Naveed Ahmad

36 papers C 1Misc 2Journal 30Unranked 3
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2026 J jnl
Comput. Electr. Eng.
Md. Fatin Ishraque, Sk. A. Shezan, Innocent Kamwa, Yang Li, G. M. Shafiullah, Naveed Ahmad, Farooq Ahmad
2025 conf
ICC Workshops
Georgios Zachos, Filippos Pelekoudas Oikonomou, Georgios Mantas, Kyriakos Porfyrakis, Georgia Sakellari, Joaquim Manuel C. S. Bastos, Naveed Ahmad, Jonathan Rodriguez
2025 J jnl
Frontiers Blockchain
Gauhar Ali, Sajid Shah, Mohammed Ahmed El-Affendi, Naveed Ahmad
2025 J jnl
IEEE Access
Naveed Ahmad, Sikandar Khan, Gulzar Alam, Sherif M. Hanafy
2025 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Naveed Ahmad, Mariam Akbar, Eman H. Alkhammash, Mona M. Jamjoom
2025 J jnl
Image Vis. Comput.
Nasir Rahim, Naveed Ahmad, Waseem Ullah, Jatin Bedi, Younhyun Jung
2025 J jnl
Inf.
Isra Zafat, Arshad Iqbal, Maqbool Khan, Naveed Ahmad, Mohammed Ali Alshara
2025 J jnl
IEEE Access
Naveed Ahmad, Mariam Akbar, Eman H. Alkhammash, Mona M. Jamjoom
2025 conf
ICC Workshops
Naveed Ahmad, Abdulkareem Karasuwa, Jonathan Rodriguez, Ali Roula, Burak Unal
2025 J jnl
Comput. Networks
Usman Ali Gulzari, Waqar Farooq, Syed Nasir Mehmood Shah, Naveed Ahmad, Hessam S. Sarjoughian, Iftikhar Ahmed Khan, Sheraz Anjum
2024 J jnl
Int. J. Netw. Virtual Organisations
Naveed Ahmad, Muhammad Siraj Rathore, Md. Asri Ngadi
2024 J jnl
PeerJ Comput. Sci.
Ahmed Ali, Arshad Iqbal, Sohail Khan, Naveed Ahmad, Sajid Shah
2024 J jnl
Algorithms
Seham Gamil, Feng Zeng, Moath Alrifaey, Muhammad Asim, Naveed Ahmad
2024 J jnl
Int. J. Mach. Learn. Cybern.
Zhensheng Wang, Hongwei Yang, Naveed Ahmad, Lina Zhao
2024 J jnl
IEEE Access
Abdul Sami, Fazila Malik, Qazi Waqas Khan, Nadeem Ahmad, Sajid Shah, Mohammed Ahmed El-Affendi, Naveed Ahmad
2024 J jnl
Bull. Comput. Data Sci.
Naveed Ahmad
2024 J jnl
CoRR
Muhammed Fatih Bulut, Yingqi Liu, Naveed Ahmad, Maximilian Turner, Sami Ait Ouahmane, Cameron Andrews, Lloyd G. Greenwald
2024 J jnl
CoRR
Muhammed Fatih Bulut, Acar Tamersoy, Naveed Ahmad, Yingqi Liu, Lloyd G. Greenwald
2024 J jnl
CoRR
Pir Sami Ullah Shah, Naveed Ahmad, Mirza Omer Beg
2023 J jnl
IEEE Internet Things J.
Naveed Ahmad, Malcolm Egan, Jean-Marie Gorce, Jilles Steeve Dibangoye, Frédéric Le Mouël
2023 J jnl
PeerJ Comput. Sci.
Haroon Shams, Tariqullah Jan, Amjad Ali, Naveed Ahmad, Abid Munir, Ruhul Amin Khalil
2023 Misc conf
ICASSP
Naveed Ahmad, Malcolm Egan, Jean-Marie Gorce, Jilles Steeve Dibangoye, Frédéric Le Mouël
2022 J jnl
PeerJ Comput. Sci.
Aseem Kumar, Arun Malik, Isha Batra, Naveed Ahmad, Sumaira Johar
2022 J jnl
Bull. Comput. Data Sci.
Naveed Ahmad
2022 J jnl
IEEE Access
Naveed Ahmad, Muhammad Daud Awan, Malik Sikander Hayat Khiyal, Muhammad Imran Babar, Abdelzahir Abdelmaboud, Hamza Awad Ibrahim, Nadir O. Hamed
2022 J jnl
Sensors
Waqar Younas, Gauhar Ali, Naveed Ahmad, Qamar Abbas, Muhammad Talha Masood, Asim Munir, Mohammed Ahmed El-Affendi
2022 J jnl
CoRR
Christian Ghiaus, Naveed Ahmad
2021 J jnl
J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res.
Shuchi Gupta, Nishad Nawaz, Adel Abdulmohsen Alfalah, Rana Tahir Naveed, Saqib Muneer, Naveed Ahmad
2020 J jnl
CoRR
Roquia Mushtaq, Naveed Ahmad, Aimal Rextin, Muhammad Muddassir Malik
2019 J jnl
IEEE Access
Muhammad Fahimullah, Yasir Faheem, Naveed Ahmad
2018 J jnl
Inf. Softw. Technol.
Naveed Ahmad, Aimal Rextin, Um E. Kulsoom
2014 C conf
SECRYPT
Muhammad Awais Shibli, Naveed Ahmad, Ayesha Kanwal, Abdul Ghafoor Abbasi
2013 J jnl
SIAM J. Control. Optim.
Naveed Ahmad, Muhammad Shoaib Saleem, Nasir Rehman, Sultan Hussain, Malkhaz Shashiashvili
2011 Misc conf
FIT
Naveed Ahmad, Azam Khan, Faiza Bibi
2004 conf
GCC
Naveed Ahmad, Arshad Ali, Ashiq Anjum, Tahir Azim, Julian J. Bunn, Ali Hassan, Ahsan Ikram, Frank van Lingen, Richard McClatchey, Harvey B. Newman, Conrad Steenberg, Michael Thomas, Ian Willers
2004 J jnl
CoRR
Naveed Ahmad, Arshad Ali, Ashiq Anjum, Tahir Azim, Julian J. Bunn, Ali Hassan, Ahsan Ikram, Frank van Lingen, Richard McClatchey, Harvey B. Newman, Conrad Steenberg, Michael Thomas, Ian Willers
redb/extractors/macho_extractors/macho_imports.py
← Index redb/extractors/macho_extractors/macho_imports.py python
import inspect
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Any

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.macho_extractor import MachOExtractor
from redb.models.dataclasses import MachOImport


class MachOImportExtractor(MachOExtractor):

    def __init__(
        self,
        filepath,
        log,
        exporters=None,
        index_prefix=None,
        elastic_index=None,
        known_benign=False,
        known_malicious=False,
        macho=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath,
            log,
            exporters,
            index_prefix,
            elastic_index,
            known_benign,
            known_malicious,
            macho,
        )
        self.elastic_index = self.index_prefix + "-macho_imports"
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

    def tag(self):
        return Tag.MACHO_IMPORT.value

    def _extract_imports(self, arch_name=None):
        """Extract import information from the MachO binary for a specific architecture.

        Handles machofile v2026.2.4+ API where get_imported_functions() returns:
        Dict[str, List[Dict]] where each dict has {'name': str, 'sources': [str, ...]}
        """
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

        if not self.macho:
            return None

        try:
            # Get imported functions using API for specific architecture
            imported_functions = self.macho.get_imported_functions(arch=arch_name)
            if not imported_functions:
                return None

            # Keep the library→functions mapping (like PE does)
            library_names = []
            imports_with_mapping = []  # List of {library: [(name, source), ...]}

            for dylib_name, functions in imported_functions.items():
                # v2026.2.4+: dylib_name is already str, but handle bytes for compatibility
                if isinstance(dylib_name, bytes):
                    dylib_name = dylib_name.decode('utf-8', errors='replace')
                library_names.append(dylib_name)

                # Process function entries
                func_list = []
                for func_entry in functions:
                    # v2026.2.4+: func_entry is {'name': str, 'sources': [str, ...]}
                    if isinstance(func_entry, dict):
                        func_name = func_entry.get('name', '')
                        # Join sources if multiple, take first if single
                        sources = func_entry.get('sources', [])
                        import_source = sources[0] if sources else None
                        func_list.append((func_name, import_source))
                    else:
                        # Legacy format: func_entry is str or bytes
                        if isinstance(func_entry, bytes):
                            func_entry = func_entry.decode('utf-8', errors='replace')
                        func_list.append((func_entry, None))

                imports_with_mapping.append({dylib_name: func_list})

            # Count total functions
            total_functions = sum(len(list(d.values())[0]) for d in imports_with_mapping)

            # Create import dataclass with mapping preserved
            macho_import = MachOImport(
                macho_imports_total=total_functions,
                macho_import_libraryName=library_names if library_names else None,
                macho_import_functions=imports_with_mapping if imports_with_mapping else None
            )

            return macho_import

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting MachO imports for arch {arch_name}: {e}")
            return None

    def extract(self):
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)
        try:
            # Get architectures (macho is already parsed in base class)
            architectures = self.macho.get_architectures()
            if len(architectures) > 1:
                # FAT binary - return list of imports for each architecture
                results = []
                for arch_name in architectures:
                    imports = self._extract_imports(arch_name)
                    if imports:
                        imports.arch_identifier = arch_name
                        results.append(imports)
                return results
            else:
                # Single architecture - return single result
                return self._extract_imports(architectures[0] if architectures else None)
        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting MachO imports: {e}")
            return None

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        if exporter_type == "ElasticsearchExporter":
            return self.extract()
        elif exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            if not self.macho:
                return None

            # Get architectures (macho is already parsed in base class)
            try:
                architectures = self.macho.get_architectures()
                is_fat = len(architectures) > 1
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.error(f"Could not get architectures: {e}")
                return None

            # Flatten the data - one row per function import (like PE imports)
            data = []
            current_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)

            # Loop through each architecture (1 for single, multiple for FAT)
            for arch_name in architectures:
                # Get architecture-specific sha256
                try:
                    arch_general_info = self.macho.get_general_info(arch=arch_name)
                    arch_header_raw = self.macho.get_macho_header(arch=arch_name)
                    arch_sha256 = arch_general_info.get('SHA256', self.sha256)
                    arch_cputype_raw = arch_header_raw.get('cputype', 0) if arch_header_raw else 0
                except Exception as e:
                    self.log.warning(f"Could not get arch-specific data for {arch_name}: {e}")
                    arch_sha256 = self.sha256
                    arch_cputype_raw = 0

                # Get imports for this architecture
                macho_import = self._extract_imports(arch_name)
                if not macho_import or not macho_import.macho_import_functions:
                    continue

                # Flatten to one row per (library, function) pair
                for lib_funcs in macho_import.macho_import_functions:
                    for lib, funcs in lib_funcs.items():
                        for func_name, import_source in funcs:
                            data.append([
                                arch_sha256,        # sha256 (arch-specific)
                                lib,                # library_name
                                func_name,          # function_name
                                import_source,      # import_source (chained_fixups, bind_opcodes, symtab)
                                current_time,       # analysis_date
                            ])

            column_names = [
                'sha256',
                'library_name', 'function_name', 'import_source',
                'analysis_date'
            ]

            if not data:
                return None

            column_type_names = [
                'FixedString(64)',
                'LowCardinality(String)', 'LowCardinality(String)', 'LowCardinality(Nullable(String))',
                'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')'
            ]

            return (data, column_names, column_type_names)

        return None

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        return "redb_macho_imports"