev.
Moris Behnam, Rafia Inam, Thomas Nolte, Mikael Sjödin
2013 C conf
ETFA
Rafia Inam, Joris Slatman, Moris Behnam, Mikael Sjödin, Thomas Nolte
2012 C conf
ETFA
Rafia Inam, Mikael Sjödin, Marcus Jägemar
2012 J jnl
SIGBED Rev.
Rafia Inam, Mikael Sjödin
2012 conf
SIES
Rafia Inam, Mikael Sjödin, Reinder J. Brfi
2012 conf
EUROMICRO-SEAA
Rafia Inam, Jukka Mäki-Turja, Mikael Sjödin, Jirí Kuncar
2011 C conf
ETFA
Rafia Inam, Jukka Mäki-Turja, Mikael Sjödin, Seyed M. H. Ashjaei, Sara Afshar
2011 C conf
ETFA
Farhang Nemati, Rafia Inam, Thomas Nolte, Mikael Sjödin
redb/extractors/elf_extractors/elf_exports.py
← Index redb/extractors/elf_extractors/elf_exports.py python
import inspect
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Any, List, Set

from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
from elftools.common.exceptions import ELFError

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.elf_extractor import ELFExtractor
from redb.models.dataclasses import ELFExport


class ELFExportExtractor(ELFExtractor):

    def __init__(
        self,
        filepath,
        log,
        exporters=None,
        index_prefix=None,
        elastic_index=None,
        known_benign=False,
        known_malicious=False,
        elf=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath,
            log,
            exporters,
            index_prefix,
            elastic_index,
            known_benign,
            known_malicious,
            elf,
        )
        self.elf_exports = None
        self.elastic_index = self.index_prefix + "-elf_exports"
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

    def _get_exported_functions_from_symbols(self, elf) -> Set[str]:
        """Extract exported functions from symbol tables."""
        exported_functions = set()

        try:
            # Check both static (.symtab) and dynamic (.dynsym) symbol tables
            symbol_sections = ['.symtab', '.dynsym']

            for section_name in symbol_sections:
                section = elf.get_section_by_name(section_name)
                if not section or not hasattr(section, 'iter_symbols'):
                    continue

                for symbol in section.iter_symbols():
                    # Check if symbol is exported (defined and globally visible)
                    if (symbol.name and
                        symbol.entry.get('st_shndx', 0) != 'SHN_UNDEF' and  # Not undefined
                        symbol.entry.get('st_info', {}).get('bind') in ['STB_GLOBAL', 'STB_WEAK'] and  # Global or weak binding
                        symbol.entry.get('st_info', {}).get('type') in ['STT_FUNC', 'STT_OBJECT']):  # Function or object

                        # Additional checks for meaningful exports
                        if (symbol.entry.get('st_value', 0) > 0 or  # Has a value
                            symbol.entry.get('st_size', 0) > 0):    # Has a size
                            exported_functions.add(symbol.name)

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting exported functions from symbols: {e}")

        return exported_functions

    def _get_exported_functions_from_dynamic_section(self, elf) -> Set[str]:
        """Extract exported functions information from dynamic section."""
        exported_functions = set()

        try:
            # Get the dynamic section
            dynamic_section = elf.get_section_by_name('.dynamic')
            if not dynamic_section:
                return exported_functions

            # Look for version definition sections that might indicate exports
            # This is complementary to symbol table analysis
            for tag in dynamic_section.iter_tags():
                if tag.entry.d_tag == 'DT_SONAME':
                    # If it has a SONAME, it's likely a shared library with exports
                    # The actual exports are still found in symbol tables
                    pass

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting exports from dynamic section: {e}")

        return exported_functions

    def _filter_meaningful_exports(self, exports: Set[str]) -> Set[str]:
        """Filter out compiler-generated and internal symbols to focus on meaningful exports."""
        filtered_exports = set()

        # Common patterns to exclude (compiler-generated, internal symbols)
        exclude_patterns = [
            '_start',
            '_init',
            '_fini',
            '__libc_',
            '__gmon_start__',
            '_IO_stdin_used',
            '__data_start',
            '__bss_start',
            '_edata',
            '_end',
            '__TMC_END__',
            '_ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable',
            '_ITM_registerTMCloneTable',
            '__cxa_finalize',
            '__gxx_personality_v0',
            '_Jv_RegisterClasses'
        ]

        for export in exports:
            # Skip empty or very short names
            if not export or len(export) < 2:
                continue

            # Skip symbols that match exclude patterns
            skip = False
            for pattern in exclude_patterns:
                if export.startswith(pattern):
                    skip = True
                    break

            # Skip symbols that look like internal mangled names (but keep reasonable C++ names)
            if export.startswith('_Z') and len(export) > 50:  # Very long mangled names
                skip = True

            if not skip:
                filtered_exports.add(export)

        return filtered_exports

    def tag(self):
        return Tag.ELF_EXPORTS.value if hasattr(Tag, 'ELF_EXPORTS') else "elf_exports"

    def extract(self):
        try:
            self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

            def extract_data(elf):
                # Extract exported functions from multiple sources
                exported_functions = set()

                # From symbol tables (primary source)
                symbol_exports = self._get_exported_functions_from_symbols(elf)
                exported_functions.update(symbol_exports)

                # From dynamic section (supplementary)
                dynamic_exports = self._get_exported_functions_from_dynamic_section(elf)
                exported_functions.update(dynamic_exports)

                # Filter out compiler-generated and internal symbols
                meaningful_exports = self._filter_meaningful_exports(exported_functions)

                # Convert to sorted list for consistent output
                export_functions_list = sorted(list(meaningful_exports))

                # Return ELFExport dataclass
                return ELFExport(
                    elf_exports_total=len(export_functions_list),
                    elf_export_functions=export_functions_list,
                )

            if not self._is_elf_file():
                return None

            result = self._with_elf_file(extract_data)
            if result is None:
                return None

            self.elf_exports = result
            return self.elf_exports

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting ELF exports {self.hash.sha256}: {e}")
            return None

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

        if exporter_type == "ElasticsearchExporter":
            return self.elf_exports
        elif exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            try:
                if not self.elf_exports:
                    return None

                # Prepare data array
                data = [[
                    self.sha256,
                    self.md5,
                    self.sha1,
                    self.elf_exports.elf_exports_total,
                    self.elf_exports.elf_export_functions,
                    datetime.now(timezone.utc)
                ]]

                column_names = [
                    'sha256', 'md5', 'sha1',
                    'elf_exports_total',
                    'elf_export_functions',
                    'analysis_date'
                ]

                if not data:
                    return None

                column_type_names = [
                    'FixedString(64)', 'FixedString(32)', 'FixedString(40)',
                    'UInt32',
                    'Array(LowCardinality(String))',
                    'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')'
                ]

                return (data, column_names, column_type_names)

            except Exception as e:
                self.log.error(f"Error preparing export data: {e}")
                raise

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        return "redb_elf_exports"