Naeem Ahmed

15 papers B 1Journal 11Unranked 3
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2026 J jnl
Simul. Model. Pract. Theory
Arun Ananthanarayanan, S. Kanithan, Sathish Kumar Hari, Naeem Ahmed, Nadeem Pasha
2026 J jnl
Image Vis. Comput.
Sundas Iqbal, Qing Tian, Muhammad Saeed, Naeem Ahmed
2026 J jnl
IEEE Access
Hassan Ali, Abid Mehmood, David Noule Tolno, Sery Gahouidi Junior Thierry S, Muhammad Saeed, Naeem Ahmed
2026 J jnl
Pattern Anal. Appl.
Naeem Ahmed, Qing Tian, Muhammad Saeed
2025 J jnl
Veh. Commun.
Naeem Ahmed, Farman Ali, Qingzhe Deng, Qiuming Zhu, Xiaomin Chen, Boyu Hua, Junwei Bao, Kai Mao
2024 B conf
GLOBECOM
Farman Ali, Qiuming Zhu, Yinglan Pan, Naeem Ahmed, Xiaomin Chen, Kai Mao, Boyu Hua
2024 J jnl
Health Inf. Sci. Syst.
Mahmood Ul Hassan, Amin A. Al-Awady, Naeem Ahmed, Muhammad Saeed, Jarallah Alqahtani, Ali Mousa Mohamed Alahmari, Muhammad Wasim Javed
2024 J jnl
Clust. Comput.
Zaid Mustafa, Rashid Amin, Hamza Aldabbas, Naeem Ahmed
2024 J jnl
IEEE Access
Malik Hasnain Ahmed, Yousaf Saeed, Abid Mehmood, Muhammad Saeed, Naeem Ahmed, Qazi Mudassar Ilyas, Sajid Iqbal, Naushad Abid
2023 J jnl
KSII Trans. Internet Inf. Syst.
Muhammad Saeed, Naeem Ahmed, Abid Mehmood, Muhammad Aftab, Rashid Amin, Shahid Kamal
2022 conf
AIABI@AI*IA
Danish Ali, Francesco Epifania, Naeem Ahmed, Bilal Khan, Luca Marconi, Ricardo A. Matamoros A.
2022 J jnl
Secur. Commun. Networks
Naeem Ahmed, Rashid Amin, Hamza Aldabbas, Deepika Koundal, Bader Alouffi, Tariq Shah
2021 conf
WCSP
Fei Bai, Minghui Pang, Qiuming Zhu, Hanpeng Li, Xiaomin Chen, Weizhi Zhong, Naeem Ahmed
2021 J jnl
Sensors
Naeem Ahmed, Boyu Hua, Qiuming Zhu, Kai Mao, Junwei Bao
2020 conf
MLICOM
Naeem Ahmed, Boyu Hua, Qiuming Zhu, Mao Kai
docs/new_database_schema.md
← Index docs/new_database_schema.md markdown

## LLIL function

| Field Name | Field Type | Description |
|-------------|-------------|-------------|
| function_type | string | The inferred type of the analyzed function, determined by the FunctionTypeAnalysis module (e.g., standard, library, thunk). |
| sha256_llil | string | SHA-256 hash computed from the Low-Level Intermediate Language (LLIL) instructions of the function. |
| ssdeep_llil | string | Fuzzy hash (ssdeep) of the LLIL instruction sequence, used for similarity detection. |
| tlsh_llil | string | TLSH (Trend Locality Sensitive Hash) value of the LLIL instructions, used for approximate matching and similarity comparison. |
| instructions_types_llil | list[string] | List of unique LLIL instruction types (e.g., arithmetic, control flow, memory operations). |
| control_flow_count_llil | integer | Number of control flow instructions in the LLIL representation (e.g., branches, jumps, calls). |
| memory_access_pattern_llil | dict | Patterns of memory access operations detected in the LLIL code (e.g., loads, stores, stack operations). |
| register_usage | dict | Summary of register usage, indicating which registers are read and written in the function. |
| total_reg_reads | integer | Total number of register read operations in the LLIL code. |
| total_reg_written | integer | Total number of register write operations in the LLIL code. |
| data_references_count | integer | Number of data references in the LLIL code (e.g., constants, global variables). |
| max_block_size | integer | Size of the largest basic block in the LLIL representation, measured in number of instructions. |
| num_calls | integer | Total number of function call instructions present in the LLIL code. |
| stack_size | integer | Estimated stack size used by the function, inferred from LLIL analysis. |


## CFG level

| Field Name          | Field Type    | Description                                                                                                                               |
|---------------------|---------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| block_id            | integer       | Unique identifier for the basic block within the function (block_instructions + str(block.start) + str(block.end) + str(function.start)). |
| function_address    | integer       | Starting memory address of the parent function containing this block.                                                                     |
| block_start_address | integer       | Starting address of the basic block in memory.                                                                                            |
| block_end_address   | integer       | Ending address of the basic block in memory.                                                                                              |
| block_size          | integer       | Size of the basic block in bytes (computed as end - start).                                                                               |
| instructions_count  | integer       | Number of instructions contained in the basic block.                                                                                      |
| block_instructions  | string        | MD5 hash of the block's instruction sequence, used for integrity or similarity checks.                                                    |
| predecessor_blocks  | list[u64]     | List of addresses or IDs of predecessor blocks in the control flow graph (CFG).                                                           |
| successor_blocks    | list[u64]     | List of addresses or IDs of successor blocks in the CFG.                                                                                  |
| depth               | integer       | Depth level of the block in the control flow graph, starting from the entry block.                                                        |
| position            | integer       | Sequential position or index of the block within the function’s block map.                                                                |
| branch_type         | string        | Type of branch ending the block (e.g., conditional, unconditional, call, return).                                                         |
| block_type          | string        | Classification of the block (e.g., entry, exit, loop header, regular).                                                                    |
| flags               | dict          | Metadata or attributes extracted from the block (e.g., specific behavior or conditions).                                                  |
| dominators          | list[integer] | List of block addresses or IDs that dominate this block in the control flow graph.                                                        |
| post_dominators     | list[integer] | List of block addresses or IDs that post-dominate this block in the control flow graph.                                                   |
 | measures            | list[tuples]  | List of measures to be defined                                                                                                            |

## Disassembly

| Field Name | Field Type | Description |
|-------------|-------------|-------------|
| disassembled_function_hash | string | SHA-256 hash of the disassembled function string, used as a unique identifier. |
| disassembled_function | string | The disassembled function including instruction addresses. |
| disassembled_function_no_addresses | string | The disassembled function without instruction addresses, containing only the instruction mnemonics and operands. |
| disassembled_function_name | string | The name of the analyzed function. |
| disassembled_function_address | integer | The starting memory address of the disassembled function. |
| instructions_count | integer | Total number of instructions within the disassembled function. |
| function_type | string | The inferred type of the function as determined by the FunctionTypeAnalysis module (e.g., standard, library, thunk). |
| instructions_types | list[string] | List of unique instruction types (e.g., arithmetic, logic, control flow, memory). |
| control_flow_count | integer | Number of control flow instructions (e.g., jumps, calls, returns). |
| memory_access_pattern | dict | Patterns of memory access operations detected in the function (e.g., loads, stores, stack operations). |
| register_usage | dict | Summary of register usage, showing which registers are read from or written to. |
| data_references_count | integer | Count of data references made by the function (e.g., global variables or constants). |
| max_block_size | integer | The size of the largest basic block (in number of instructions). |
| num_calls | integer | Total number of function call instructions. |
| stack_size | integer | Estimated stack size used by the function. |

## Decompilation

| Field Name | Field Type | Description |
|-------------|-------------|-------------|
| decompiled_function_hash | string | SHA-256 hash of the decompiled function code, used as a unique identifier. |
| decompiled_function | string | The decompiled function source code in high-level representation. |
| decompiled_function_name | string | The name of the decompiled function. |
| decompiled_function_prototype | string | The function prototype, including return type, name, and parameters. |
| decompiled_function_address | integer | The starting memory address of the decompiled function. |
| function_type | string | The inferred function type from the FunctionTypeAnalysis module (e.g., standard, library, thunk). |
| functions_caller | list[string] | List of functions that call this function (incoming call references). |
| functions_call | list[string] | List of functions called by this function (outgoing call references). |
| flattened_score | float | Score representing the degree of control-flow flattening detected in the function. |
| mba_score | float | Score representing the presence or intensity of mixed boolean arithmetic (MBA) obfuscation patterns. |