Na Zhao

22 papers Journal 10Unranked 12
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2025 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
Yunjing Jiao, Qijing Lin, Kun Yao, Na Zhao, Chaoyi Tang, Dan Xian, Fuzheng Zhang, Qingzhi Meng, Feng Han, Zhuangde Jiang
2022 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
Na Zhao, Qijing Lin, Liangquan Zhu, Changsheng Li, Zhongkai Zhang, Kun Yao, Yi Chen, Bian Tian, Ping Yang, Zhuangde Jiang
2021 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
Hao Wu, Qijing Lin, Na Zhao, Libo Zhao, Guoxi Luo, Zhuangde Jiang
2021 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
Kun Yao, Qijing Lin, Zhuangde Jiang, Na Zhao, Bian Tian, Gang-Ding Peng
2021 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
Liangquan Zhu, Qijing Lin, Kun Yao, Na Zhao, Ping Yang, Zhuangde Jiang
2021 conf
NEMS
Na Zhao, Qijing Lin, Liangquan Zhu, Kun Yao, Bian Tian, Libo Zhao, Zhuangde Jiang
2020 conf
NEMS
Fuzheng Zhang, Na Zhao, Qijing Lin, Feng Han, Libo Zhao, Ping Yang, Zhuangde Jiang
2019 J jnl
Sensors
Kun Yao, Qijing Lin, Zhuangde Jiang, Na Zhao, Gang-Ding Peng, Bian Tian, Wenyun Jia, Ping Yang
2019 conf
NEMS
Zhongkai Zhang, Bian Tian, Zhe Du, Qijing Lin, Kaikai Li, Na Zhao, Zhuangde Jiang
2019 conf
NEMS
Bian Tian, Kaikai Li, Zhongkai Zhang, Feng Han, Na Zhao, Qijing Lin, Zhuangde Jiang
2018 J jnl
Sensors
Na Zhao, Qijing Lin, Zhuangde Jiang, Kun Yao, Bian Tian, Xudong Fang, Peng Shi, Zhongkai Zhang
2018 conf
NEMS
Bian Tian, Zhongkai Zhang, Zhe Du, Qiuyue Yu, Qijing Lin, Na Zhao, Zhuangde Jiang
2018 J jnl
Sensors
Kun Yao, Qijing Lin, Zhuangde Jiang, Na Zhao, Bian Tian, Peng Shi, Gang-Ding Peng
2018 conf
NEMS
Tingzhong Xu, Libo Zhao, Dejiang Lu, Zhikang Li, Na Zhao, Zhuangde Jiang
2018 J jnl
Sensors
Qijing Lin, Na Zhao, Kun Yao, Zhuangde Jiang, Bian Tian, Peng Shi, Feng Chen
2018 conf
NEMS
Zhongkai Zhang, Bian Tian, Zhe Du, Qiuyue Yu, Qijing Lin, Na Zhao, Zhuangde Jiang
2018 conf
NEMS
Qijing Lin, Na Zhao, Weile Jiang, Kun Yao, Feng Chen, Chenying Wang
2017 conf
NEMS
Na Zhao, Qijing Lin, Weixuan Jing, Weile Jiang, Zirong Wu, Bian Tian, Zhongkai Zhang, Zhuangde Jiang
2017 conf
NEMS
Zhongkai Zhang, Bian Tian, Qiuyue Yu, Qijing Lin, Na Zhao, Weixuan Jing, Zhuangde Jiang
2017 conf
NEMS
Bian Tian, Qiuyue Yu, Zhongkai Zhang, Qijing Lin, Na Zhao, Weixuan Jing, Zhuangde Jiang
2017 conf
IEEE SENSORS
Zhongkai Zhang, Bian Tian, Qiuyue Yu, Qijing Lin, Na Zhao, Weixuan Jing, Zhuangde Jiang
2017 J jnl
Sensors
Zhongkai Zhang, Bian Tian, Qiuyue Yu, Peng Shi, Qijing Lin, Na Zhao, Weixuan Jing, Zhuangde Jiang
redb/extractors/elf_extractors/elf_exports.py
← Index redb/extractors/elf_extractors/elf_exports.py python
import inspect
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Any, List, Set

from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
from elftools.common.exceptions import ELFError

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.elf_extractor import ELFExtractor
from redb.models.dataclasses import ELFExport


class ELFExportExtractor(ELFExtractor):

    def __init__(
        self,
        filepath,
        log,
        exporters=None,
        index_prefix=None,
        elastic_index=None,
        known_benign=False,
        known_malicious=False,
        elf=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath,
            log,
            exporters,
            index_prefix,
            elastic_index,
            known_benign,
            known_malicious,
            elf,
        )
        self.elf_exports = None
        self.elastic_index = self.index_prefix + "-elf_exports"
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

    def _get_exported_functions_from_symbols(self, elf) -> Set[str]:
        """Extract exported functions from symbol tables."""
        exported_functions = set()

        try:
            # Check both static (.symtab) and dynamic (.dynsym) symbol tables
            symbol_sections = ['.symtab', '.dynsym']

            for section_name in symbol_sections:
                section = elf.get_section_by_name(section_name)
                if not section or not hasattr(section, 'iter_symbols'):
                    continue

                for symbol in section.iter_symbols():
                    # Check if symbol is exported (defined and globally visible)
                    if (symbol.name and
                        symbol.entry.get('st_shndx', 0) != 'SHN_UNDEF' and  # Not undefined
                        symbol.entry.get('st_info', {}).get('bind') in ['STB_GLOBAL', 'STB_WEAK'] and  # Global or weak binding
                        symbol.entry.get('st_info', {}).get('type') in ['STT_FUNC', 'STT_OBJECT']):  # Function or object

                        # Additional checks for meaningful exports
                        if (symbol.entry.get('st_value', 0) > 0 or  # Has a value
                            symbol.entry.get('st_size', 0) > 0):    # Has a size
                            exported_functions.add(symbol.name)

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting exported functions from symbols: {e}")

        return exported_functions

    def _get_exported_functions_from_dynamic_section(self, elf) -> Set[str]:
        """Extract exported functions information from dynamic section."""
        exported_functions = set()

        try:
            # Get the dynamic section
            dynamic_section = elf.get_section_by_name('.dynamic')
            if not dynamic_section:
                return exported_functions

            # Look for version definition sections that might indicate exports
            # This is complementary to symbol table analysis
            for tag in dynamic_section.iter_tags():
                if tag.entry.d_tag == 'DT_SONAME':
                    # If it has a SONAME, it's likely a shared library with exports
                    # The actual exports are still found in symbol tables
                    pass

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting exports from dynamic section: {e}")

        return exported_functions

    def _filter_meaningful_exports(self, exports: Set[str]) -> Set[str]:
        """Filter out compiler-generated and internal symbols to focus on meaningful exports."""
        filtered_exports = set()

        # Common patterns to exclude (compiler-generated, internal symbols)
        exclude_patterns = [
            '_start',
            '_init',
            '_fini',
            '__libc_',
            '__gmon_start__',
            '_IO_stdin_used',
            '__data_start',
            '__bss_start',
            '_edata',
            '_end',
            '__TMC_END__',
            '_ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable',
            '_ITM_registerTMCloneTable',
            '__cxa_finalize',
            '__gxx_personality_v0',
            '_Jv_RegisterClasses'
        ]

        for export in exports:
            # Skip empty or very short names
            if not export or len(export) < 2:
                continue

            # Skip symbols that match exclude patterns
            skip = False
            for pattern in exclude_patterns:
                if export.startswith(pattern):
                    skip = True
                    break

            # Skip symbols that look like internal mangled names (but keep reasonable C++ names)
            if export.startswith('_Z') and len(export) > 50:  # Very long mangled names
                skip = True

            if not skip:
                filtered_exports.add(export)

        return filtered_exports

    def tag(self):
        return Tag.ELF_EXPORTS.value if hasattr(Tag, 'ELF_EXPORTS') else "elf_exports"

    def extract(self):
        try:
            self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

            def extract_data(elf):
                # Extract exported functions from multiple sources
                exported_functions = set()

                # From symbol tables (primary source)
                symbol_exports = self._get_exported_functions_from_symbols(elf)
                exported_functions.update(symbol_exports)

                # From dynamic section (supplementary)
                dynamic_exports = self._get_exported_functions_from_dynamic_section(elf)
                exported_functions.update(dynamic_exports)

                # Filter out compiler-generated and internal symbols
                meaningful_exports = self._filter_meaningful_exports(exported_functions)

                # Convert to sorted list for consistent output
                export_functions_list = sorted(list(meaningful_exports))

                # Return ELFExport dataclass
                return ELFExport(
                    elf_exports_total=len(export_functions_list),
                    elf_export_functions=export_functions_list,
                )

            if not self._is_elf_file():
                return None

            result = self._with_elf_file(extract_data)
            if result is None:
                return None

            self.elf_exports = result
            return self.elf_exports

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting ELF exports {self.hash.sha256}: {e}")
            return None

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

        if exporter_type == "ElasticsearchExporter":
            return self.elf_exports
        elif exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            try:
                if not self.elf_exports:
                    return None

                # Prepare data array
                data = [[
                    self.sha256,
                    self.md5,
                    self.sha1,
                    self.elf_exports.elf_exports_total,
                    self.elf_exports.elf_export_functions,
                    datetime.now(timezone.utc)
                ]]

                column_names = [
                    'sha256', 'md5', 'sha1',
                    'elf_exports_total',
                    'elf_export_functions',
                    'analysis_date'
                ]

                if not data:
                    return None

                column_type_names = [
                    'FixedString(64)', 'FixedString(32)', 'FixedString(40)',
                    'UInt32',
                    'Array(LowCardinality(String))',
                    'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')'
                ]

                return (data, column_names, column_type_names)

            except Exception as e:
                self.log.error(f"Error preparing export data: {e}")
                raise

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        return "redb_elf_exports"