Osama A. Omer

38 papers C 2Misc 2Journal 26Unranked 8
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2025 J jnl
Frontiers Artif. Intell.
Marina Magdy Saady, Hatim Ghazi Zaini, Mohamed Hassan Essai Ali, Sahar A. El-Rahman, Osama A. Omer, Ali R. Abdellah, Shaima Elnazer
2025 J jnl
Telecommun. Syst.
Abdelrahman Elaraby, Ahmed Mohammed Nor, Osama A. Omer, Octavian Fratu, Simona Halunga, Ahmed S. Mubarak
2025 J jnl
Frontiers Artif. Intell.
Marina Magdy Saady, Hatim Ghazi Zaini, Mohamed Hassan Essai Ali, Sahar A. El-Rahman, Osama A. Omer, Ali R. Abdellah, Shaima Elnazer
2025 J jnl
Multim. Tools Appl.
H. M. Nada, Osama A. Omer, Hamada Esmaiel, Amany A. Arafa, M. Ashour
2025 J jnl
Biomed. Signal Process. Control.
Mohamed R. Shoaib, Heba M. Emara, Ahmed S. Mubarak, Osama A. Omer, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie, Hamada Esmaiel
2024 J jnl
Wirel. Networks
Hassan A. Hassan, Mohamed A. Mohamed, Mohamed N. Shaaban, Mohamed Hassan Essai Ali, Osama A. Omer
2024 J jnl
CoRR
Mohamed R. Shoaib, Heba M. Emara, Jun Zhao, Walid El-Shafai, Naglaa F. Soliman, Ahmed S. Mubarak, Osama A. Omer, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie, Hamada Esmaiel
2024 J jnl
Comput. Biol. Medicine
Mohamed R. Shoaib, Heba M. Emara, Jun Zhao, Walid El-Shafai, Naglaa F. Soliman, Ahmed S. Mubarak, Osama A. Omer, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie, Hamada Esmaiel
2024 J jnl
EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process.
Ahmed Ezzat, Osama A. Omer, Usama S. Mohammed, Ahmed S. Mubarak
2024 J jnl
Wirel. Pers. Commun.
Ahmed S. Mubarak, Hamada Esmaiel, Mostafa Salah, Osama A. Omer, Usama Sayed Mohamed
2024 J jnl
EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw.
Mostafa M. Elsherbini, Osama A. Omer, Mostafa Salah
2024 J jnl
Appl. Intell.
Osama A. Omer, Mostafa Salah, Loay Hassan, Ahmed Abdelreheem, Ammar Mostafa Hassan
2023 J jnl
EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw.
Mohamed A. Mohamed, Hassan A. Hassan, Mohamed H. Essai, Hamada Esmaiel, Ahmed S. Mubarak, Osama A. Omer
2023 J jnl
IEEE Access
Mostafa M. Elsherbini, Osama A. Omer, Mostafa Salah
2023 J jnl
IEEE Access
Shaimaa Hussein Yasin, Osama A. Omer, Ahmed Mohammed Nor, Octavian Fratu, Simona Halunga, Ahmed S. Mubarak
2023 J jnl
Inf.
Khaled M. Abdelgaber, Mostafa Salah, Osama A. Omer, Ahmed E. A. Farghal, Ahmed S. Mubarak
2022 J jnl
IEEE Access
Mostafa Salah, Osama A. Omer, Loay Hassan, Mohamed Ragab, Ammar Mostafa Hassan, Ahmed Abdelreheem
2022 J jnl
IEEE Access
Mostafa Salah, Mostafa M. Elsherbini, Osama A. Omer
2020 J jnl
IEEE Access
Hany S. Hussein, Ahmed S. Mubarak, Osama A. Omer, Usama Sayed Mohamed, Mostafa Salah
2019 conf
AISI
Ahmed S. Mubarak, Osama A. Omer, Hamada Esmaiel, Usama Sayed Mohamed
2019 conf
AISI
M. Somaya Abdel-Khier, Osama A. Omer, Hamada Esmaiel
2019 J jnl
IEEE Access
R. M. Fouad, Osama A. Omer, Moustafa H. Aly
2019 conf
AISI
Ahmed A. Mohamed, Abdou Ahmed, Osama A. Omer
2019 J jnl
IEEE Access
Mostafa Salah, Osama A. Omer, Usama S. Mohammed
2018 conf
ICAC
R. M. Fouad, Ahmed Onsy, Osama A. Omer
2015 conf
ICIAP (1)
Osama A. Omer, M. Atef Bassiouny, Ken'ichi Morooka
2012 conf
ICACCI
Osama A. Omer, Ahmed Abdelreheem
2011 conf
SPIT/IPC
Osama A. Omer
2011 J jnl
Digit. Signal Process.
Osama A. Omer, Toshihisa Tanaka
2010 J jnl
IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci.
Osama A. Omer, Toshihisa Tanaka
2010 J jnl
J. Electr. Comput. Eng.
Osama A. Omer, Toshihisa Tanaka
2009 J jnl
IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci.
Osama A. Omer, Toshihisa Tanaka
2009 C conf
PSIVT
Osama A. Omer, Toshihisa Tanaka
2009 Misc conf
ICASSP
Osama A. Omer, Toshihisa Tanaka
2008 J jnl
EURASIP J. Image Video Process.
Osama A. Omer, Toshihisa Tanaka
2008 Misc conf
ICASSP
Osama A. Omer, Toshihisa Tanaka
2007 C conf
VCIP
Osama A. Omer, Toshihisa Tanaka
2006 conf
PCM
Osama A. Omer, Toshihisa Tanaka
tests/unit/test_decompile_medium_level.py
← Index tests/unit/test_decompile_medium_level.py python
# tests/unit/test_decompile_medium_level.py
"""Unit tests (mocked BN) for bninja/analysis/medium_level.py
   and bninja/analysis/medium_level_normalization.py."""
# tests/unit/test_decompile_medium_level.py
import sys
from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch

# Installa gli stubs BN
from tests.unit.conftest_binja_stubs import install_binja_stubs
install_binja_stubs()

# ── Definisci MockMLILInstruction PRIMA di importare il modulo ──
class MockMLILInstruction:
    def __init__(self, operation, address=0, operands=None):
        self.operation = operation
        self.address = address
        self.operands = operands or []

# ── Patcha il modulo BN in modo che isinstance() funzioni ──
sys.modules["binaryninja"].MediumLevelILInstruction = MockMLILInstruction
sys.modules["binaryninja"].SSAVariable = type("SSAVariable", (), {})
sys.modules["binaryninja"].Variable = type("Variable", (), {})
sys.modules["binaryninja"].ILIntrinsic = type("ILIntrinsic", (), {})

# Ora importa il modulo — vede già i tipi corretti
from redb.extractors.decompiler.bninja.analysis.medium_level_normalization import (
    MediumLevelNormalization,
)	

class MockMLILFunction:
    def __init__(self, instructions):
        self._instructions = instructions

    @property
    def instructions(self):
        return iter(self._instructions)

    @property
    def basic_blocks(self):
        # one block containing all instructions, good enough for MinHasher
        block = MagicMock()
        block.__iter__ = lambda self_: iter([])  # not used by MediumLevelAnalysis
        return [block]


class MockFunction:
    def __init__(self, name="func", start=0x1000, mlil=None):
        self.name = name
        self.start = start
        self.mlil = mlil



class TestMediumLevelNormalization:
    def setup_method(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.bninja.analysis.medium_level_normalization import (
            MediumLevelNormalization,
        )
        self.norm = MediumLevelNormalization()

    def test_normalize_skeleton_single_instruction(self):
        il = MockMLILInstruction(operation=42, operands=[])
        result = self.norm.normalize_instruction_all_levels(il)
        assert result == [42]

    def test_normalize_skeleton_nested(self):
        inner = MockMLILInstruction(operation=7, operands=[])
        outer = MockMLILInstruction(operation=1, operands=[inner])
        result = self.norm.normalize_instruction_all_levels(outer)
        assert result == [1, 7]

    def test_normalize_skeleton_with_list_operand(self):
        inner_a = MockMLILInstruction(operation=10, operands=[])
        inner_b = MockMLILInstruction(operation=11, operands=[])
        outer = MockMLILInstruction(operation=2, operands=[[inner_a, inner_b]])
        result = self.norm.normalize_instruction_all_levels(outer)
        assert result == [2, 10, 11]

    def test_normalize_skeleton_none(self):
        result = self.norm.normalize_instruction_all_levels(None)
        # collect on None should leave ops empty
        assert result == []

    def test_normalize_typed_appends_leaf_types(self):
        # operand is a plain int -> "CONST"
        il = MockMLILInstruction(operation=3, operands=[42])
        result = self.norm.normalize_instr_with_operands(il)
        assert result == [3, "CONST"]

    def test_normalize_typed_bool_before_int(self):
        # bool must be detected before int (since bool is an int subclass)
        il = MockMLILInstruction(operation=4, operands=[True])
        result = self.norm.normalize_instr_with_operands(il)
        assert result == [4, "BOOL"]

    def test_normalize_typed_float(self):
        il = MockMLILInstruction(operation=5, operands=[1.5])
        result = self.norm.normalize_instr_with_operands(il)
        assert result == [5, "FLOAT_CONST"]

    def test_normalize_typed_str(self):
        il = MockMLILInstruction(operation=6, operands=["hello"])
        result = self.norm.normalize_instr_with_operands(il)
        assert result == [6, "STR"]

    def test_normalize_typed_unknown_falls_back_to_typename(self):
        class Weird:
            pass
        il = MockMLILInstruction(operation=8, operands=[Weird()])
        result = self.norm.normalize_instr_with_operands(il)
        assert result == [8, "WEIRD"]

    def test_normalize_typed_nested_mlil(self):
        inner = MockMLILInstruction(operation=99, operands=[7])
        outer = MockMLILInstruction(operation=1, operands=[inner])
        result = self.norm.normalize_instr_with_operands(outer)
        assert result == [1, 99, "CONST"]

    def test_normalize_typed_list_mixed(self):
        inner = MockMLILInstruction(operation=50, operands=[])
        il = MockMLILInstruction(operation=2, operands=[[inner, 99]])
        result = self.norm.normalize_instr_with_operands(il)
        assert result == [2, 50, "CONST"]


class TestMediumLevelAnalysis:
    def _make_analysis(self, instructions=None, mlil=True, start=0x1000):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.bninja.analysis.medium_level import (
            MediumLevelAnalysis,
        )
        mlil_func = MockMLILFunction(instructions or []) if mlil else None
        func = MockFunction(name="testfunc", start=start, mlil=mlil_func)
        bv = MagicMock()
        return MediumLevelAnalysis(func, bv, MagicMock())

    def test_collect_returns_empty_when_no_mlil(self):
        a = self._make_analysis(mlil=False)
        sk, sk_addr, ty, ty_addr = a._collect_mlil_skeleton_and_typed()
        assert sk == [] and sk_addr == [] and ty == [] and ty_addr == []

    def test_collect_skeleton_and_typed_basic(self):
        instrs = [
            MockMLILInstruction(operation=1, address=0x1000, operands=[]),
            MockMLILInstruction(operation=2, address=0x1004, operands=[42]),
        ]
        a = self._make_analysis(instructions=instrs, start=0x1000)
        sk, sk_addr, ty, ty_addr = a._collect_mlil_skeleton_and_typed()

        assert sk == [[1], [2]]
        assert ty == [[1], [2, "CONST"]]
        assert sk_addr == [(0, [1]), (4, [2])]
        assert ty_addr == [(0, [1]), (4, [2, "CONST"])]

    def test_collect_negative_offset_clamped_to_zero(self):
        instrs = [
            MockMLILInstruction(operation=1, address=0x900, operands=[]),
        ]
        a = self._make_analysis(instructions=instrs, start=0x1000)
        _, sk_addr, _, ty_addr = a._collect_mlil_skeleton_and_typed()
        assert sk_addr[0][0] == 0
        assert ty_addr[0][0] == 0

    def test_log_error_records_entry(self):
        a = self._make_analysis()
        a.log_error("boom", "fname", 0x1234, ValueError("x"), "loc")
        assert len(a.errors) == 1
        err = a.errors[0]
        assert err["function_name"] == "fname"
        assert err["function_address"] == "4660"  # hex 0x1234
        assert err["error_location"] == "loc"
        assert err["error_message"] == "boom"
        assert err["error_type"] == "ValueError"
        assert "timestamp" in err

    @patch(
        "redb.extractors.decompiler.bninja.analysis.medium_level.MinHasher"
    )
    def test_analyze_returns_expected_keys(self, mock_minhasher):
        mock_minhasher.return_value.calculateMinHash.return_value = [1, 2, 3]

        instrs = [
            MockMLILInstruction(operation=1, address=0x1000, operands=[]),
            MockMLILInstruction(operation=2, address=0x1004, operands=[42]),
            MockMLILInstruction(operation=3, address=0x1008, operands=[]),
        ]
        a = self._make_analysis(instructions=instrs, start=0x1000)
        result, errors = a.analyze()

        expected_keys = {
            "function_address",
            "body_mlil_skeleton_vector",
            "sha256_mlil_skeleton",
            "tlsh_mlil_skeleton",
            "minhash_mlil_skeleton",
            "body_mlil_typed_vector",
            "sha256_mlil_typed",
            "tlsh_mlil_typed",
            "minhash_mlil_typed",
        }
        assert set(result.keys()) == expected_keys
        assert result["function_address"] == 0x1000
        assert result["minhash_mlil_skeleton"] == [1, 2, 3]
        assert result["minhash_mlil_typed"] == [1, 2, 3]
        assert errors == []

    @patch(
        "redb.extractors.decompiler.bninja.analysis.medium_level.MinHasher"
    )
    def test_analyze_empty_mlil(self, mock_minhasher):
        mock_minhasher.return_value.calculateMinHash.return_value = []
        a = self._make_analysis(mlil=False)
        result, errors = a.analyze()
        assert result["body_mlil_skeleton_vector"] == []
        assert result["body_mlil_typed_vector"] == []
        assert errors == []

    @patch(
        "redb.extractors.decompiler.bninja.analysis.medium_level.MinHasher"
    )
    def test_analyze_sha256_differs_skeleton_vs_typed(self, mock_minhasher):
        mock_minhasher.return_value.calculateMinHash.return_value = []

        instrs = [
            MockMLILInstruction(operation=1, address=0x1000, operands=[42]),
            MockMLILInstruction(operation=2, address=0x1004, operands=["foo"]),
            MockMLILInstruction(operation=3, address=0x1008, operands=[True]),
        ]
        a = self._make_analysis(instructions=instrs)
        result, _ = a.analyze()
        # skeleton ignores operand leaves, typed includes them -> different hashes
        assert result["sha256_mlil_skeleton"] != result["sha256_mlil_typed"]


class TestMinHasherMLILKinds:
    def _make_func(self, instrs):
        # MinHasher iterates basic_blocks then over each block
        block = MagicMock()
        block.__iter__ = lambda self_: iter(instrs)
        f = MagicMock()
        f.basic_blocks = [block]
        return f

    def test_mlil_skeleton_uses_medium_normalizer(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.bninja.similarity.minhasher import (
            MinHasher, TokenKind,
        )
        instrs = [
            MockMLILInstruction(operation=i, operands=[]) for i in range(5)
        ]
        func = self._make_func(instrs)
        hasher = MinHasher(seed=42, il_function=func, kind=TokenKind.MLIL)
        result = hasher.calculateMinHash()
        # 5 instructions -> 3 trigrams -> non-empty signature
        assert result != []

    def test_typed_mlil_differs_from_skeleton(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.bninja.similarity.minhasher import (
            MinHasher, TokenKind,
        )
        instrs = [
            MockMLILInstruction(operation=1, operands=[42]),
            MockMLILInstruction(operation=2, operands=["s"]),
            MockMLILInstruction(operation=3, operands=[True]),
            MockMLILInstruction(operation=4, operands=[1.5]),
        ]
        func = self._make_func(instrs)
        skel = MinHasher(seed=42, il_function=func, kind=TokenKind.MLIL).calculateMinHash()
        typed = MinHasher(seed=42, il_function=func, kind=TokenKind.TYPED_MLIL).calculateMinHash()
        # Same seed, same instructions, but typed has extra leaf tokens
        # -> hashes should generally differ
        assert skel != typed

    def test_mlil_too_few_instructions(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.bninja.similarity.minhasher import (
            MinHasher, TokenKind,
        )
        instrs = [MockMLILInstruction(operation=1, operands=[])] * 2
        func = self._make_func(instrs)
        hasher = MinHasher(seed=42, il_function=func, kind=TokenKind.MLIL)
        assert hasher.calculateMinHash() == []

    def test_unsupported_kind_raises(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.bninja.similarity.minhasher import MinHasher
        func = self._make_func([])
        hasher = MinHasher(seed=42, il_function=func, kind="bogus")
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            hasher.calculateMinHash()