Paul S. Chang

95 papers C 64Journal 26Unranked 5
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2025 J jnl
Ocean Surface Retracking in Tropical Cyclones With the KaIA Airborne Radar Altimeter.
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens.
Clayton Bjorland, Zorana Jelenak, Joseph W. Sapp, Casey G. Shoup, Bradley M. Isom, Paul S. Chang, James R. Carswell
2024 C conf
A Machine Learning-Based Rain Rate Estimation from the OceanSat-3 Scatterometer Measurements.
IGARSS
Seubson Soisuvarn, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Qi Zhu
2024 C conf
A Methodology for Calibrating the Pointing Angles of an Airborne Doppler Radar.
IGARSS
Joseph W. Sapp, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang
2024 C conf
Error Characterization of In Situ, Satellite, and Synergistic Sea Surface Wind Products Under Tropical Cyclone Conditions.
IGARSS
Federico Cossu, Evgeniia Makarova, Alberto Rabaneda, Marcos Portabella, Joe Tenerelli, Nicolas Reul, Ad Stoffelen, Giuseppe Grieco, Joe Sapp, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Wenming Lin
2024 C conf
Estimating Tropical Cyclones Wind Radii Using NOAA ASCAT Ultra High-Resolution Measurements.
IGARSS
Suleiman Alsweiss, Seubson Soisuvarn, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Christopher R. Jackson
2024 C conf
Exploring Swell Impact to Radiometer Derived Foam Fraction and Wind Speed.
IGARSS
Faozi Saïd, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Magdalena D. Anguelova, Michael H. Bettenhausen
2024 J jnl
Exploring the Impact of Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity on SMAP Excess Surface Emissivity.
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Faozi Saïd, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Wenqing Tang, Alexander G. Fore, Alexander Akins, Simon H. Yueh
2024 J jnl
Satellite Oceanography in NOAA: Research, Development, Applications, and Services Enabling Societal Benefits from Operational and Experimental Missions.
Remote. Sens.
Eric Bayler, Paul S. Chang, Jacqueline L. De La Cour, Sean Helfrich, Alexander Ignatov, Jeffrey Key, Veronica Lance, Eric Leuliette, Deirdre A. Byrne, Yinghui Liu, Xiaoming Liu, Menghua Wang, Jianwei Wei, Paul DiGiacomo
2023 C conf
A Comparison between COWVR and WindSat Measurements for NOAA's Applications.
IGARSS
Suleiman Alsweiss, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang
2023 J jnl
Documenting Coherent Turbulent Structures in the Boundary Layer of Intense Hurricanes Through Wavelet Analysis on IWRAP and SAR Data.
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Devin E. Protzko, Stephen R. Guimond, Christopher R. Jackson, Joseph W. Sapp, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang
2023 C conf
Exploring SMAP Wind Speed Potential Sea Surface Salinity and Sea Surface Temperature Residual Dependencies.
IGARSS
Faozi Said, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Wenqing Tang, Alexander G. Fore, Alexander Akins, Simon H. Yueh
2023 J jnl
Extending the Usability of Radiometer Ocean Surface Wind Measurements to All-Weather Conditions for NOAA Operations: Application to AMSR2.
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Suleiman Alsweiss, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang
2023 C conf
Frequency Agility Implementation in the Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (IWRAP) Instrument.
IGARSS
Joseph W. Sapp, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, James R. Carswell
2023 J jnl
High-Resolution Coastal Winds From the NOAA Near Real-Time ASCAT Processor.
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Seubson Soisuvarn, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Qi Zhu, Casey G. Shoup
2023 C conf
Toward a Machine Learning Approach for Sea Ice Detection from High Resolution ASCAT Measurements.
IGARSS
Seubson Soisuvarn, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Qi Zhu
2022 C conf
A LOOK AT CYGNSS DEPENDENCE ON SEA SURFACE SALINITY AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE.
IGARSS
Faozi Saïd, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang
2022 C conf
All-Weather Geophysical Model Function for Wind Speed Retrievals from AMSR2.
IGARSS
Suleiman Alsweiss, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang
2022 C conf
Coastal Winds and Sea ICE Detection from the NOAA Near Real-Time Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) Processor.
IGARSS
Seubson Soisuvarn, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Qi Zhu
2022 J jnl
On Dropsonde Surface-Adjusted Winds and Their Use for the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer Wind Speed Calibration.
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Federica Polverari, Joseph W. Sapp, Marcos Portabella, Ad Stoffelen, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang
2022 J jnl
On High and Extreme Wind Calibration Using ASCAT.
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Federica Polverari, Marcos Portabella, Wenming Lin, Joseph W. Sapp, Ad Stoffelen, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang
2022 C conf
Processing of High-Resolution Hurricane Ida Boundary Layer Winds from the IWRAP Instrument on the NOAA WP-3D Aircraft.
IGARSS
Joseph W. Sapp, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Casey Shoup, James R. Carswell
2022 J jnl
The NOAA Track-Wise Wind Retrieval Algorithm and Product Assessment for CyGNSS.
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Faozi Saïd, Zorana Jelenak, Jeonghwan Park, Paul S. Chang
2021 C conf
An Evaluation of NOAA CyGNSS Winds Derived from v3.0 CyGNSS Normalized Bistatic Radar Cross Section.
IGARSS
Faozi Saïd, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang
2021 C conf
An Operational All-Weather Wind Speed from AMSR2.
IGARSS
Suleiman Alsweiss, Joseph W. Sapp, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang
2021 C conf
CEOS Virtual Constellation of Ocean Surface Vector Wind: Status and Recent Progress.
IGARSS
Paul S. Chang, Raj Kumar, Stefanie Linow
2021 C conf
Hurricane Ocean Wind Speeds.
IGARSS
Ad Stoffelen, Gert-Jan Marseille, Weicheng Ni, Alexis Mouche, Federica Polverari, Marcos Portabella, Wenming Lin, Joe Sapp, Paul S. Chang, Zorana Jelenak
2021 C conf
Land Contamination Correction for AMSR2.
IGARSS
Suleiman Alsweiss, Zorana Jelenak, Joseph W. Sapp, Paul S. Chang
2021 C conf
Near-Real-Time Significant Wave Heights in Hurricanes from a New Airborne KA-Band Interferometric Altimeter.
IGARSS
Joseph W. Sapp, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, James R. Carswell, Brian D. Pollard, Alex Theg
2021 C conf
Overview of the Standards and Metrics of Ocean Surface Vector Wind by Spaceborne Microwave Remote Sensing.
IGARSS
Xiaolong Dong, Paul S. Chang, Ad Stoffelen, Marcos Portabella, Raj Kuma, Stefanie Linow, Juhong Zou, Wenming Lin, Xingou Xu
2021 C conf
UMass Simultaneous Frequency Microwave Radiometer (USFMR) Instrument Description, Current and Future Work.
IGARSS
Jezabel Vilardell Sanchez, Joe Sapp, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Stephen J. Frasier
2020 C conf
AMSR-2 Observations of Hurricane Dorian.
IGARSS
Zorana Jelenak, Joe Sapp, Suleiman Alsweiss, Paul S. Chang
2020 C conf
An Overview of NOAA CYGNSS Wind Product Version 1.0.
IGARSS
Faozi Saïd, Zorana Jelenak, Jeonghwan Park, Qi Zhu, Paul S. Chang
2020 C conf
C-Band Cross-Polarization Airborne Ocean Surface NRCS Observations in Hurricanes: 2015-2019.
IGARSS
Joseph W. Sapp, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Stephen J. Frasier
2020 J jnl
Comparison of the Sentinel-1B Synthetic Aperture Radar With Airborne Microwave Sensors in an Extra-Tropical Cyclone.
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Joseph W. Sapp, Alexis Aurelien Mouche, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Stephen J. Frasier
2020 C conf
Scatsat-1 High Winds Geophysical Model Function and its Winds Application in Operational Marine Forecasting and Warning.
IGARSS
Seubson Soisuvarn, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Jeonghwan Park, Qi Zhu, Joe Sapp, Faozi Said
2019 C conf
A 'Track-Wise' Wind Retrieval Algorithm for the CYGNSS Mission.
IGARSS
Faozi Said, Zorana Jelenak, Jeonghwang Park, Seubson Soisuvarn, Paul S. Chang
2019 J jnl
An Assessment of CYGNSS Normalized Bistatic Radar Cross Section Calibration.
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens.
Faozi Said, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Seubson Soisuvarn
2019 C conf
An Overview of NOAA's GCOM-W1/AMSR-2 Product Processing and Utilization.
IGARSS
Paul S. Chang, Zorana Jelenak, Suleiman Alsweiss, Joseph W. Sapp, Patrick C. Meyers, Ralph Ferraro
2019 C conf
Analysis of CYGNSS Wind Characteristics with NOAA L2 Retrievals and TES Method.
IGARSS
Jeonghwan Park, Faozi Said, Stephen J. Katzberg, Seubson Soisuvarn, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang
2019 C conf
NOAA Scatterometer Wind Retrievals from the Scatsat-1 Mission.
IGARSS
Seubson Soisuvarn, Zorana Jelenak, Faozi Said, Jeonghwan Park, Qi Zhu, Paul S. Chang
2019 J jnl
Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer Wind-Speed Retrieval Improvements.
Remote. Sens.
Joseph W. Sapp, Suleiman O. Alsweiss, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, James R. Carswell
2018 C conf
C-Band Cross-Polarization Ocean Surface Observations in Hurricane Matthew.
IGARSS
Joseph W. Sapp, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Stephen J. Frasier
2018 C conf
CYGNSS Observations of Ocean Winds and Waves.
IGARSS
Paul S. Chang, Zorana Jelenak, Faozi Said, Seubson Soisuvarn
2018 C conf
Validation of AMSR2 Oceanic Environmental Data Records Using Tropical Cyclone Composite Fields.
IGARSS
Suleiman Alsweiss, Joseph W. Sapp, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang
2017 C conf
An overview of NOAA's GCOM-W1/AMSR-2 product processing and utilization.
IGARSS
Paul S. Chang, Zorana Jelenak, Suleiman Alsweiss, Seubson Soisuvarn, Patrick C. Meyers, Ralph R. Ferraro
2017 J jnl
Application of GCOM-W AMSR2 and S-NPP ATMS Hydrological Products to a Flooding Event in the United States.
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens.
Ralph R. Ferraro, Patrick C. Meyers, Paul S. Chang, Zorana Jelenak, Christopher Grassotti, Shuyan Liu
2017 C conf
Calibration and validation of the cygnss level 1 data products.
IGARSS
Scott Gleason, Christopher Ruf, Maria Paola Clarizia, Joel T. Johnson, Andrew O'Brien, Paul S. Chang, Zorana Jelenak, Faozi Said, Seubson Soisuvarn
2017 C conf
Evaluation of cygnss gnss-r signal sensitivity to ocean parameters and wind retrieval assesment.
IGARSS
Paul S. Chang, Seubson Soisuvarn, Faozi Said, Zorana Jelenak
2017 J jnl
Remote Sensing of Sea Surface Temperature Using AMSR-2 Measurements.
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens.
Suleiman O. Alsweiss, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang
2017 C conf
Stepped frequency microwave radiometer retrieval error characterization.
IGARSS
Joseph W. Sapp, Suleiman Alsweiss, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang
2016 J jnl
Airborne Co-polarization and Cross-Polarization Observations of the Ocean-Surface NRCS at C-Band.
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Joseph W. Sapp, Suleiman O. Alsweiss, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Stephen J. Frasier, James R. Carswell
2016 C conf
Cross-polarized C-band sea-surface NRCS observations in extreme winds.
IGARSS
Joseph W. Sapp, Paul S. Chang, Zorana Jelenak, Stephen J. Frasier, Tom Hartley
2016 J jnl
Performance Assessment of Simulated CYGNSS Measurements in the Tropical Cyclone Environment.
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens.
Faozi Said, Seubson Soisuvarn, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang
2016 J jnl
The GNSS Reflectometry Response to the Ocean Surface Winds and Waves.
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens.
Seubson Soisuvarn, Zorana Jelenak, Faozi Said, Paul S. Chang, Alejandro Egido
2016 C conf
The GNSS Reflectometry response to the ocean surface.
IGARSS
Paul S. Chang, Zorana Jelenak, Seubson Soisuvarn, Faozi Said
2015 C conf
Estimation of maximum hurricane wind speed using simulated CYGNSS measurements.
IGARSS
Faozi Said, Seubson Soisuvarn, Stephen J. Katzberg, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang
2015 J jnl
Inter-calibration Results of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 Over Ocean.
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens.
Suleiman O. Alsweiss, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Jun-Dong Park, Patrick C. Meyers
2015 C conf
Sea-surface NRCS observations in high winds at low incidence angles.
IGARSS
Joseph W. Sapp, Paul S. Chang, Zorana Jelenak, Stephen J. Frasier, Tom Hartley
2013 J jnl
Airborne Dual-Polarization Observations of the Sea Surface NRCS at C-Band in High Winds.
IEEE Geosci. Remote. Sens. Lett.
Joseph W. Sapp, Stephen J. Frasier, Jason Dvorsky, Paul S. Chang, Zorana Jelenak
2013 J jnl
CMOD5.H - A High Wind Geophysical Model Function for C-Band Vertically Polarized Satellite Scatterometer Measurements.
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Seubson Soisuvarn, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Suleiman Alsweiss, Qi Zhu
2010 C conf
A revised geophysical model function for the advanced scatterometer (ASCAT) at NOAA/NESDIS.
IGARSS
Seubson Soisuvarn, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Qi Zhu
2010 C conf
GCOM data utilization at NOAA.
IGARSS
Paul S. Chang, Zorana Jelenak, Peter A. Wilczynski
2010 C conf
Impact of the dual-frequency scatterometer on NOAA operations.
IGARSS
Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang
2010 C conf
Preliminary investigation of splash effect on high wind C-band HH-pol model function.
IGARSS
James R. Carswell, Dragana Perkovic, Tao Chu, Stephen J. Frasier, Paul S. Chang, Zorana Jelenak
2009 — conf
A Statistical Study of Wind Field Distribution within Extra-tropical Cyclones in North Pacific Ocean from 7-Years of QuikSCAT Wind Data.
IGARSS (1)
Zorana Jelenak, Joseph Sienkiewicz, Khalil Ahmad, Paul S. Chang
2009 — conf
The Development of a C-band Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) Geophysical Model Function at NOAA/NESDIS.
IGARSS (3)
Seubson Soisuvarn, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Qi Zhu
2008 — conf
The Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (IWRAP) Data Archive.
IGARSS (4)
Robert F. Contreras, Stephen J. Frasier, Tao Chu, Dragana Perkovic, John J. McManus, Paul S. Chang, Zorana Jelenak, James R. Carswell, Daniel Esteban-Fernandez
2008 — conf
The Impact of Surface Scattering on Ocean Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) Wind Profile Estimates from an Airborne Doppler Radar.
IGARSS (4)
Tao Chu, Stephen J. Frasier, Daniel Esteban-Fernandez, Paul S. Chang, James R. Carswell
2008 — conf
Validation of NOAA's Near Real-Time Ascat Ocean Vector Winds.
IGARSS (1)
Seubson Soisuvarn, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Qi Zhu, Gordana Sindic-Rancic
2007 C conf
A geophysical model function for windsat polarimetric radiometer wind retrievals using linear polarizations.
IGARSS
Seubson Soisuvarn, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang
2007 C conf
The effect of rain on retrieval of C- and Ku-band scatterometer surface winds during Hurricanes Lili (2002) and Isabel (2003).
IGARSS
Robert F. Contreras, Stephen J. Frasier, Daniel Esteban-Fernandez, Paul S. Chang
2006 C conf
Spectral Behavior of the Ocean Surface Backscatter and the Atmospheric Boundary Layer at C- and Ku-band under High wind and Rain Conditions.
IGARSS
Daniel Esteban-Fernandez, Paul S. Chang, James R. Carswell, Robert F. Contreras, Tao Chu
2005 C conf
Airborne measurements of rain and the ocean surface backscatter response at C- and Ku-band.
IGARSS
Daniel Esteban-Fernandez, Paul S. Chang, James R. Carswell, Robert F. Contreras, Stephen J. Frasier
2005 J jnl
IWRAP: the Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler for remote sensing of the ocean and the atmospheric boundary layer within tropical cyclones.
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Daniel Esteban-Fernandez, Elizabeth M. Kerr, A. Castells, James R. Carswell, Stephen J. Frasier, Paul S. Chang, Peter G. Black, Frank D. Marks
2005 C conf
Windsat applications for weather forecasters and data assimilation.
IGARSS
Thomas Lee, James Goerss, Jeffrey D. Hawkins, F. Joseph Turk, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang
2004 C conf
3-D hurricane boundary layer wind retrieval algorithm for airborne Doppler radar measurements.
IGARSS
Yinghai Ke, Xuehu Zhang, Xiuwan Chen, Jilong Yang, Daniel Esteban-Fernandez, James R. Carswell, Stephen J. Frasier, David J. McLaughlin, Paul S. Chang, Peter G. Black, Frank D. Marks
2004 J jnl
A preliminary survey of radio-frequency interference over the U.S. in Aqua AMSR-E data.
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Li Li, Eni G. Njoku, Eastwood Im, Paul S. Chang, Karen St. Germain
2004 C conf
C- and Ku-band ocean backscatter measurements under extreme wind conditions.
IGARSS
Daniel Esteban-Fernandez, Elizabeth M. Kerr, Stephen J. Frasier, James R. Carswell, Paul S. Chang, Zorana Jelenak, Laurence N. Connor, Peter G. Black, Frank D. Marks, Alex Zhang
2004 C conf
Effect of precipitation on ocean wind scatterometry.
IGARSS
Jilong Yang, Xuehu Zhang, Xiuwan Chen, Yinghai Ke, Daniel Esteban-Fernandez, James R. Carswell, Stephen J. Frasier, David J. McLaughlin, Paul S. Chang, Peter G. Black, Frank D. Marks
2004 J jnl
Retrieving ocean surface wind speed from the TRMM Precipitation Radar measurements.
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Li Li, Eastwood Im, Laurence N. Connor, Paul S. Chang
2004 C conf
The WindSat space borne polarimetric microwave radiometer: sensor description and mission overview.
IGARSS
Peter W. Gaiser, Elizabeth M. Twarog, Li Li, Karen Michele St. Germain, Gene A. Poe, William E. Purdy, Zorana Jelenak, Paul S. Chang, Laurence N. Connor
2004 J jnl
The WindSat spaceborne polarimetric microwave radiometer: sensor description and early orbit performance.
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Peter W. Gaiser, Karen St. Germain, Elizabeth M. Twarog, Gene A. Poe, William E. Purdy, Donald Richardson, Walter Grossman, W. Linwood Jones, David Spencer, Gerald Golba, Jeffrey Cleveland, Larry Choy, Richard M. Bevilacqua, Paul S. Chang
2004 C conf
WindSat validation datasets: an overview.
IGARSS
Laurence N. Connor, Paul S. Chang, Zorana Jelenak, Nai-Yu Wang, Timothy P. Mavor
2003 C conf
A preliminary survey of radio-frequency interference over the U.S. in aqua AMSR-E data.
IGARSS
Li Li, Eni G. Njoku, Eastwood Im, Paul S. Chang, Karen St. Germain
2003 C conf
Hurricane wind and rain measurements using a dual polarized C/Ku-band airborne radar profiler.
IGARSS
Daniel Esteban-Fernandez, Xuehu Zhang, James R. Carswell, David McLaughlin, Paul S. Chang, Laurence N. Connor, Peter G. Black, Frank D. Marks
2003 C conf
The Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler - a dual frequency dual polarized conically scanning airborne profiling radar.
IGARSS
Daniel Esteban-Fernandez, Xuehu Zhang, A. Castells, David McLaughlin, James R. Carswell, Paul S. Chang, Laurence N. Connor, Peter G. Black, Frank D. Marks
2002 C conf
A study of surface winds in tropical storms using modified near real-time processing of QuikSCAT measurements.
IGARSS
Zorana Jelenak, Laurence N. Connor, Paul S. Chang
2002 C conf
Buoy validation of ocean surface wind estimates from the TRMM precipitation radar.
IGARSS
Laurence N. Connor, Paul S. Chang
2002 C conf
Detecting ocean surface winds using TRMM precipitation radar.
IGARSS
Li Li, Eastwood Im, Laurence N. Connor, Paul S. Chang
2002 C conf
Development of an operational microwave sea surface temperature retrieval algorithm.
IGARSS
Timothy P. Mavor, Nai-Yu Wang, Laurence N. Connor, Paul S. Chang, Richard Legeckis
2002 C conf
Measurement of the ocean surface in low to moderate winds at C-band.
IGARSS
Laurence N. Connor, Paul S. Chang
2002 C conf
The accuracy of high resolution winds from QuikSCAT.
IGARSS
Zorana Jelenak, Laurence N. Connor, Paul S. Chang
2002 C conf
WindSat atmospheric forward model comparisons.
IGARSS
Nai-Yu Wang, Paul S. Chang, Richard M. Bevilacqua, Craig K. Smith, Peter W. Gaiser
2000 J jnl
Ocean surface wind retrievals using the TRMM microwave imager.
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Laurence N. Connor, Paul S. Chang
1998 J jnl
Ocean surface wind speed and direction retrievals from the SSM/I.
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Paul S. Chang, Li Li