Ned Freed

51 papers Journal 51
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2024 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed, John C. Klensin
2021 J jnl
RFC
Dave Crocker, Ricardo Signes, Ned Freed
2014 J jnl
RFC
Murray S. Kucherawy, Gregory Neil Shapiro, Ned Freed
2013 J jnl
RFC
Arnt Gulbrandsen, Ned Freed
2013 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed, John C. Klensin, Tony Hansen
2012 J jnl
RFC
Abel Yang, Shawn Steele, Ned Freed
2011 J jnl
RFC
John C. Klensin, Ned Freed, Marshall T. Rose, Dave Crocker
2010 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed
2010 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed, Srinivas Saisatish Vedam
2009 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed
2008 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed
2008 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed
2008 J jnl
RFC
Tim Showalter, Ned Freed
2005 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed, John C. Klensin
2005 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed, John C. Klensin
2000 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed
2000 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed, Jon Postel
2000 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed, Steve Kille
2000 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed, Steve Kille
2000 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed
2000 J jnl
RFC
Keith Moore, Ned Freed
1999 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed
1998 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed, Jon Postel
1998 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed, Steve Kille
1998 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed, Steve Kille
1998 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed, Dan Newman, Jacques Belissent, Mark Hoy
1997 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed, Keith Moore
1997 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed, Keith Moore
1997 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed
1996 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed, Keith Moore, C. Allan Cargille
1996 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed, Nathaniel S. Borenstein
1996 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed, John Klensin, Jon Postel
1996 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed, Nathaniel S. Borenstein
1996 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed, Nathaniel S. Borenstein
1996 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed
1995 J jnl
RFC
Steve Crocker, Ned Freed, James M. Galvin, Sandra L. Murphy
1995 J jnl
RFC
Dave Crocker, Ned Freed, C. Allan Cargille
1995 J jnl
RFC
Ned Freed
1995 J jnl
RFC
John Klensin, Ned Freed, Keith Moore
1995 J jnl
RFC
John Klensin, Ned Freed, Marshall T. Rose, Einar Stefferud, Dave Crocker
1995 J jnl
RFC
Jim Galvin, Sandy Murphy, Steve Crocker, Ned Freed
1994 J jnl
RFC
Steve Kille, Ned Freed
1994 J jnl
RFC
Steve Kille, Ned Freed
1994 J jnl
RFC
John Klensin, Ned Freed, Marshall T. Rose, Einar Stefferud, Dave Crocker
1994 J jnl
RFC
John Klensin, Ned Freed, Keith Moore
1994 J jnl
RFC
John Klensin, Ned Freed, Marshall T. Rose, Einar Stefferud, Dave Crocker
1993 J jnl
RFC
Nathaniel S. Borenstein, Ned Freed
1993 J jnl
RFC
John Klensin, Ned Freed, Marshall T. Rose, Einar Stefferud, David H. Crocker
1993 J jnl
RFC
John Klensin, Ned Freed, Keith Moore
1993 J jnl
RFC
John Klensin, Ned Freed, Marshall T. Rose, Einar Stefferud, David H. Crocker
1992 J jnl
RFC
Nathaniel S. Borenstein, Ned Freed
tests/unit/test_apk_method_extractor.py
← Index tests/unit/test_apk_method_extractor.py python
"""
Unit tests for APK method-level content extraction, hashing, and similarity.

Tests SHA-256 normalization, ssdeep/TLSH computation, obfuscation detection,
and Dalvik-to-Java type conversion.
"""
import pytest

pytestmark = [pytest.mark.unit, pytest.mark.apk, pytest.mark.decompile]


class TestHashingFunctions:
    """Tests for hashing utility functions."""

    def test_sha256_deterministic(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_sha256
        h1 = compute_sha256("invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V")
        h2 = compute_sha256("invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V")
        assert h1 == h2

    def test_sha256_hex_length(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_sha256
        assert len(compute_sha256("test")) == 64

    def test_sha256_different_inputs(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_sha256
        assert compute_sha256("aaa") != compute_sha256("bbb")

    def test_ssdeep_none_for_short(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_ssdeep
        assert compute_ssdeep("short") is None

    def test_tlsh_none_for_short(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_tlsh
        assert compute_tlsh("x") is None


class TestObfuscationDetection:
    """Tests for obfuscation indicator detection."""

    def test_short_method_name_single_char(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("a", "Lcom/Foo;", "", 10)
        assert r["short_method_name"] is True

    def test_short_method_name_two_chars(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("ab", "Lcom/Foo;", "", 10)
        assert r["short_method_name"] is True

    def test_normal_method_name(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("onCreate", "Lcom/Foo;", "", 10)
        assert r["short_method_name"] is False

    def test_short_class_name(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("foo", "Lcom/a;", "", 10)
        assert r["short_class_name"] is True

    def test_normal_class_name(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("foo", "Lcom/example/MainActivity;", "", 10)
        assert r["short_class_name"] is False

    def test_string_encryption_detected(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = (
            'const-string v0, "xyz"\n'
            'invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/Enc;->decrypt(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;\n'
        )
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 10)
        assert r["has_string_encryption"] is True

    def test_no_string_encryption(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = 'const-string v0, "hello"\ninvoke-virtual {v0}, Ljava/lang/String;->length()I'
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 10)
        assert r["has_string_encryption"] is False

    def test_reflection_detected(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = 'invoke-virtual {v0, v1}, Ljava/lang/Class;->forName(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Class;'
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 10)
        assert r["has_reflection_calls"] is True

    def test_no_reflection(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = 'invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V'
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 10)
        assert r["has_reflection_calls"] is False

    def test_excessive_goto_detected(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = "\n".join(["goto :label"] * 10)
        # threshold = max(5, 20*0.15=3) = 5, 10 > 5
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 20)
        assert r["excessive_goto_count"] is True

    def test_no_excessive_goto(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = "goto :label\nreturn-void"
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 100)
        assert r["excessive_goto_count"] is False

    def test_goto_16_counted(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = "\n".join(["goto/16 :label"] * 10)
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 20)
        assert r["excessive_goto_count"] is True


class TestDalvikTypeConversion:
    """Tests for Dalvik-to-Java type conversion."""

    def test_void(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("V") == "void"

    def test_primitives(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("I") == "int"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("Z") == "boolean"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("J") == "long"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("F") == "float"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("D") == "double"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("B") == "byte"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("S") == "short"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("C") == "char"

    def test_object_type(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("Ljava/lang/String;") == "String"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("Lcom/example/Foo;") == "Foo"

    def test_array_type(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("[I") == "int[]"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("[Ljava/lang/String;") == "String[]"

    def test_empty_returns_void(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("") == "void"


class TestJavaPrototypeConversion:
    """Tests for method signature to Java prototype conversion."""

    def test_simple_method(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_to_java_prototype
        assert dalvik_to_java_prototype("foo", "()V") == "void foo()"

    def test_method_with_params(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_to_java_prototype
        result = dalvik_to_java_prototype("bar", "(ILjava/lang/String;)Z")
        assert result == "boolean bar(int, String)"

    def test_method_returning_object(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_to_java_prototype
        result = dalvik_to_java_prototype("create", "()Lcom/example/Foo;")
        assert result == "Foo create()"

    def test_empty_signature(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_to_java_prototype
        result = dalvik_to_java_prototype("m", "")
        assert "m()" in result


class TestDalvikParamParsing:
    """Tests for parsing Dalvik parameter descriptors."""

    def test_empty(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        assert _parse_dalvik_params("") == []

    def test_single_primitive(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        assert _parse_dalvik_params("I") == ["I"]

    def test_multiple_primitives(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        assert _parse_dalvik_params("IZJ") == ["I", "Z", "J"]

    def test_single_object(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        assert _parse_dalvik_params("Ljava/lang/String;") == ["Ljava/lang/String;"]

    def test_mixed(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        result = _parse_dalvik_params("ILjava/lang/String;Z")
        assert result == ["I", "Ljava/lang/String;", "Z"]

    def test_arrays(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        result = _parse_dalvik_params("[I[Ljava/lang/String;")
        assert result == ["[I", "[Ljava/lang/String;"]

    def test_two_objects(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        result = _parse_dalvik_params("Landroid/os/Bundle;Ljava/lang/String;")
        assert len(result) == 2