Oana Stan

40 papers B 1C 7Misc 3Journal 15Unranked 12
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2025 J jnl
IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.
Jean-Paul Bultel, Marina Checri, Caroline Fontaine, Marc Renard, Renaud Sirdey, Oana Stan
2025 J jnl
IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.
Caroline Fontaine, Marc Renard, Renaud Sirdey, Oana Stan
2023 conf
WAHC@CCS
Arnaud Grivet Sébert, Martin Zuber, Oana Stan, Renaud Sirdey, Cédric Gouy-Pailler
2023 C conf
PST
Arnaud Grivet Sébert, Marina Checri, Oana Stan, Renaud Sirdey, Cédric Gouy-Pailler
2023 J jnl
IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.
Luciano Freitas de Souza, Andrei Tonkikh, Adda-Akram Bendoukha, Sara Tucci Piergiovanni, Renaud Sirdey, Oana Stan, Petr Kuznetsov
2023 J jnl
IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.
Adda-Akram Bendoukha, Oana Stan, Renaud Sirdey, Nicolas Quero, Luciano Freitas de Souza
2023 Misc conf
CSR
Alberto Pedrouzo-Ulloa, Aymen Boudguiga, Olive Chakraborty, Renaud Sirdey, Oana Stan, Martin Zuber
2023 Misc conf
CSR
Salvatore D'Antonio, Giannis Lazarou, Giovanni Mazzeo, Oana Stan, Martin Zuber, Ioannis Tsavdaridis
2023 J jnl
CoRR
Arnaud Grivet Sébert, Martin Zuber, Oana Stan, Renaud Sirdey, Cédric Gouy-Pailler
2022 C conf
SECRYPT
Oana Stan, Vincent Thouvenot, Aymen Boudguiga, Katarzyna Kapusta, Martin Zuber, Renaud Sirdey
2022 J jnl
CoRR
Luciano Freitas de Souza, Andrei Tonkikh, Sara Tucci Piergiovanni, Renaud Sirdey, Oana Stan, Nicolas Quero, Adda-Akram Bendoukha, Petr Kuznetsov
2022 conf
FPS
Adda-Akram Bendoukha, Oana Stan, Renaud Sirdey, Nicolas Quero, Luciano Freitas de Souza
2022 J jnl
IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.
Alberto Pedrouzo-Ulloa, Aymen Boudguiga, Olive Chakraborty, Renaud Sirdey, Oana Stan, Martin Zuber
2022 J jnl
CoRR
Arnaud Grivet Sébert, Renaud Sirdey, Oana Stan, Cédric Gouy-Pailler
2022 C conf
ICISSP
Abbass Madi, Oana Stan, Renaud Sirdey, Cédric Gouy-Pailler
2021 conf
ACNS Workshops
Pierre-Emmanuel Clet, Oana Stan, Martin Zuber
2021 C conf
ICISSP
Aymen Boudguiga, Oana Stan, Abdessamad Fazzat, Houda Labiod, Pierre-Emmanuel Clet
2021 B conf
OPODIS
Luciano Freitas de Souza, Andrei Tonkikh, Sara Tucci Piergiovanni, Renaud Sirdey, Oana Stan, Nicolas Quero, Petr Kuznetsov
2021 J jnl
CoRR
Luciano Freitas de Souza, Sara Tucci Piergiovanni, Renaud Sirdey, Oana Stan, Nicolas Quero, Petr Kuznetsov
2020 conf
ICETE (2)
Oana Stan, Loïc Cudennec, Louis Syoën
2020 conf
ACNS Workshops
Abbass Madi, Renaud Sirdey, Oana Stan
2020 C conf
ICISSP
Aymen Boudguiga, Oana Stan, Hichem Sedjelmaci, Sergiu Carpov
2019 Misc conf
EDCC
Sotiris Diamantopoulos, Marco Nalin, Ilaria Baroni, Fabrizio Clemente, Giuliana Faiella, Charis Mesaritakis, Evangelos Grivas, Janne Rasmussen, Jan Petersen, Isaac Cano, Elisa Puigdomènech, Dimitris Karamitros, Erol Gelenbe, Jos Dumortier, Maja Voss-Knude Voronkov, Luigi Romano, Luigi Coppolino, Vassilis Koutkias, Kostas Votis, Oana Stan, Paolo Campegiani, David Mari Martinez
2019 conf
IDCS
Sotiris Diamantopoulos, Dimitris Karamitros, Luigi Romano, Luigi Coppolino, Vassilis Koutkias, Kostas Votis, Oana Stan, Paolo Campegiani, David Mari Martinez, Marco Nalin, Ilaria Baroni, Fabrizio Clemente, Giuliana Faiella, Charis Mesaritakis, Evangelos Grivas, Janne Rasmussen, Jan Petersen, Isaac Cano, Elisa Puigdomènech, Erol Gelenbe, Jos Dumortier, Maja Voss-Knude
2018 conf
SMARTGREENS
Oana Stan, Mohamed-Haykel Zayani, Renaud Sirdey, Amira Ben Hamida, Alessandro Ferreira Leite, Mallek Mziou-Sallami
2018 conf
SMARTGREENS/VEHITS (Selected Papers)
Oana Stan, Mohamed-Haykel Zayani, Renaud Sirdey, Amira Ben Hamida, Mallek Mziou-Sallami, Alessandro Ferreira Leite
2018 J jnl
J. Netw. Comput. Appl.
Mariacarla Staffa, Luigi Sgaglione, Giovanni Mazzeo, Luigi Coppolino, Salvatore D'Antonio, Luigi Romano, Erol Gelenbe, Oana Stan, Sergiu Carpov, Evangelos Grivas, Paolo Campegiani, Luigi Castaldo, Konstantinos Votis, Vassilis Koutkias, Ioannis Komnios
2018 J jnl
BMC Medical Informatics Decis. Mak.
Pantelis Natsiavas, Janne Rasmussen, Maja Voss-Knude, Konstantinos Votis, Luigi Coppolino, Paolo Campegiani, Isaac Cano, David Marí, Giuliana Faiella, Fabrizio Clemente, Marco Nalin, Evangelos Grivas, Oana Stan, Erol Gelenbe, Jos Dumortier, Jan Petersen, Dimitrios Tzovaras, Luigi Romano, Ioannis Komnios, Vassilis Koutkias
2018 C conf
ISPEC
Sergiu Carpov, Oana Stan
2018 J jnl
IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.
Sergiu Carpov, Oana Stan
2018 conf
Euro-CYBERSEC
Mariacarla Staffa, Luigi Coppolino, Luigi Sgaglione, Erol Gelenbe, Ioannis Komnios, Evangelos Grivas, Oana Stan, Luigi Castaldo
2018 conf
CSNet
Oana Stan, Renaud Sirdey, Cédric Gouy-Pailler, Pierre Blanchart, Amira Ben Hamida, Mohamed-Haykel Zayani
2017 J jnl
IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.
Oana Stan, Mohamed-Haykel Zayani, Renaud Sirdey, Amira Ben Hamida, Alessandro Ferreira Leite, Mallek Mziou-Sallami
2016 C conf
CloudCom
Nabil Bouzerna, Renaud Sirdey, Oana Stan, Thanh Hai Nguyen, Philippe Wolf
2016 conf
SCC@AsiaCCS
Oana Stan, Sergiu Carpov, Renaud Sirdey
2015 J jnl
4OR
Oana Stan, Renaud Sirdey, Jacques Carlier, Dritan Nace
2015 ch.
Computational Intelligence in Digital and Network Designs and Applications
Oana Stan, Renaud Sirdey
2014 J jnl
J. Heuristics
Oana Stan, Renaud Sirdey, Jacques Carlier, Dritan Nace
2013 conf
3PGCIC
Oana Stan, Renaud Sirdey, Jacques Carlier, Dritan Nace
2013
Oana Stan
redb/extractors/apk_extractors/apk_signature.py
← Index redb/extractors/apk_extractors/apk_signature.py python
import hashlib
import inspect
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Any, Optional, Tuple

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.apk_extractor import APKExtractor
from redb.models.dataclasses import APKCertificate, APKCodeSigningInfo


# OID to RFC 4514 short name mapping
_OID_SHORT_NAMES = {
    '2.5.4.3': 'CN', '2.5.4.6': 'C', '2.5.4.7': 'L', '2.5.4.8': 'ST',
    '2.5.4.10': 'O', '2.5.4.11': 'OU', '1.2.840.113549.1.9.1': 'E',
    '2.5.4.5': 'SERIALNUMBER', '2.5.4.12': 'T', '2.5.4.42': 'GN',
    '2.5.4.4': 'SN', '2.5.4.9': 'STREET', '2.5.4.17': 'POSTALCODE',
}


def _asn1_name_to_rfc4514(name):
    """Convert an asn1crypto x509.Name to RFC 4514 string (CN=..., O=...)."""
    parts = []
    for rdn in name.chosen:
        for attr in rdn:
            oid = attr['type'].dotted
            val = attr['value'].native
            short = _OID_SHORT_NAMES.get(oid, oid)
            parts.append(f'{short}={val}')
    return ', '.join(parts)


class APKSignatureExtractor(APKExtractor):

    def __init__(
        self, filepath, log, exporters=None, index_prefix=None,
        known_benign=False, known_malicious=False,
        apk=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath, log, exporters, index_prefix,
            known_benign, known_malicious, apk,
        )
        self.signing_info = None
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

    def tag(self):
        return Tag.APK_SIGNATURE.value

    def _detect_signature_schemes(self):
        """Detect which APK signature schemes are present."""
        schemes = []
        try:
            if self.apk.is_signed_v1():
                schemes.append(1)
        except Exception:
            pass
        try:
            if self.apk.is_signed_v2():
                schemes.append(2)
        except Exception:
            pass
        try:
            if self.apk.is_signed_v3():
                schemes.append(3)
        except Exception:
            pass
        return schemes

    def _extract_certificate_info(self, cert, source_scheme=None):
        """Extract certificate details from an androguard certificate object."""
        try:
            # Subject and Issuer — asn1crypto doesn't have rfc4514_string, convert manually
            subject = _asn1_name_to_rfc4514(cert.subject)
            issuer = _asn1_name_to_rfc4514(cert.issuer)

            # Serial number
            serial = str(cert.serial_number)

            # Validity
            valid_from = cert.not_valid_before
            valid_to = cert.not_valid_after
            if isinstance(valid_from, datetime):
                valid_from = valid_from.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
            else:
                valid_from = str(valid_from)
            if isinstance(valid_to, datetime):
                valid_to = valid_to.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
            else:
                valid_to = str(valid_to)

            # Thumbprints
            cert_der = cert.dump()
            thumbprint_sha1 = hashlib.sha1(cert_der).hexdigest()
            thumbprint_sha256 = hashlib.sha256(cert_der).hexdigest()

            # Algorithm
            algorithm = None
            try:
                algorithm = cert.hash_algo
            except Exception:
                try:
                    algorithm = cert.signature_algo
                except Exception:
                    pass

            # Key size
            key_size = None
            try:
                pub_key = cert.public_key
                if hasattr(pub_key, 'bit_size'):
                    key_size = pub_key.bit_size
                elif hasattr(pub_key, 'key_size'):
                    key_size = pub_key.key_size
            except Exception:
                pass

            # Self-signed check
            is_self_signed = cert.subject == cert.issuer

            return APKCertificate(
                subject=subject,
                issuer=issuer,
                serial_number=serial,
                valid_from=valid_from,
                valid_to=valid_to,
                thumbprint_sha1=thumbprint_sha1,
                thumbprint_sha256=thumbprint_sha256,
                algorithm=algorithm,
                key_size=key_size,
                is_self_signed=is_self_signed,
                certificate_source_scheme=source_scheme,
            )
        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting certificate info: {e}")
            return None

    def _get_signer_certificate(self, schemes) -> Tuple[Optional[APKCertificate], Optional[str]]:
        """Identify the actual signer certificate using V3>V2>V1 priority.

        V2/V3: certificates[0] is the signer per spec.
        V1: androguard's get_certificate() does SignerInfo matching internally.

        Returns (signer_cert_info, source_scheme) or (None, None).
        """
        # V3 takes priority (Android 9+)
        if 3 in schemes:
            try:
                certs = self.apk.get_certificates_v3()
                if certs:
                    cert_info = self._extract_certificate_info(certs[0], source_scheme='v3')
                    if cert_info:
                        return cert_info, 'v3'
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.debug(f"V3 signer extraction failed: {e}")

        # V2 next (Android 7.0+)
        if 2 in schemes:
            try:
                certs = self.apk.get_certificates_v2()
                if certs:
                    cert_info = self._extract_certificate_info(certs[0], source_scheme='v2')
                    if cert_info:
                        return cert_info, 'v2'
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.debug(f"V2 signer extraction failed: {e}")

        # V1 fallback — androguard does SignerInfo.issuerAndSerialNumber matching
        if 1 in schemes:
            try:
                names = self.apk.get_signature_names()
                if names:
                    cert = self.apk.get_certificate(names[0])
                    if cert:
                        cert_info = self._extract_certificate_info(cert, source_scheme='v1')
                        if cert_info:
                            return cert_info, 'v1'
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.debug(f"V1 signer extraction failed: {e}")

        return None, None

    def _extract_all_certificates(self, schemes):
        """Extract all certificates with their source scheme tracked.

        Uses scheme-specific methods to preserve source information,
        deduplicating by thumbprint_sha1 and merging source schemes.
        """
        # cert thumbprint -> (APKCertificate, set of source schemes)
        seen = {}

        for scheme_num, method_name in [
            (3, 'get_certificates_v3'),
            (2, 'get_certificates_v2'),
            (1, 'get_certificates_v1'),
        ]:
            if scheme_num not in schemes:
                continue
            try:
                method = getattr(self.apk, method_name, None)
                if method is None:
                    continue
                certs = method()
                if not certs:
                    continue
                for cert in certs:
                    cert_info = self._extract_certificate_info(cert, source_scheme=f'v{scheme_num}')
                    if cert_info:
                        key = cert_info.thumbprint_sha1
                        if key in seen:
                            # Merge source schemes
                            existing_cert, existing_schemes = seen[key]
                            existing_schemes.add(f'v{scheme_num}')
                        else:
                            seen[key] = (cert_info, {f'v{scheme_num}'})
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.warning(f"Error extracting v{scheme_num} certificates: {e}")

        # Build final list with merged source schemes
        result = []
        for cert_info, source_schemes in seen.values():
            cert_info.certificate_source_scheme = ','.join(sorted(source_schemes))
            result.append(cert_info)

        return result

    def extract(self):
        if not self._is_valid_apk():
            self.log.error(f"Invalid APK for {self.hash.sha256}")
            return None

        schemes = self._detect_signature_schemes()
        is_signed = len(schemes) > 0

        # Extract all certificates with source scheme tracking
        certificates = self._extract_all_certificates(schemes)

        # Identify the actual signer using V3>V2>V1 priority
        signer_cert, signer_scheme = self._get_signer_certificate(schemes)

        apk_signer_subject = signer_cert.subject if signer_cert else None
        apk_signer_issuer = signer_cert.issuer if signer_cert else None

        self.signing_info = APKCodeSigningInfo(
            _id=self.sha256,
            is_signed=is_signed,
            signature_scheme_versions=schemes,
            number_of_certificates=len(certificates),
            x509_certificates=certificates if certificates else None,
            apk_signer_subject=apk_signer_subject,
            apk_signer_issuer=apk_signer_issuer,
        )
        return self.signing_info

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        if exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            if not self.signing_info:
                return None

            current_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
            sig = self.signing_info

            # Signature summary table
            signature_data = [[
                self.sha256,
                int(sig.is_signed),
                sig.signature_scheme_versions,
                sig.number_of_certificates,
                sig.apk_signer_subject,
                sig.apk_signer_issuer,
                current_time,
            ]]

            # Certificates table (one row per certificate)
            certificates_data = []
            if sig.x509_certificates:
                for cert in sig.x509_certificates:
                    certificates_data.append([
                        self.sha256,
                        cert.subject,
                        cert.issuer,
                        cert.serial_number,
                        datetime.strptime(cert.valid_from, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") if cert.valid_from else None,
                        datetime.strptime(cert.valid_to, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") if cert.valid_to else None,
                        cert.thumbprint_sha1,
                        cert.algorithm,
                        cert.key_size,
                        int(cert.is_self_signed),
                        cert.certificate_source_scheme,
                        current_time,
                    ])

            return {
                'multi_table': True,
                'signature': {
                    'table': 'redb_apk_signature',
                    'data': signature_data,
                    'column_names': [
                        'sha256',
                        'is_signed', 'signature_scheme_versions',
                        'number_of_certificates',
                        'apk_signer_subject', 'apk_signer_issuer',
                        'analysis_date',
                    ],
                    'column_type_names': [
                        'FixedString(64)',
                        'UInt8', 'Array(UInt8)',
                        'UInt8',
                        'Nullable(String)', 'Nullable(String)',
                        "DateTime64(3, 'UTC')",
                    ],
                },
                'certificates': {
                    'table': 'redb_apk_certificates',
                    'data': certificates_data,
                    'column_names': [
                        'sha256', 'certificate_subject', 'certificate_issuer',
                        'certificate_serial_number',
                        'certificate_valid_from', 'certificate_valid_to',
                        'certificate_thumbprint',
                        'certificate_algorithm', 'key_size', 'is_self_signed',
                        'certificate_source_scheme',
                        'analysis_date',
                    ],
                    'column_type_names': [
                        'FixedString(64)', 'String', 'String', 'String',
                        "DateTime64(3, 'UTC')", "DateTime64(3, 'UTC')",
                        'FixedString(40)',
                        'LowCardinality(String)', 'Nullable(UInt16)', 'UInt8',
                        'LowCardinality(String)',
                        "DateTime64(3, 'UTC')",
                    ],
                },
            }

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        return "redb_apk_signature"