Radheshyam Singh

17 papers B 2C 2Journal 3Unranked 10
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2025 conf
CCNC
Radheshyam Singh, Diaa Jadaan, Drona Ghimire, Michael S. Berger, Amund Skavhaug, Lars Dittmann
2025 J jnl
Future Internet
Radheshyam Singh, Line M. P. Larsen, Eder Ollora Zaballa, Michael Stübert Berger, Christian Kloch, Lars Dittmann
2024 conf
CommNet
Radheshyam Singh, Diaa Jadaan, Drona Ghimire, Michael S. Berger, Amund Skavhaug, Lars Dittmann
2024 J jnl
Future Internet
Radheshyam Singh, Léo Mendiboure, José Soler, Michael Stübert Berger, Tidiane Sylla, Marion Berbineau, Lars Dittmann
2024 conf
CommNet
Radheshyam Singh, Mohamed Aymen Chalouf, Léo Mendiboure, Michael S. Berger, Lars Dittmann
2023 C conf
WoWMoM
Radheshyam Singh, Jes Hundevadt Jepsen, Kalpit Dilip Ballal, Stanley Chukwuebuka Nwabuona, Michael S. Berger, Lars Dittmann
2023 conf
VTC2023-Spring
Tidiane Sylla, Léo Mendiboure, Marion Berbineau, Radheshyam Singh, José Soler, Lars Dittmann
2023 C conf
IPCCC
Stanley Chukwuebuka Nwabuona, Radheshyam Singh, Michael S. Berger, Sarah Ruepp, Lars Dittmann
2023 B conf
WiMob
Tidiane Sylla, Radheshyam Singh, Léo Mendiboure, Michael Stübert Berger, Marion Berbineau, Lars Dittmann
2022 conf
ANTS
Radheshyam Singh, Kalpit Dilip Ballal, Stanley Chukwuebuka Nwabuona, Michael S. Berger, Lars Dittmann, Sarah Ruepp, Troels Wienecke
2022 J jnl
Network
Radheshyam Singh, José Soler, Tidiane Sylla, Léo Mendiboure, Marion Berbineau
2022 B conf
WiMob
Tidiane Sylla, Léo Mendiboure, Marion Berbineau, Radheshyam Singh, José Soler, Michael Stübert Berger
2022 conf
ICUFN
Kalpit Dilip Ballal, Radheshyam Singh, Lars Dittmann, Sarah Ruepp
2022 conf
CAMAD
Kalpit Dilip Ballal, Radheshyam Singh, Stanley Chukwuebuka Nwabuona, Lars Dittmann, Sarah Ruepp
2022 conf
GIOTS
Radheshyam Singh, Kalpit Dilip Ballal, Michael Stübert Berger, Lars Dittmann
2022 conf
ANTS
Kalpit Dilip Ballal, Radheshyam Singh, Lars Dittmann
2020 conf
ComComAP
Radheshyam Singh, Ying Yan
redb/extractors/macho_extractors/macho_similarity_hashes.py
← Index redb/extractors/macho_extractors/macho_similarity_hashes.py python
import inspect
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Any

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.macho_extractor import MachOExtractor


class MachOSimilarityHashExtractor(MachOExtractor):
    """Extract Mach-O similarity hashes using machofile API.

    Similarity hashes are MD5 fingerprints of sorted, deduplicated binary components:
    - dylib_hash: MD5 of dynamic library names
    - import_hash: MD5 of imported function names
    - export_hash: MD5 of exported symbol names
    - entitlement_hash: MD5 of entitlement names and array values
    - symhash: MD5 of external undefined symbols

    For FAT binaries:
    - Inserts one row per architecture slice with per-slice hashes
    - Inserts one row for the FAT container with combined hashes

    For single-arch binaries:
    - Inserts one row with that architecture's hashes

    Note: parent_sha256 and architecture relationships are tracked in redb_basic_properties,
    not duplicated here. Use JOIN with redb_basic_properties when needed.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        filepath,
        log,
        exporters=None,
        index_prefix=None,
        elastic_index=None,
        known_benign=False,
        known_malicious=False,
        macho=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath,
            log,
            exporters,
            index_prefix,
            elastic_index,
            known_benign,
            known_malicious,
            macho,
        )
        self.elastic_index = self.index_prefix + "-macho_hashes"
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

    def tag(self):
        return Tag.MACHO_HASHES.value

    def _extract_similarity_hashes(self, arch_name=None):
        """Extract similarity hashes for a specific architecture."""
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

        if not self.macho:
            return None

        try:
            similarity_hashes = self.macho.get_similarity_hashes(arch=arch_name)
            return similarity_hashes if similarity_hashes else None
        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting similarity hashes for arch {arch_name}: {e}")
            return None

    def extract(self):
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)
        try:
            if not self.macho:
                return None

            architectures = self.macho.get_architectures()
            if not architectures:
                return None

            if len(architectures) > 1:
                # FAT binary - return combined hashes + per-arch hashes
                results = []

                # First add combined hashes for the FAT container
                all_hashes = self.macho.get_similarity_hashes()
                combined_hashes = all_hashes.get('combined', {}) if all_hashes else {}
                if combined_hashes:
                    combined_hashes['arch_identifier'] = 'fat'
                    results.append(combined_hashes)

                # Then add per-arch hashes
                for arch_name in architectures:
                    hashes = self._extract_similarity_hashes(arch_name)
                    if hashes:
                        hashes['arch_identifier'] = arch_name
                        results.append(hashes)
                return results
            else:
                # Single architecture - return single result
                return self._extract_similarity_hashes(architectures[0])
        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting similarity hashes: {e}")
            return None

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        if exporter_type == "ElasticsearchExporter":
            return self.extract()
        elif exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            if not self.macho:
                return None

            try:
                architectures = self.macho.get_architectures()
                is_fat = len(architectures) > 1
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.error(f"Could not get architectures: {e}")
                return None

            data = []
            current_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)

            # For FAT binaries, first insert a row for the container with combined hashes
            if is_fat:
                all_hashes = self.macho.get_similarity_hashes()  # Without arch returns all including 'combined'
                combined_hashes = all_hashes.get('combined', {}) if all_hashes else {}
                if combined_hashes:
                    data.append([
                        self.sha256,                                    # sha256 (FAT container)
                        combined_hashes.get('dylib_hash'),              # dylib_hash
                        combined_hashes.get('import_hash'),             # import_hash
                        combined_hashes.get('export_hash'),             # export_hash
                        combined_hashes.get('entitlement_hash'),        # entitlement_hash
                        combined_hashes.get('symhash'),                 # symhash
                        current_time,                                   # analysis_date
                    ])

            # Insert rows for each architecture slice
            for arch_name in architectures:
                # Get architecture-specific sha256
                try:
                    arch_general_info = self.macho.get_general_info(arch=arch_name)
                    arch_sha256 = arch_general_info.get('SHA256', self.sha256)
                except Exception as e:
                    self.log.warning(f"Could not get arch-specific sha256 for {arch_name}: {e}")
                    arch_sha256 = self.sha256

                # Get similarity hashes for this architecture
                similarity_hashes = self._extract_similarity_hashes(arch_name)
                if not similarity_hashes:
                    continue

                data.append([
                    arch_sha256,                                    # sha256 (arch-specific)
                    similarity_hashes.get('dylib_hash'),            # dylib_hash
                    similarity_hashes.get('import_hash'),           # import_hash
                    similarity_hashes.get('export_hash'),           # export_hash
                    similarity_hashes.get('entitlement_hash'),      # entitlement_hash
                    similarity_hashes.get('symhash'),               # symhash
                    current_time,                                   # analysis_date
                ])

            if not data:
                return None

            column_names = [
                'sha256',
                'macho_dylib_hash', 'macho_import_hash', 'macho_export_hash',
                'macho_entitlement_hash', 'macho_symhash',
                'analysis_date'
            ]

            column_type_names = [
                'FixedString(64)',
                'Nullable(FixedString(32))', 'Nullable(FixedString(32))', 'Nullable(FixedString(32))',
                'Nullable(FixedString(32))', 'Nullable(FixedString(32))',
                'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')'
            ]

            return (data, column_names, column_type_names)

        return None

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        return "redb_hashes"