Ola Karajeh

15 papers B 2Journal 5Unranked 7
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2025 J jnl
Comput. Mater. Continua
Yahya M. Tashtoush, Areen Banysalim, Majdi Maabreh, Shorouq Al-Eidi, Ola Karajeh, Plamen Z. Zahariev
2024
Ola Karajeh
2024 conf
TPDL (1)
Ola Karajeh, Mohammed Naji Al-Kabi, Edward A. Fox
2023 J jnl
Inf.
Yahya M. Tashtoush, Noor Abu-El-Rub, Omar Darwish, Shorouq Al-Eidi, Dirar A. Darweesh, Ola Karajeh
2023 conf
ACIT
Ola Karajeh, Mohammed Naji Al-Kabi, Edward A. Fox
2023 B conf
TPDL
Ola Karajeh, Ismini Lourentzou, Edward A. Fox
2022 conf
ACIT
Majdi Maabreh, Omar Darwish, Ola Karajeh, Yahya M. Tashtoush
2022 J jnl
Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks
Yahya M. Tashtoush, Dirar A. Darweesh, Ola Karajeh, Omar A. Darwish, Majdi Maabreh, Safa' Swedat, Rawan Koraysh, Omar Almousa, Nasser Alsaedi
2021 J jnl
Future Internet
Ola Karajeh, Dirar A. Darweesh, Omar Darwish, Noor Abu-El-Rub, Belal Alsinglawi, Nasser Alsaedi
2021 conf
AINA (3)
Mahmoud Elkhodr, Shobana Ashokkumar, Belal Alsinglawi, Omar Darwish, Ola Karajeh, Ergun Gide
2020 B conf
AINA
Belal Alsinglawi, Fady Alnajjar, Omar Mubin, Mauricio Novoa, Ola Karajeh, Omar Darwish
2020 conf
EMBC
Belal Alsinglawi, Fady Alnajjar, Omar Mubin, Mauricio Novoa, Mohammed Alorjani, Ola Karajeh, Omar Darwish
2020 conf
AINA Workshops
Omar Darwish, Christopher M. Stone, Ola Karajeh, Belal Alsinglawi
2019 conf
AINA Workshops
Omar Darwish, Majdi Maabreh, Ola Karajeh, Belal Alsinglawi
2011 J jnl
KSII Trans. Internet Inf. Syst.
Azzam Sleit, Abdel Latif Abu Dalhoum, Mohammad Qatawneh, Maryam Al-Sharief, Rawa'a Al-Jabaly, Ola Karajeh
tests/unit/test_apk_method_extractor.py
← Index tests/unit/test_apk_method_extractor.py python
"""
Unit tests for APK method-level content extraction, hashing, and similarity.

Tests SHA-256 normalization, ssdeep/TLSH computation, obfuscation detection,
and Dalvik-to-Java type conversion.
"""
import pytest

pytestmark = [pytest.mark.unit, pytest.mark.apk, pytest.mark.decompile]


class TestHashingFunctions:
    """Tests for hashing utility functions."""

    def test_sha256_deterministic(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_sha256
        h1 = compute_sha256("invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V")
        h2 = compute_sha256("invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V")
        assert h1 == h2

    def test_sha256_hex_length(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_sha256
        assert len(compute_sha256("test")) == 64

    def test_sha256_different_inputs(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_sha256
        assert compute_sha256("aaa") != compute_sha256("bbb")

    def test_ssdeep_none_for_short(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_ssdeep
        assert compute_ssdeep("short") is None

    def test_tlsh_none_for_short(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_tlsh
        assert compute_tlsh("x") is None


class TestObfuscationDetection:
    """Tests for obfuscation indicator detection."""

    def test_short_method_name_single_char(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("a", "Lcom/Foo;", "", 10)
        assert r["short_method_name"] is True

    def test_short_method_name_two_chars(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("ab", "Lcom/Foo;", "", 10)
        assert r["short_method_name"] is True

    def test_normal_method_name(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("onCreate", "Lcom/Foo;", "", 10)
        assert r["short_method_name"] is False

    def test_short_class_name(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("foo", "Lcom/a;", "", 10)
        assert r["short_class_name"] is True

    def test_normal_class_name(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("foo", "Lcom/example/MainActivity;", "", 10)
        assert r["short_class_name"] is False

    def test_string_encryption_detected(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = (
            'const-string v0, "xyz"\n'
            'invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/Enc;->decrypt(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;\n'
        )
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 10)
        assert r["has_string_encryption"] is True

    def test_no_string_encryption(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = 'const-string v0, "hello"\ninvoke-virtual {v0}, Ljava/lang/String;->length()I'
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 10)
        assert r["has_string_encryption"] is False

    def test_reflection_detected(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = 'invoke-virtual {v0, v1}, Ljava/lang/Class;->forName(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Class;'
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 10)
        assert r["has_reflection_calls"] is True

    def test_no_reflection(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = 'invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V'
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 10)
        assert r["has_reflection_calls"] is False

    def test_excessive_goto_detected(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = "\n".join(["goto :label"] * 10)
        # threshold = max(5, 20*0.15=3) = 5, 10 > 5
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 20)
        assert r["excessive_goto_count"] is True

    def test_no_excessive_goto(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = "goto :label\nreturn-void"
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 100)
        assert r["excessive_goto_count"] is False

    def test_goto_16_counted(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = "\n".join(["goto/16 :label"] * 10)
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 20)
        assert r["excessive_goto_count"] is True


class TestDalvikTypeConversion:
    """Tests for Dalvik-to-Java type conversion."""

    def test_void(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("V") == "void"

    def test_primitives(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("I") == "int"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("Z") == "boolean"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("J") == "long"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("F") == "float"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("D") == "double"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("B") == "byte"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("S") == "short"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("C") == "char"

    def test_object_type(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("Ljava/lang/String;") == "String"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("Lcom/example/Foo;") == "Foo"

    def test_array_type(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("[I") == "int[]"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("[Ljava/lang/String;") == "String[]"

    def test_empty_returns_void(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("") == "void"


class TestJavaPrototypeConversion:
    """Tests for method signature to Java prototype conversion."""

    def test_simple_method(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_to_java_prototype
        assert dalvik_to_java_prototype("foo", "()V") == "void foo()"

    def test_method_with_params(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_to_java_prototype
        result = dalvik_to_java_prototype("bar", "(ILjava/lang/String;)Z")
        assert result == "boolean bar(int, String)"

    def test_method_returning_object(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_to_java_prototype
        result = dalvik_to_java_prototype("create", "()Lcom/example/Foo;")
        assert result == "Foo create()"

    def test_empty_signature(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_to_java_prototype
        result = dalvik_to_java_prototype("m", "")
        assert "m()" in result


class TestDalvikParamParsing:
    """Tests for parsing Dalvik parameter descriptors."""

    def test_empty(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        assert _parse_dalvik_params("") == []

    def test_single_primitive(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        assert _parse_dalvik_params("I") == ["I"]

    def test_multiple_primitives(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        assert _parse_dalvik_params("IZJ") == ["I", "Z", "J"]

    def test_single_object(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        assert _parse_dalvik_params("Ljava/lang/String;") == ["Ljava/lang/String;"]

    def test_mixed(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        result = _parse_dalvik_params("ILjava/lang/String;Z")
        assert result == ["I", "Ljava/lang/String;", "Z"]

    def test_arrays(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        result = _parse_dalvik_params("[I[Ljava/lang/String;")
        assert result == ["[I", "[Ljava/lang/String;"]

    def test_two_objects(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        result = _parse_dalvik_params("Landroid/os/Bundle;Ljava/lang/String;")
        assert len(result) == 2