Navid Ghavami

14 papers Journal 6Unranked 8
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2025 J jnl
Biomed. Signal Process. Control.
Mehran Taghipour-Gorjikolaie, Navid Ghavami, Lorenzo Papini, Mario Badia, Arianna Fracassini, Alessandra Bigotti, Gianmarco Palomba, Daniel Álvarez Sánchez-Bayuela, Cristina Romero Castellano, Riccardo Loretoni, Massimo Calabrese, Alberto Stefano Tagliafico, Mohammad Ghavami, Gianluigi Tiberi
2025 conf
ISMICT
Mehran Taghipour-Gorjikolaie, Navid Ghavami, Lorenzo Papini, Mario Badia, Arianna Fracassini, Alessandra Bigotti, Gianmarco Palomba, Banafsheh Khalesi, Bilal Khalid, Cristina Romero Castellano, Riccardo Loretoni, Massimo Calabrese, Alberto Stefano Tagliafico, Mohammad Ghavami, Gianluigi Tiberi
2024 conf
MeMeA
Mehran Taghipour-Gorjikolaie, Banafsheh Khalesi, Navid Ghavami, Gianluigi Tiberi, Mario Badia, Lorenzo Papini, Arianna Fracassini, Alessandra Bigotti, Gianmarco Palomba, Mohammad Ghavami
2024 conf
ISMICT
Bilal Khalid, Banafsheh Khalesi, Navid Ghavami, Robert A. Brown, Sandra E. M. Dudley, Mohammad Ghavami, Gianluigi Tiberi
2024 conf
ISMICT
Harry Shadwell, Sylvester Ndidiamaka Nnadi, Aliyu Aliyu, Navid Ghavami, Mohammad Ghavami, Gianluigi Tiberi, Behnaz Sohani
2024 conf
ISMICT
Mehran Taghipour-Gorjikolaie, Navid Ghavami, Gianluigi Tiberi, Mario Badia, Lorenzo Papini, Arianna Fracassini, Alessandra Bigotti, Gianmarco Palomba, Mohammad Ghavami
2022 J jnl
IEEE Access
Bilal Khalid, Banafsheh Khalesi, Navid Ghavami, Lorenzo Sani, Alessandro Vispa, Mario Badia, Sandra E. M. Dudley, Mohammad Ghavami, Gianluigi Tiberi
2020 J jnl
Biomed. Signal Process. Control.
Behnaz Sohani, Banafsheh Khalesi, Navid Ghavami, Mohammad Ghavami, Sandra E. M. Dudley, Amir Rahmani, Gianluigi Tiberi
2020 J jnl
Sensors
Behnaz Sohani, James Puttock, Banafsheh Khalesi, Navid Ghavami, Mohammad Ghavami, Sandra E. M. Dudley, Gianluigi Tiberi
2020 J jnl
Sensors
Olympia Karadima, Mohammed Rahman, Ioannis Sotiriou, Navid Ghavami, Pan Lu, Syed Ahsan, Panagiotis Kosmas
2019 J jnl
Biomed. Signal Process. Control.
Lorenzo Sani, Navid Ghavami, Alessandro Vispa, Martina Paoli, Giovanni Raspa, Mohammad Ghavami, Francesco Sacchetti, Eleonora Vannini, Simonetta Ercolani, Andrea Saracini, Michele Duranti, Gianluigi Tiberi
2018 conf
Euro-CYBERSEC
Anastasija Collen, Niels A. Nijdam, Javier Augusto-Gonzalez, Sokratis K. Katsikas, Konstantinos M. Giannoutakis, Georgios P. Spathoulas, Erol Gelenbe, Konstantinos Votis, Dimitrios Tzovaras, Navid Ghavami, Melanie Volkamer, Piroska Haller, Alvaro Sánchez, Miltiadis Dimas
2018 conf
IST
Banafsheh Khalesi, Gianluigi Tiberi, Navid Ghavami, Mohammad Ghavami, Sandra E. M. Dudley
2016 conf
CSNDSP
Navid Ghavami, Gianluigi Tiberi, Mohammad Ghavami, Sandra E. M. Dudley, Majella Lane
redb/extractors/decompiler/bninja/analysis/scores.py
← Index redb/extractors/decompiler/bninja/analysis/scores.py python
from collections import deque
from binaryninja import highlevelil
from binaryninja.enums import HighLevelILOperation


class ObfuscationScores:
    def __init__(self, hlil_function):
        self.function = hlil_function
        self._basic_blocks = list(hlil_function.basic_blocks) if hlil_function and hlil_function.basic_blocks else []
        self._block_count = len(self._basic_blocks)

    def flattened_score(self):
        """
        A heuristic for detecting control flow flattening from Tim Blazytko.
        Source: https://www.synthesis.to/2021/03/03/flattening_detection.html
        """
        if self._block_count == 0:
            return 0.0

        max_flattening_ratio = 0.0

        for basic_block in self._basic_blocks:
            dominated = get_dominated_by(basic_block)
            if not any(edge.source in dominated for edge in basic_block.incoming_edges):
                continue
            ratio = len(dominated) / self._block_count
            if ratio > max_flattening_ratio:
                max_flattening_ratio = ratio

        return max_flattening_ratio

    def MBA_score(self):
        """
        Score for MBA is obtained by the number of instructions that have at least one arithmetic operation and
        one logic operation DIVIDED by the number of instructions.
        """
        total = 0
        mba_count = 0

        for ins in self.function.instructions:
            total += 1
            if uses_mba(ins):
                mba_count += 1

        if total == 0:
            return 0.0

        return mba_count / total

def get_dominated_by(dominator):
    """
    Get the dominators that are dominated by the given dominator.
    (To recall the theory, a basic block B is called dominator for A if every path from START
    to A must include B)
    """
    result = set()
    worklist = deque([dominator])

    while worklist:
        block = worklist.popleft()
        if block in result:
            continue
        result.add(block)
        worklist.extend(block.dominator_tree_children)

    return result

_ARITHMETIC_OPS = frozenset({
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_ADD,
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_NEG,
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_SUB,
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_MUL,
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_DIVS,
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_MODS,
})

_LOGIC_OPS = frozenset({
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_NOT,
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_AND,
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_OR,
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_XOR,
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_LSR,
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_LSL,
})

_MBA_OPS = _ARITHMETIC_OPS | _LOGIC_OPS

def uses_mba(hlil_instruction):
    uses_logic = False
    uses_arithmetic = False
    stack = [hlil_instruction]

    while stack:
        instruction = stack.pop()

        if not isinstance(instruction, highlevelil.HighLevelILInstruction):
            continue

        op = instruction.operation

        if op not in _MBA_OPS:
            for operand in instruction.operands:
                if isinstance(operand, highlevelil.HighLevelILInstruction):
                    stack.append(operand)
            continue

        if op in _ARITHMETIC_OPS:
            uses_arithmetic = True
        else:
            uses_logic = True

        if uses_logic and uses_arithmetic:
            return True

        for operand in instruction.operands:
            if isinstance(operand, highlevelil.HighLevelILInstruction):
                stack.append(operand)

    return False