Neng-Chung Wang

54 papers A 1B 11C 4Misc 6Journal 24Unranked 8
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2024 conf
ICCE-Taiwan
Neng-Chung Wang, Ping Wang, Jhen-Cong Luo
2024 conf
ICCE-Taiwan
Neng-Chung Wang, Hsu-Yao Chuang, Huang-Ren Chen
2024 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.
Chao-Yang Lee, Abida Khanum, Neng-Chung Wang, Bala Syam Kumar Karuparthi, Chu-Sing Yang
2023 J jnl
Sensors
Neng-Chung Wang, Ming-Fong Tsai, Chao-Yang Lee, Young-Long Chen, Shih-Hsun Wong
2022 J jnl
Sensors
Neng-Chung Wang, Chao-Yang Lee, Young-Long Chen, Ching-Mu Chen, Zi-Zhen Chen
2020 J jnl
IEEE Access
Neng-Chung Wang, Wei-Jung Hsu
2019 Misc conf
ICMLC
Neng-Chung Wang, Young-Long Chen, Yung-Fa Huang, Li-Cheng Huang, Tzu-Yi Wang, Hsu-Yao Chuang
2019 Misc conf
ICMLC
Young-Long Chen, Neng-Chung Wang, Jing-Fong Ciou, Gun-Wen Xiao, Yi-Shang Liu, Pin-Lun Huang
2018 Misc conf
ICMLC
Yung-Fa Huang, Tan-Hsu Tan, Neng-Chung Wang, Young-Long Chen, Yu-ling Li
2016 J jnl
Int. J. Ad Hoc Ubiquitous Comput.
Tzung-Shi Chen, Neng-Chung Wang, Gwo-Jong Yu, Hsin-Ju Chen
2016 Misc conf
ICMLC
Neng-Chung Wang, Shih-Hsun Wong
2016 J jnl
Ad Hoc Networks
Tzung-Shi Chen, Neng-Chung Wang, Jia-Shiun Wu
2015 J jnl
Comput. Electr. Eng.
Neng-Chung Wang, Yu-Chun Huang
2014 J jnl
Sensors
Yung-Kuei Chiang, Neng-Chung Wang, Chih-Hung Hsieh
2014 conf
IMIS
Neng-Chung Wang, Yung-Kuei Chiang, Young-Long Chen, Chih-Hung Hsieh
2014 J jnl
Wirel. Pers. Commun.
Neng-Chung Wang, Young-Long Chen, Hong-Li Chen
2014 conf
IMIS
Young-Long Chen, Tzu-Chieh Sun, Neng-Chung Wang, Shin You Shie
2014 J jnl
Int. J. Commun. Syst.
Neng-Chung Wang, Chih-Cheng Wen
2014 J jnl
Wirel. Pers. Commun.
Neng-Chung Wang, Yung-Kuei Chiang, Ji-Shuen Wong
2014 J jnl
Wirel. Pers. Commun.
Young-Long Chen, Neng-Chung Wang, Yi-Nung Shih, Jia-Sheng Lin
2013 J jnl
Int. J. Ad Hoc Ubiquitous Comput.
Neng-Chung Wang, Shih-Chien Chang
2013 conf
IMIS
Yung-Kuei Chiang, Neng-Chung Wang, Chih-Hung Hsieh
2013 J jnl
Telecommun. Syst.
Neng-Chung Wang, Young-Long Chen, Chia-Hsin Cheng, Yung-Kuei Chiang, Ying-Yuan Wang
2012 J jnl
Inf. Sci.
Neng-Chung Wang, Chao-Yang Lee
2012 Misc conf
ICMLC
Neng-Chung Wang, Yung-Kuei Chiang, Young-Long Chen
2012 Misc conf
ICMLC
Young-Long Chen, Yu-Cheng Lin, Neng-Chung Wang
2011 C conf
SNPD
Young-Long Chen, Neng-Chung Wang, Chin-Ling Chen, Yu-Cheng Lin
2011 C conf
SNPD
Neng-Chung Wang, Young-Long Chen, Chin-Ling Chen, Ying-Shiou Chen
2011 C conf
SNPD
Chin-Ling Chen, Yu-Fan Lin, Neng-Chung Wang, Young-Long Chen
2011 J jnl
IET Commun.
Neng-Chung Wang, Yung-Kuei Chiang
2010 B conf
IWCMC
Neng-Chung Wang, Shih-Chien Chang, Yung-Fa Huang, Ching-Mu Chen, Young-Long Chen
2010 J jnl
J. Networks
Jong-Shin Chen, Zeng-Wei Hong, Neng-Chung Wang, San-Heui Jhuang
2010 B conf
IWCMC
Hsiu-Yuan Wang, Yu-Sheng Chang, Tung-Jung Chan, Yung-Fa Huang, Neng-Chung Wang, Ching-Mu Chen
2010 B conf
IWCMC
Young-Long Chen, Chih-Peng Li, Jyu-Wei Wang, Jyh-Horng Wen, Neng-Chung Wang
2010 B conf
IWCMC
Yung-Fa Huang, Chin-Ling Chen, Neng-Chung Wang, Jen-Yung Lin, Ching-Mu Chen
2010 J jnl
J. Networks
Yung-Fa Huang, Tung-Jung Chan, Tsair-Rong Chen, Young-Long Chen, Neng-Chung Wang
2010 B conf
IWCMC
Hsiu-Yuan Wang, Tung-Jung Chan, Ching-Mu Chen, Yung-Fa Huang, Neng-Chung Wang, Yu-Sheng Chang
2009 J jnl
J. Netw. Comput. Appl.
Neng-Chung Wang, Chao-Yang Lee
2009 C conf
ICA3PP
Yung-Fa Huang, Tan-Hsu Tan, Yau-Der Wang, Neng-Chung Wang, Ding Yin
2009 J jnl
J. Syst. Archit.
Neng-Chung Wang, Yi-Ping Hung
2008 conf
SUTC
Neng-Chung Wang, Yung-Fa Huang, Wei-Lun Liu
2008 A conf
ACSAC
Neng-Chung Wang, Yi-Ping Hung
2008 J jnl
Wirel. Pers. Commun.
Neng-Chung Wang, Jong-Shin Chen, Yung-Fa Huang, Chi-Lun Chiou
2008 conf
SUTC
Yung-Fa Huang, Neng-Chung Wang, Ming-Che Chen
2008 B conf
SMC
Yung-Fa Huang, Neng-Chung Wang, Tan-Hsu Tan, Cheng-Min Yeh
2007 B conf
IWCMC
Neng-Chung Wang, Po-Chi Yeh, Yung-Fa Huang
2007 B conf
IWCMC
Neng-Chung Wang, Shian-Zhang Fang, Yung-Fa Huang
2007 B conf
IWCMC
Neng-Chung Wang, Chi-Lun Chiou, Yung-Fa Huang
2004 J jnl
J. Supercomput.
Neng-Chung Wang, Chih-Ping Chu, Tzung-Shi Chen
2004 conf
ISPAN
Neng-Chung Wang, Tzung-Shi Chen
2002 J jnl
J. Parallel Distributed Comput.
Neng-Chung Wang, Chih-Ping Chu, Tzung-Shi Chen
2002 B conf
ICPADS
Neng-Chung Wang, Chih-Ping Chu, Tzung-Shi Chen
2000 J jnl
Parallel Comput.
Tzung-Shi Chen, Neng-Chung Wang, Chih-Ping Chu
1998 B conf
ICPADS
Tzung-Shi Chen, Neng-Chung Wang, Chih-Ping Chu
redb/extractors/decompiler/_archive/DecompileBinja-archive.py
← Index redb/extractors/decompiler/_archive/DecompileBinja-archive.py python
import hashlib
import inspect
import json
import os
import time
import threading
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Dict, Any, Optional

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.extractor import Extractor
import magic
import pefile
import ppdeep
import tlsh

# Import our BinjaDecompiler (conditional)
from redb.extractors.decompiler.bninja.decompiler import BinaryNinjaDecompiler

class DecompileBinja(Extractor):
    def __init__(
        self,
        filepath,
        log,
        exporters=None,
        index_prefix=None,
        elastic_index=None,
        known_benign=False,
        known_malicious=False,
        filetype=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath,
            log,
            exporters,
            index_prefix,
            elastic_index,
            known_benign,
            known_malicious,
        )
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

        # Check if Binary Ninja is available
       # if not BINARYNINJA_AVAILABLE:
        #     self.log.error("Binary Ninja is not available in this container")
        #    raise ImportError(
        #        "Binary Ninja module not found - not available in feature extraction container"
        #    )
        self.analysis_results = None
        self.binja_decompiler = None
        self.filetype = filetype

        # Convert TIMEOUT to integer with a default of 1200 seconds (20 minutes)
        try:
            self.BINJA_TIMEOUT = int(os.getenv("BINJA_TIMEOUT", "1200"))
        except ValueError:
            self.log.warning(
                "Invalid BINJA_TIMEOUT value, using default of 1200 seconds"
            )
            self.BINJA_TIMEOUT = 1200

        # Convert TIMEOUT to integer with a default of 1200 seconds (20 minutes)
        try:
            self.DECOMPILE_EXTRACTOR_TIMEOUT = int(
                os.getenv("DECOMPILE_EXTRACTOR_TIMEOUT", "2580")
            )
        except ValueError:
            self.log.warning(
                "Invalid DECOMPILE_EXTRACTOR_TIMEOUT value, using default of 2580 seconds"
            )
            self.DECOMPILE_EXTRACTOR_TIMEOUT = 2580

    def __enter__(self):
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        self.cleanup_run()

    def calculate_md5(self, input_str):
        """Calculate MD5 hash of a string."""
        return hashlib.md5(input_str.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()

    def is_dotnet(self):
        """Check if the binary is a .NET assembly.

        Returns:
            bool: True if the file is a .NET assembly, False otherwise
        """
        try:
            if self.filetype == "pebin":
                file_type = magic.from_buffer(self.binary)
                if ".Net" in file_type:
                    return True
                pe = pefile.PE(self.filepath)
                for entry in pe.OPTIONAL_HEADER.DATA_DIRECTORY:
                    # IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_COM_DESCRIPTOR is typically 14
                    if (
                        entry.name == "IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_COM_DESCRIPTOR"
                        and entry.Size > 0
                    ):
                        return True
                return False
        except AttributeError as e:
            self.log.error(
                f"AttributeError error dotnet file {self.hash.sha256} Full error : {e}"
            )
            return False

    def cleanup_run(self):
        """Clean up after analysis."""
        try:
            # BinaryNinjaDecompiler uses context manager pattern (__enter__/__exit__)
            # Cleanup happens automatically when exiting the 'with' block
            self.binja_decompiler = None

            # Force garbage collection
            import gc

            gc.collect()

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error in cleanup: {e}")

    def analyze_binary(self) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
        """Run Binary Ninja analysis and return results."""
        self.log.debug("Starting binary analysis")

        try:
            # Use BinaryNinjaDecompiler as a context manager to ensure proper setup/cleanup
            with BinaryNinjaDecompiler(
                filepath=self.filepath,
                timeout=self.BINJA_TIMEOUT,
                log=self.log,
                exporters=self.exporters,
                index_prefix=self.index_prefix,
                filetype=self.filetype,
            ) as decompiler:
                self.binja_decompiler = decompiler

                if decompiler.extract():
                    # Store results before context manager exits
                    results = decompiler.analysis_results
                    return results
                else:
                    self.log.error("BinaryNinjaDecompiler extraction failed")
                    return None

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error in Binary Ninja analysis: {e}")
            import traceback
            self.log.error(f"Traceback: {traceback.format_exc()}")
            return None

        finally:
            self.cleanup_run()

    def extract(self):
        """Extract and process all analysis results."""
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

        # Create a flag to track if extraction completed
        extraction_completed = False
        extraction_result = False
        extraction_error = None

        # Define the extraction process as a separate function
        def do_extraction():
            nonlocal extraction_completed, extraction_result, extraction_error
            try:
                results = self.analyze_binary()
                if not results:
                    extraction_result = False
                else:
                    self.analysis_results = results
                    extraction_result = True
            except Exception as e:
                extraction_error = e
                extraction_result = False
            finally:
                extraction_completed = True

        # Start extraction in a separate thread
        extraction_thread = threading.Thread(target=do_extraction)
        extraction_thread.daemon = True
        extraction_thread.start()

        # Wait for the extraction to complete or timeout
        start_time = time.time()
        while (
            not extraction_completed
            and (time.time() - start_time) < self.DECOMPILE_EXTRACTOR_TIMEOUT
        ):
            time.sleep(1)

        if not extraction_completed:
            self.log.error(
                f"Extraction timed out after {self.DECOMPILE_EXTRACTOR_TIMEOUT} seconds"
            )
            # Force cleanup
            self.cleanup_run()
            return None

        if extraction_error:
            self.log.error(f"Error in extraction: {extraction_error}")
            return None

        # Return the actual analysis results, not just a boolean
        return self.analysis_results if extraction_result else None

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        """Prepare data for database export."""
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)
        if not self.analysis_results:
            return None

        # # Delegate to the BinjaDecompiler for consistent export formatting
        # if self.binja_decompiler:
        #     return self.binja_decompiler.prepare_export_data(exporter_type)
        # else:
        #     self.log.error("BinjaDecompiler not available for export preparation")
        #     return None

        if exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)

            def prepare_array_field(value, array_type):
                """Helper to prepare array fields with proper null handling"""
                if value is None:
                    return []
                return value

            # Add a helper function to handle empty strings
            def ensure_not_empty(value, default="UNKNOWN"):
                """Ensure a string value is not empty"""
                if value is None or value == "":
                    return default
                return value

            def ssdeep_disassembly(func):
                try:
                    if len(func) > 1:
                        return ppdeep.hash(func)
                    return ""
                except Exception as e:
                    self.log.error(f"Error in disassembly ssdeep hash calculation: {e}")
                    return ""

            def tlsh_disassembly(func):
                try:
                    if len(func) >= 50:
                        return tlsh.hash(func.encode("utf-8"))
                    return ""
                except Exception as e:
                    self.log.error(f"Error in disassembly tlsh hash calculation: {e}")
                    return ""

            return {
                "multi_table": True,
                "decompiled_content": {
                    "table": "code_binja_decompiled_functions_content",
                    "data": [
                        [
                            f["decompiled_function_hash"],
                            f["decompiled_function"],
                            f["function_type"],
                            now,
                        ]
                        for f in self.analysis_results["decompiled"]
                    ],
                    "column_names": [
                        "decompiled_function_hash",
                        "decompiled_function",
                        "function_type",
                        "analysis_date",
                    ],
                    "column_type_names": [
                        "FixedString(64)",
                        "String",
                        "Enum8('USER'=1, 'LIBRARY'=2, 'THUNK'=3, 'EXTERNAL'=4, 'UNKNOWN'=5)",
                        "DateTime64(3, 'UTC')",
                    ],
                },
                "decompiled_refs": {
                    "table": "code_binja_decompiled_functions_references",
                    "data": [
                        [
                            self.analysis_results["sha256"],
                            self.analysis_results["sha1"],
                            self.analysis_results["md5"],
                            f["decompiled_function_hash"],
                            f["disassembled_function_hash"],  # New linking field
                            f["decompiled_function_name"],
                            f["decompiled_function_prototype"],
                            f["decompiled_function_address"],
                            now,
                        ]
                        for f in self.analysis_results["decompiled"]
                    ],
                    "column_names": [
                        "sha256",
                        "sha1",
                        "md5",
                        "decompiled_function_hash",
                        "disassembled_function_hash",  # New linking field
                        "decompiled_function_name",
                        "decompiled_function_prototype",
                        "decompiled_function_address",
                        "analysis_date",
                    ],
                    "column_type_names": [
                        "FixedString(64)",
                        "FixedString(40)",
                        "FixedString(32)",
                        "FixedString(64)",
                        "Nullable(FixedString(64))",  # New linking field
                        "LowCardinality(String)",
                        "LowCardinality(String)",
                        "UInt64",
                        "DateTime64(3, 'UTC')",
                    ],
                },
                "disassembled_content": {
                    "table": "code_binja_disassembled_functions_content",
                    "data": [
                        [
                            f["disassembled_function_hash"],
                            f.get("disassembled_function", ""),
                            f.get("disassembled_function_no_addresses", ""),
                            f.get("function_type", "UNKNOWN"),
                            f.get("instructions_count", 0),
                            prepare_array_field(
                                f.get("instructions_types"), "LowCardinality(String)"
                            ),
                            f.get("control_flow_count", 0),
                            prepare_array_field(
                                f.get("memory_access_pattern"), "LowCardinality(String)"
                            ),
                            prepare_array_field(
                                f.get("register_usage"), "LowCardinality(String)"
                            ),
                            f.get("data_references_count", 0),
                            f.get("max_block_size", 0),
                            f.get("num_calls", 0),
                            f.get("stack_size", 0),
                            now,
                        ]
                        for f in self.analysis_results["disassembled"]
                    ],
                    "column_names": [
                        "disassembled_function_hash",
                        "disassembled_function",
                        "disassembled_function_no_addresses",
                        "function_type",
                        "instructions_count",
                        "instructions_types",
                        "control_flow_count",
                        "memory_access_pattern",
                        "register_usage",
                        "data_references_count",
                        "max_block_size",
                        "num_calls",
                        "stack_size",
                        "analysis_date",
                    ],
                    "column_type_names": [
                        "FixedString(64)",
                        "String",
                        "String",
                        "Enum8('USER'=1, 'LIBRARY'=2, 'THUNK'=3, 'EXTERNAL'=4, 'UNKNOWN'=5)",
                        "UInt32",
                        "Array(LowCardinality(String))",
                        "UInt32",
                        "Array(LowCardinality(String))",
                        "Array(LowCardinality(String))",
                        "UInt32",
                        "Nullable(UInt32)",
                        "Nullable(UInt32)",
                        "Nullable(Int32)",
                        "DateTime64(3, 'UTC')",
                    ],
                },
                "disassembled_refs": {
                    "table": "code_binja_disassembled_functions_references",
                    "data": [
                        [
                            self.analysis_results["sha256"],
                            self.analysis_results["sha1"],
                            self.analysis_results["md5"],
                            f["disassembled_function_hash"],
                            f["decompiled_function_hash"],
                            f["disassembled_function_name"],
                            f["disassembled_function_address"],
                            ssdeep_disassembly(
                                f.get("disassembled_function_no_addresses", "")
                            ),
                            tlsh_disassembly(
                                f.get("disassembled_function_no_addresses", "")
                            ),
                            now,
                        ]
                        for f in self.analysis_results["disassembled"]
                    ],
                    "column_names": [
                        "sha256",
                        "sha1",
                        "md5",
                        "disassembled_function_hash",
                        "decompiled_function_hash",
                        "disassembled_function_name",
                        "disassembled_function_address",
                        "ssdeep_disassembly",
                        "tlsh_disassembly",
                        "analysis_date",
                    ],
                    "column_type_names": [
                        "FixedString(64)",
                        "FixedString(40)",
                        "FixedString(32)",
                        "FixedString(64)",
                        "Nullable(FixedString(64))",
                        "LowCardinality(String)",
                        "UInt64",
                        "Nullable(String)",
                        "Nullable(FixedString(72))",
                        "DateTime64(3, 'UTC')",
                    ],
                },
                "cfg_blocks": {
                    "table": "code_binja_cfg_blocks",
                    "data": [
                        [
                            b["block_id"],
                            self.analysis_results["sha256"],
                            self.analysis_results["sha1"],
                            self.analysis_results["md5"],
                            b["function_address"],
                            b["block_start_address"],
                            b["block_end_address"],
                            b["block_size"],
                            b["instructions_count"],
                            b["block_instructions"],  # MD5 hash of instructions
                            b["predecessor_blocks"],
                            b["successor_blocks"],
                            b["depth"],
                            b["position"],
                            b["branch_type"],
                            b["block_type"],
                            b["flags"],
                            b["dominators"],
                            b["post_dominators"],
                            now,
                        ]
                        # Flatten: iterate through all functions, then all blocks in each function
                        for func_cfg in self.analysis_results["cfg"]
                        if func_cfg is not None  # Handle None from failed extractions
                        for b in func_cfg["blocks"]
                    ],
                    "column_names": [
                        "block_id",
                        "sha256",
                        "sha1",
                        "md5",
                        "function_address",
                        "block_start_address",
                        "block_end_address",
                        "block_size",
                        "instructions_count",
                        "block_instructions_hash",
                        "predecessor_blocks",
                        "successor_blocks",
                        "depth",
                        "position",
                        "branch_type",
                        "block_type",
                        "flags",
                        "dominators",
                        "post_dominators",
                        "analysis_date",
                    ],
                    "column_type_names": [
                        "FixedString(64)",  # block_id (SHA256)
                        "FixedString(64)",  # sha256
                        "FixedString(40)",  # sha1
                        "FixedString(32)",  # md5
                        "UInt64",  # function_address
                        "UInt64",  # block_start_address
                        "UInt64",  # block_end_address
                        "UInt32",  # block_size
                        "UInt16",  # instructions_count
                        "FixedString(32)",  # block_instructions_hash (MD5)
                        "Array(UInt64)",  # predecessor_blocks
                        "Array(UInt64)",  # successor_blocks
                        "UInt16",  # depth
                        "UInt16",  # position
                        "Enum8('DIRECT'=1, 'CONDITIONAL'=2, 'CALL'=3, 'RETURN'=4, 'FALLTHROUGH'=5, 'INDIRECT'=6, 'UNKNOWN'=7)",  # branch_type
                        "Enum8('CODE'=1, 'DATA'=2, 'THUNK'=3)",  # block_type
                        "Array(String)",  # flags (EntryBlock, ExitBlock, LoopBlock)
                        "Array(UInt16)",  # dominators
                        "Array(UInt16)",  # post_dominators
                        "DateTime64(3, 'UTC')",  # analysis_date
                    ],
                },
                "function_analysis_errors": {
                    "table": "function_analysis_errors_binja",
                    "data": [
                        [
                            self.analysis_results["sha256"],
                            f["function_name"],
                            f["function_address"],
                            f.get("error_location", "unknown"),
                            f.get("error_message", ""),
                            f.get("error_details", ""),
                            f.get("error_type", "unknown"),
                            self.calculate_md5(
                                f"{f['error_message']}{f['function_name']}{f['function_address']}{f['error_location']}"
                            ),
                            "new",
                            now,
                        ]
                        for f in self.analysis_results["errors"]
                    ],
                    "column_names": [
                        "sha256",
                        "function_name",
                        "function_address",
                        "error_location",
                        "error_message",
                        "error_details",
                        "error_type",
                        "error_hash",
                        "status",
                        "analysis_date",
                    ],
                    "column_type_names": [
                        "FixedString(64)",
                        "Nullable(String)",
                        "UInt64",
                        "LowCardinality(String)",
                        "Nullable(String)",
                        "Nullable(String)",
                        "Nullable(String)",
                        "FixedString(32)",
                        "Enum8('new'=1, 'investigating'=2, 'fixed'=3, 'wontfix'=4)",
                        "DateTime64(3, 'UTC')",
                    ],
                },
            }

    def tag(self) -> str:
        """Return the tag for this extractor."""
        return Tag.DECOMPILED.value

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        """Not used directly as we're handling multiple tables."""
        pass


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Setup basic logging
    import logging

    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
    logger = logging.getLogger("DecompileBinja")

    # Parse command line arguments
    import argparse

    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Binary Ninja Decompiler Wrapper")
    parser.add_argument("filepath", help="Path to the binary file to analyze")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--output", "-o", help="Output JSON file path (default: stdout)"
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--timeout",
        "-t",
        type=int,
        default=1200,
        help="Analysis timeout in seconds (default: 1200)",
    )
    args = parser.parse_args()

    # Create and run the extractor
    with DecompileBinja(args.filepath, logger) as extractor:
        success = extractor.extract()

        if not success:
            logger.error("Analysis failed")
            exit(1)

        # Output results
        if args.output:
            with open(args.output, "w") as f:
                json.dump(extractor.analysis_results, f)
            logger.info(f"Results written to {args.output}")
        else:
            print(json.dumps(extractor.analysis_results))