R. Ramya

25 papers A 1Journal 21Unranked 3
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2026 J jnl
SN Comput. Sci.
G. Kanagaraj, S. Lekashri, A. N. Duraivel, R. Ramya
2025 J jnl
Int. J. Syst. Assur. Eng. Manag.
M. Prabu, L. Sasikala, S. Suresh, R. Ramya
2025 J jnl
Discov. Internet Things
Rachit Jain, R. Ramya, Vandana Vikas Thakare, Pramod Kumar Singhal
2025 J jnl
Int. J. Commun. Syst.
R. Ramya, Thomas Brindha
2024 J jnl
SN Comput. Sci.
N. Umamaheswari, K. Kumutha, M. S. Kalaivani, R. Ramya
2024 J jnl
EAI Endorsed Trans. Energy Web
A. Rathinavelu, R. Ramya
2024 J jnl
Multim. Tools Appl.
R. Ramya, S. Ramamoorthy
2023 J jnl
Artif. Intell. Rev.
Gajana Penchalaiah, R. Ramya
2023 J jnl
J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst.
R. Ramya, K. Padmapriya
2023 J jnl
IEEE Access
R. Ramya, S. Ramamoorthy
2023 J jnl
J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst.
P. Annapandi, R. Ramya, N. C. Kotaiah, P. Rajesh, Arun Subramanian
2023 J jnl
Int. J. Comput. Commun. Control
V. Radhika, R. Ramya, K. Srinivasan
2022 J jnl
Adv. Eng. Softw.
R. Ramya, Thomas Brindha
2022 J jnl
Multim. Tools Appl.
R. Ramya, M. Senthilmurugan
2022 J jnl
Wirel. Pers. Commun.
R. Ramya, K. Srinivasan
2021 J jnl
Multidimens. Syst. Signal Process.
R. Ramya, Sridharan Moorthi
2020 J jnl
Circuits Syst. Signal Process.
R. Ramya, K. Mala, S. Selva Nidhyananthan
2019 J jnl
Clust. Comput.
R. Ramya, T. Sasikala
2019 J jnl
Soft Comput.
R. Ramya, T. Sasikala
2019 J jnl
Circuits Syst. Signal Process.
R. Ramya, Sridharan Moorthi
2016 J jnl
Simul.
R. Ramya, K. Selvi, K. Murali
2010 conf
Kaleidoscope
Dhananjay Kumar, S. Mahalaxmi, J. Sharad Kumar, R. Ramya
2009 conf
CICSyN
K. Kathiravan, R. Ramya, Tinu Sara Titus
2008 conf
EUSIPCO
R. Ramya, Rajesh M. Hegde, Hema A. Murthy
2008 A conf
INTERSPEECH
R. Ramya, Rajesh M. Hegde, Hema A. Murthy
redb/extractors/decompiler/bninja/analysis/cfg.py
← Index redb/extractors/decompiler/bninja/analysis/cfg.py python
from binaryninja.enums import LowLevelILOperation as LLIL_OP

# Support both package and standalone imports
try:
    from . import cfg_features
except ImportError:
    from redb.extractors.decompiler.bninja.analysis import cfg_features


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Task 2.2: Build LLIL operation maps at import time using real enum values
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Prime product map: LLIL operation integer value -> small prime
cfg_features.LLIL_OP_PRIMES = {
    # SET_REG, SET_REG_SPLIT
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_SET_REG.value: 2,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_SET_REG_SPLIT.value: 2,
    # SET_FLAG
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_SET_FLAG.value: 3,
    # LOAD
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_LOAD.value: 5,
    # STORE
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_STORE.value: 7,
    # PUSH, POP
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_PUSH.value: 11,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_POP.value: 13,
    # CALL, TAILCALL, SYSCALL
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_CALL.value: 17,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_TAILCALL.value: 17,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_SYSCALL.value: 19,
    # RET, NORET
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_RET.value: 23,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_NORET.value: 23,
    # IF, GOTO
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_IF.value: 29,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_GOTO.value: 31,
    # ADD, SUB
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_ADD.value: 37,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_SUB.value: 41,
    # AND, OR, XOR
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_AND.value: 43,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_OR.value: 47,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_XOR.value: 53,
    # LSL, LSR, ASR, ROL, ROR
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_LSL.value: 59,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_LSR.value: 61,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_ASR.value: 67,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_ROL.value: 71,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_ROR.value: 73,
    # MUL, DIVU, DIVS, MODU, MODS
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_MUL.value: 79,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_DIVU.value: 83,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_DIVS.value: 83,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_MODU.value: 89,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_MODS.value: 89,
    # NEG, NOT
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_NEG.value: 97,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_NOT.value: 101,
    # CMP_E, CMP_NE, CMP_SLT, CMP_ULT, CMP_SLE, CMP_ULE
    # CMP_SGT, CMP_UGT, CMP_SGE, CMP_UGE
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_CMP_E.value: 103,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_CMP_NE.value: 103,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_CMP_SLT.value: 107,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_CMP_ULT.value: 107,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_CMP_SLE.value: 109,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_CMP_ULE.value: 109,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_CMP_SGT.value: 113,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_CMP_UGT.value: 113,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_CMP_SGE.value: 127,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_CMP_UGE.value: 127,
    # NOP
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_NOP.value: 1,
    # SX, ZX, LOW_PART, BOOL_TO_INT
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_SX.value: 131,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_ZX.value: 137,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_LOW_PART.value: 139,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_BOOL_TO_INT.value: 149,
    # JUMP, JUMP_TO
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_JUMP.value: 151,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_JUMP_TO.value: 151,
}

# Category map: LLIL operation integer value -> category index
_ARITHMETIC = {
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_ADD, LLIL_OP.LLIL_ADC, LLIL_OP.LLIL_SUB, LLIL_OP.LLIL_SBB,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_MUL, LLIL_OP.LLIL_MULU_DP, LLIL_OP.LLIL_MULS_DP,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_DIVU, LLIL_OP.LLIL_DIVU_DP, LLIL_OP.LLIL_DIVS,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_DIVS_DP, LLIL_OP.LLIL_MODU, LLIL_OP.LLIL_MODS,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_NEG,
}
_LOGIC = {
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_AND, LLIL_OP.LLIL_OR, LLIL_OP.LLIL_XOR, LLIL_OP.LLIL_NOT,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_LSL, LLIL_OP.LLIL_LSR, LLIL_OP.LLIL_ASR,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_ROL, LLIL_OP.LLIL_RLC, LLIL_OP.LLIL_ROR, LLIL_OP.LLIL_RRC,
}
_TRANSFER = {
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_SET_REG, LLIL_OP.LLIL_SET_REG_SPLIT, LLIL_OP.LLIL_SET_FLAG,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_GOTO, LLIL_OP.LLIL_IF, LLIL_OP.LLIL_JUMP, LLIL_OP.LLIL_JUMP_TO,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_RET, LLIL_OP.LLIL_NORET, LLIL_OP.LLIL_PUSH, LLIL_OP.LLIL_POP,
}
_CALL = {
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_CALL, LLIL_OP.LLIL_TAILCALL, LLIL_OP.LLIL_SYSCALL,
}
_COMPARISON = {
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_CMP_E, LLIL_OP.LLIL_CMP_NE,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_CMP_SLT, LLIL_OP.LLIL_CMP_ULT,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_CMP_SLE, LLIL_OP.LLIL_CMP_ULE,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_CMP_SGE, LLIL_OP.LLIL_CMP_UGE,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_CMP_SGT, LLIL_OP.LLIL_CMP_UGT,
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_TEST_BIT, LLIL_OP.LLIL_FLAG_COND,
}
_MEMORY = {
    LLIL_OP.LLIL_LOAD, LLIL_OP.LLIL_STORE,
}

cfg_features.LLIL_OP_CATEGORIES = {}
for _op in _ARITHMETIC:
    cfg_features.LLIL_OP_CATEGORIES[_op.value] = cfg_features.CAT_ARITHMETIC
for _op in _LOGIC:
    cfg_features.LLIL_OP_CATEGORIES[_op.value] = cfg_features.CAT_LOGIC
for _op in _TRANSFER:
    cfg_features.LLIL_OP_CATEGORIES[_op.value] = cfg_features.CAT_TRANSFER
for _op in _CALL:
    cfg_features.LLIL_OP_CATEGORIES[_op.value] = cfg_features.CAT_CALL
for _op in _COMPARISON:
    cfg_features.LLIL_OP_CATEGORIES[_op.value] = cfg_features.CAT_COMPARISON
for _op in _MEMORY:
    cfg_features.LLIL_OP_CATEGORIES[_op.value] = cfg_features.CAT_MEMORY

# Set of CALL operation values for counting
_CALL_OPS = {op.value for op in _CALL}


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Task 2.1 + 2.3: Rewritten CFGAnalysis
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class CFGAnalysis:
    def __init__(self, function, llil_function=None):
        self.function = function
        self.llil_function = llil_function

    def extract_function_cfg(self):
        """Extract function-level CFG features as a flat dictionary."""

        if self.function is None:
            return None

        blocks = list(self.function.basic_blocks)
        if not blocks:
            return None

        n = len(blocks)

        # 1. Build index-based adjacency from Binary Ninja blocks
        addr_to_idx = {b.start: i for i, b in enumerate(blocks)}
        successors = [[] for _ in range(n)]
        predecessors = [[] for _ in range(n)]
        for i, block in enumerate(blocks):
            for edge in block.outgoing_edges:
                if edge.target is None:
                    continue
                target_idx = addr_to_idx.get(edge.target.start)
                if target_idx is not None:
                    successors[i].append(target_idx)
                    predecessors[target_idx].append(i)

        # 2. BFS order (reusable across multiple features)
        bfs = cfg_features.bfs_order(successors, n)

        # 3. Collect per-block LLIL operations (for prime product + ACFG features)
        block_llil_ops = self._collect_block_llil_ops(blocks, addr_to_idx, n)
        all_llil_ops = [op for block_ops in block_llil_ops for op in block_ops]

        # 4. Structural counts
        edge_count = sum(len(s) for s in successors)
        total_llil = sum(len(ops) for ops in block_llil_ops)
        call_count = sum(
            1 for ops in block_llil_ops for op in ops
            if op in _CALL_OPS
        )

        # 5. Compute all features
        bb_features = cfg_features.build_block_features(block_llil_ops, successors, n)

        return {
            "cfg_topology_hash": cfg_features.compute_topology_hash(successors, bfs, n),
            "block_count": n,
            "edge_count": edge_count,
            "llil_total_operations": total_llil,
            "call_count": call_count,
            "cyclomatic_complexity": edge_count - n + 2,
            "loop_count": cfg_features.count_back_edges(successors, n),
            "max_depth": cfg_features.bfs_max_depth(successors, n),
            "max_fan_out": max((len(s) for s in successors), default=0),
            "md_index_topdown": cfg_features.compute_md_index_topdown(successors, predecessors, bfs),
            "md_index_bottomup": cfg_features.compute_md_index_bottomup(successors, predecessors, n),
            "prime_product_llil": cfg_features.compute_prime_product(all_llil_ops),
            "cfg_feature_tlsh": cfg_features.compute_cfg_feature_tlsh(bb_features, bfs),
            "wl_minhash": cfg_features.compute_wl_minhash(successors, predecessors, bb_features, n),
            "bb_features": bb_features,
            "cfg_adjacency": cfg_features.pack_adjacency(successors),
        }

    def _collect_block_llil_ops(self, blocks, addr_to_idx, n):
        """
        Collect LLIL operation integers per native basic block.
        Walks the full expression tree of each instruction so that
        nested operations (e.g. ADD inside SET_REG) are captured.
        Returns list of n lists, one per block.
        """
        block_ops = [[] for _ in range(n)]

        if self.llil_function is None:
            return block_ops

        try:
            for llil_block in self.llil_function.basic_blocks:
                # Map LLIL block to native block via source_block
                if llil_block.source_block is not None:
                    native_idx = addr_to_idx.get(llil_block.source_block.start)
                    if native_idx is not None:
                        for instr in llil_block:
                            self._walk_llil_ops(instr, block_ops[native_idx])
        except Exception:
            pass  # Return empty ops — LLIL-dependent fields will be 0/null

        return block_ops

    @staticmethod
    def _walk_llil_ops(expr, ops_list):
        """Collect operation values from an LLIL expression tree iteratively."""
        stack = [expr]
        while stack:
            node = stack.pop()
            if hasattr(node, 'operation'):
                ops_list.append(node.operation.value)
            if hasattr(node, 'operands'):
                for operand in node.operands:
                    if hasattr(operand, 'operation'):
                        stack.append(operand)