Na Li

31 papers A* 1A 4C 1Misc 11Journal 12Unranked 2
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2026 A* conf
AAAI
Hualei Wang, Na Li, Chuke Wang, Shu Wu, Zhifeng Li, Dong Yu
2024 J jnl
IEEE ACM Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process.
Xiaoyi Qin, Na Li, Shufei Duan, Ming Li
2022 A conf
INTERSPEECH
Xiaoyi Qin, Na Li, Chao Weng, Dan Su, Ming Li
2022 J jnl
CoRR
Xiaoyi Qin, Na Li, Chao Weng, Dan Su, Ming Li
2022 Misc conf
ICASSP
Naijun Zheng, Na Li, Jianwei Yu, Chao Weng, Dan Su, Xunying Liu, Helen Meng
2022 Misc conf
ICASSP
Xiaoyi Qin, Na Li, Chao Weng, Dan Su, Ming Li
2022 J jnl
CoRR
Naijun Zheng, Na Li, Xixin Wu, Lingwei Meng, Jiawen Kang, Haibin Wu, Chao Weng, Dan Su, Helen Meng
2022 Misc conf
ICASSP
Naijun Zheng, Na Li, Xixin Wu, Lingwei Meng, Jiawen Kang, Haibin Wu, Chao Weng, Dan Su, Helen Meng
2022 J jnl
CoRR
Xiaoyi Qin, Na Li, Yuke Lin, Yiwei Ding, Chao Weng, Dan Su, Ming Li
2021 Misc conf
ICASSP
Naijun Zheng, Na Li, Bo Wu, Meng Yu, Jianwei Yu, Chao Weng, Dan Su, Xunying Liu, Helen Meng
2021 Misc conf
ICASSP
Xu Li, Na Li, Chao Weng, Xunying Liu, Dan Su, Dong Yu, Helen Meng
2021 J jnl
CoRR
Xiaoyi Qin, Na Li, Chao Weng, Dan Su, Ming Li
2020 J jnl
IEEE ACM Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process.
Weiwei Lin, Man-Wai Mak, Na Li, Dan Su, Dong Yu
2020 A conf
INTERSPEECH
Xu Li, Na Li, Jinghua Zhong, Xixin Wu, Xunying Liu, Dan Su, Dong Yu, Helen Meng
2020 J jnl
CoRR
Xu Li, Na Li, Jinghua Zhong, Xixin Wu, Xunying Liu, Dan Su, Dong Yu, Helen Meng
2020 Misc conf
ICASSP
Weiwei Lin, Man-Wai Mak, Na Li, Dan Su, Dong Yu
2020 J jnl
CoRR
Xu Li, Na Li, Chao Weng, Xunying Liu, Dan Su, Dong Yu, Helen Meng
2019 Misc conf
ICASSP
Rongjin Li, Na Li, Deyi Tuo, Meng Yu, Dan Su, Dong Yu
2019 Misc conf
ICASSP
Jun Wang, Dan Su, Jie Chen, Shulin Feng, Dongpeng Ma, Na Li, Dong Yu
2019 J jnl
CoRR
Jun Wang, Dan Su, Jie Chen, Shulin Feng, Dongpeng Ma, Na Li, Dong Yu
2019 Misc conf
ICASSP
Yichi Zhang, Meng Yu, Na Li, Chengzhu Yu, Jia Cui, Dong Yu
2019 C conf
ASRU
Junyi Peng, Yuexian Zou, Na Li, Deyi Tuo, Dan Su, Meng Yu, Chunlei Zhang, Dong Yu
2018 A conf
INTERSPEECH
Na Li, Deyi Tuo, Dan Su, Zhifeng Li, Dong Yu
2017 J jnl
IEEE ACM Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process.
Na Li, Man-Wai Mak, Jen-Tzung Chien
2017 J jnl
Comput. Speech Lang.
Na Li, Man-Wai Mak, Weiwei Lin, Jen-Tzung Chien
2016 conf
SLT
Na Li, Man-Wai Mak, Jen-Tzung Chien
2016 Misc conf
ICASSP
Na Li, Man-Wai Mak
2015 J jnl
IEEE ACM Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process.
Na Li, Man-Wai Mak
2015 A conf
INTERSPEECH
Na Li, Man-Wai Mak
2014 conf
Odyssey
Jinghua Zhong, Weiwu Jiang, Helen Meng, Na Li, Zhifeng Li
2013 Misc conf
ICASSP
Na Li, Weiwu Jiang, Helen M. Meng, Zhifeng Li
redb/extractors/pe_extractors/pe_signature.py
← Index redb/extractors/pe_extractors/pe_signature.py python
import inspect
import yara_x
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from signify.authenticode import SignedPEFile
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.pe_extractor import PEExtractor
from redb.models.dataclasses import PECertificate, PESigner, PECodeSigningInfo


class PESignatureExtractor(PEExtractor):
    """
    RFC 3161 - Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Time-Stamp Protocol (TSP)
    Section 2.4.2 defines the TSTInfo structure.
    https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3161#section-2.4.2

    Microsoft Authenticode Time Stamping Specification
    https://download.microsoft.com/download/9/c/5/9c5b2167-8017-4bae-9fde-d599bac8184a/Authenticode_PE.docx
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        filepath,
        log,
        exporters=None,
        index_prefix=None,
        elastic_index=None,
        known_benign=False,
        known_malicious=False,
        pe=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath,
            log,
            exporters,
            index_prefix,
            elastic_index,
            known_benign,
            known_malicious,
            pe,
        )
        self.elastic_index = self.index_prefix + "-pe_signature"
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)
        self.code_signing_info = None

    def tag(self):
        return [Tag.PE_CERTIFICATE.value, Tag.PE_SIGNER.value, Tag.PE_SIGNATURE.value]

    def _extract_certificate_info(self, certificate):
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

        # YARA-X returns datetime objects directly, not Unix timestamps
        not_before = certificate["not_before"]
        not_after = certificate["not_after"]

        # Handle both datetime objects and Unix timestamps for compatibility
        if isinstance(not_before, datetime):
            valid_from = not_before.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
        else:
            valid_from = datetime.fromtimestamp(int(not_before), timezone.utc).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

        if isinstance(not_after, datetime):
            valid_to = not_after.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
        else:
            valid_to = datetime.fromtimestamp(int(not_after), timezone.utc).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

        return PECertificate(
            certificate_serial_number=certificate["serial"],
            certificate_subject=certificate["subject"],
            certificate_issuer=certificate["issuer"],
            certificate_valid_from=valid_from,
            certificate_valid_to=valid_to,
            certificate_thumbprint=certificate["thumbprint"].upper(),
            certificate_algorithm=certificate["algorithm"],
        )

    def _extract_signer_info(self, signer):
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

        # YARA-X returns datetime objects directly, not Unix timestamps
        not_before = signer["not_before"]
        not_after = signer["not_after"]

        # Handle both datetime objects and Unix timestamps for compatibility
        if isinstance(not_before, datetime):
            valid_from = not_before.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
        else:
            valid_from = datetime.fromtimestamp(int(not_before), timezone.utc).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

        if isinstance(not_after, datetime):
            valid_to = not_after.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
        else:
            valid_to = datetime.fromtimestamp(int(not_after), timezone.utc).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

        return PESigner(
            signer_serial_number=signer["serial"],
            signer_subject=signer["subject"],
            signer_issuer=signer["issuer"],
            signer_valid_from=valid_from,
            signer_valid_to=valid_to,
            signer_thumbprint=signer["thumbprint"].upper(),
            signer_algorithm=signer["algorithm"],
        )

    def _extract_signature_info(self):
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)
        pe_rules = """
            import "pe"
            rule is_pe {
                condition: 
                    pe.is_pe
            }
        """
        rule = yara_x.compile(pe_rules)
        results = rule.scan(self.binary)
        yara_output = results.module_outputs

        signature_info = yara_output["pe"]["signatures"][0]
        number_of_certificates = signature_info["number_of_certificates"]
        signature_verified = signature_info["verified"]
        self.code_signing_info = PECodeSigningInfo(
            _id=self.sha256,
            signature_verified=signature_verified,
            number_of_certificates=int(number_of_certificates),
        )

        keys = signature_info.keys()
        if "certificates" in keys:
            self.log.debug("Extracting PE Signing Certificates")
            certificates = signature_info["certificates"]
            certificates_list = []
            for cert in certificates:
                cert_info = self._extract_certificate_info(cert)
                certificates_list.append(cert_info)
            self.code_signing_info.x509_certificates = certificates_list

        if "signer_info" in keys:
            self.log.debug("Extracting PE Signing Signer Info")
            signers = signature_info["signer_info"]["chain"]
            signers_list = []
            for signer in signers:
                sig = self._extract_signer_info(signer)
                signers_list.append(sig)
            self.code_signing_info.signers = signers_list

        if "countersignatures" in keys:
            self.log.debug("Extracting PE Signing Countersignatures")
            countersignatures = signature_info["countersignatures"][0]["chain"]
            countersigners_list = []
            for csigner in countersignatures:
                csig = self._extract_signer_info(csigner)
                countersigners_list.append(csig)
            self.code_signing_info.countersigners = countersigners_list

        with open(self.filepath, "rb") as f:
            self.log.debug("Extracting PE Signing spcSpOpusInfo")
            sig_pefile = SignedPEFile(f)
            try:
                spc_opusinfo = {}
                for signed_data in sig_pefile.signed_datas:
                    spc_opusinfo["ProgramName"] = signed_data.signer_info.program_name
                    spc_opusinfo["MoreInfo"] = signed_data.signer_info.more_info
                    self.code_signing_info.spcSpOpusInfo = spc_opusinfo

                    if signed_data.signer_info.countersigner is not None:
                        stime = signed_data.signer_info.countersigner.signing_time
                        self.code_signing_info.date_signed = stime.strftime(
                            "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
                        )
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.error(
                    f"Error while extracting spcSpOpusInfo or signing date: {e}"
                )

    def extract(self):
        try:
            self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)
            if self._is_signed():
                self._extract_signature_info()
                # self.export_to_elastic([self.code_signing_info])
                return self.code_signing_info
            return None
        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting PE Signature: {e}")
            return None

    # def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
    #     self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)
    #     if exporter_type == "ElasticsearchExporter":
    #         return self.extract()
    #     elif exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
    #         signing_info = self.extract()
    #         if signing_info is None:
    #             return None
                
    #         current_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
            
    #         # Prepare data for redb_pe_signatures table
    #         signatures_data = [[
    #             self.sha256,                                    # sha256
    #             self.md5,                                       # md5
    #             self.sha1,                                      # sha1
    #             signing_info.signature_verified,                # signature_verified
    #             datetime.strptime(signing_info.date_signed, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") if signing_info.date_signed else None,  # date_signed
    #             signing_info.number_of_certificates,            # number_of_certificates
    #             signing_info.spcSpOpusInfo.get('ProgramName', None) if signing_info.spcSpOpusInfo else None,  # program_name
    #             signing_info.spcSpOpusInfo.get('MoreInfo', None) if signing_info.spcSpOpusInfo else None,    # more_info
    #             current_time                                    # analysis_date
    #         ]]

    #         certificates_data = []
            
    #         # Process signers
    #         if signing_info.signers:
    #             for signer in signing_info.signers:
    #                 certificates_data.append(self._prepare_certificate_data(signer, 'signer', current_time))
            
    #         # Process countersigners
    #         if signing_info.countersigners:
    #             for csigner in signing_info.countersigners:
    #                 certificates_data.append(self._prepare_certificate_data(csigner, 'countersigner', current_time))
            
    #         # Process x509 certificates
    #         if signing_info.x509_certificates:
    #             for cert in signing_info.x509_certificates:
    #                 certificates_data.append(self._prepare_certificate_data(cert, 'chain', current_time))
            
    #         return {
    #             'multi_table': True,
    #             'signatures': {
    #                 'table': 'redb_pe_signatures',
    #                 'data': signatures_data,
    #                 'column_names': [
    #                     'sha256', 'md5', 'sha1', 'signature_verified', 'date_signed',
    #                     'number_of_certificates', 'spcSpOpusInfo_program_name', 'spcSpOpusInfo_more_info', 'analysis_date'
    #                 ],
    #                 'column_type_names': [
    #                     'FixedString(64)', 'FixedString(32)', 'FixedString(40)',
    #                     'Boolean', 'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')', 'UInt8',
    #                     'Nullable(String)', 'Nullable(String)', 'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')'
    #                 ]
    #             },
    #             'certificates': {
    #                 'table': 'redb_pe_certificates',
    #                 'data': certificates_data,
    #                 'column_names': [
    #                     'sha256', 'md5', 'sha1', 'certificate_type', 'certificate_algorithm',
    #                     'certificate_issuer', 'certificate_subject', 'certificate_serial_number',
    #                     'certificate_thumbprint', 'certificate_valid_from', 'certificate_valid_to',
    #                     'analysis_date'
    #                 ],
    #                 'column_type_names': [
    #                     'FixedString(64)', 'FixedString(32)', 'FixedString(40)',
    #                     'Enum(\'signer\', \'countersigner\', \'chain\')', 'LowCardinality(String)',
    #                     'LowCardinality(String)', 'LowCardinality(String)', 'String',
    #                     'String', 'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')', 'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')',
    #                     'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')'
    #                 ]
    #             }
    #         }

    # def _prepare_certificate_data(self, cert, cert_type: str, analysis_time: datetime) -> List:
    #     """Helper method to prepare certificate data for ClickHouse"""
    #     self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)
    #     prefix = "certificate_" if hasattr(cert, "certificate_algorithm") else "signer_"
        
    #     # Get serial number and clean it up
    #     serial_number = getattr(cert, f"{prefix}serial_number")
    #     if serial_number:
    #         serial_number = serial_number.replace(':', '')
        
    #     return [
    #         self.sha256,                          # sha256
    #         self.md5,                             # md5
    #         self.sha1,                            # sha1
    #         cert_type,                            # certificate_type
    #         getattr(cert, f"{prefix}algorithm"),   # certificate_algorithm
    #         getattr(cert, f"{prefix}issuer"),     # certificate_issuer
    #         getattr(cert, f"{prefix}subject"),    # certificate_subject
    #         serial_number,                        # certificate_serial_number
    #         getattr(cert, f"{prefix}thumbprint"),  # certificate_thumbprint
    #         datetime.strptime(getattr(cert, f"{prefix}valid_from"), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),  # certificate_valid_from
    #         datetime.strptime(getattr(cert, f"{prefix}valid_to"), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),    # certificate_valid_to
    #         analysis_time                         # analysis_date
    #     ]
    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)
        if exporter_type == "ElasticsearchExporter":
            return self.extract()
        elif exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            signing_info = self.extract()
            if signing_info is None:
                return None
                
            current_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
            
            # Prepare data for redb_pe_signatures table
            signatures_data = [[
                self.sha256,                                    # sha256
                self.md5,                                       # md5
                self.sha1,                                      # sha1
                signing_info.signature_verified,                # signature_verified
                datetime.strptime(signing_info.date_signed, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") if signing_info.date_signed else None,  # date_signed
                signing_info.number_of_certificates,            # number_of_certificates
                signing_info.spcSpOpusInfo.get('ProgramName', None) if signing_info.spcSpOpusInfo else None,  # program_name
                signing_info.spcSpOpusInfo.get('MoreInfo', None) if signing_info.spcSpOpusInfo else None,    # more_info
                current_time                                    # analysis_date
            ]]

            # Prepare data for redb_pe_certificates table
            certificates_data = []
            
            # Process signers
            if signing_info.signers:
                for signer in signing_info.signers:
                    certificates_data.append(self._prepare_certificate_data(signer, 'signer', current_time))
            
            # Process countersigners
            if signing_info.countersigners:
                for csigner in signing_info.countersigners:
                    certificates_data.append(self._prepare_certificate_data(csigner, 'countersigner', current_time))
            
            # Process x509 certificates
            if signing_info.x509_certificates:
                for cert in signing_info.x509_certificates:
                    certificates_data.append(self._prepare_certificate_data(cert, 'chain', current_time))
            
            return {
                'multi_table': True,
                'signatures': {
                    'table': 'redb_pe_signatures',
                    'data': signatures_data,
                    'column_names': [
                        'sha256', 'md5', 'sha1', 'signature_verified', 'date_signed',
                        'number_of_certificates', 'spcSpOpusInfo_program_name', 'spcSpOpusInfo_more_info', 'analysis_date'
                    ],
                    'column_type_names': [
                        'FixedString(64)', 'FixedString(32)', 'FixedString(40)',
                        'Boolean', 'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')', 'UInt8',
                        'Nullable(String)', 'Nullable(String)', 'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')'
                    ]
                },
                'certificates': {
                    'table': 'redb_pe_certificates',
                    'data': certificates_data,
                    'column_names': [
                        'sha256', 'md5', 'sha1', 'certificate_type', 'certificate_algorithm',
                        'certificate_issuer', 'certificate_subject', 'certificate_serial_number',
                        'certificate_thumbprint', 'certificate_valid_from', 'certificate_valid_to',
                        'analysis_date'
                    ],
                    'column_type_names': [
                        'FixedString(64)', 'FixedString(32)', 'FixedString(40)',
                        'Enum8(\'signer\' = 1, \'countersigner\' = 2, \'chain\' = 3)', 'LowCardinality(String)',
                        'LowCardinality(String)', 'LowCardinality(String)', 'String',
                        'String', 'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')', 'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')',
                        'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')'
                    ]
                }
            }

    # def _prepare_certificate_data(self, cert, cert_type: str, analysis_time: datetime) -> List:
    #     """Helper method to prepare certificate data for ClickHouse"""
    #     self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)
    #     prefix = "certificate_" if hasattr(cert, "certificate_algorithm") else "signer_"
        
    #     # Get serial number and clean it up - with strict handling
    #     serial_number = getattr(cert, f"{prefix}serial_number", "UNKNOWN")
    #     if not serial_number or not str(serial_number).strip():
    #         serial_number = "UNKNOWN"
    #     else:
    #         serial_number = serial_number.replace(':', '')
    #         if not serial_number.strip():  # Double check after cleaning
    #             serial_number = "UNKNOWN"
        
    #     return [
    #         self.sha256,                          # sha256
    #         self.md5,                             # md5
    #         self.sha1,                            # sha1
    #         cert_type,                            # certificate_type
    #         getattr(cert, f"{prefix}algorithm"),   # certificate_algorithm
    #         getattr(cert, f"{prefix}issuer"),     # certificate_issuer
    #         getattr(cert, f"{prefix}subject"),    # certificate_subject
    #         serial_number,                        # certificate_serial_number
    #         getattr(cert, f"{prefix}thumbprint"),  # certificate_thumbprint
    #         datetime.strptime(getattr(cert, f"{prefix}valid_from"), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),  # certificate_valid_from
    #         datetime.strptime(getattr(cert, f"{prefix}valid_to"), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),    # certificate_valid_to
    #         analysis_time                         # analysis_date
    #     ]

    def _prepare_certificate_data(self, cert, cert_type: str, analysis_time: datetime) -> List:
        """Helper method to prepare certificate data for ClickHouse"""
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)
        prefix = "certificate_" if hasattr(cert, "certificate_algorithm") else "signer_"
        
        def clean_string(value, field_name):
            if value is None or (isinstance(value, str) and not value.strip()):
                self.log.warning(f"Empty or None value found for {field_name}")
                return "UNKNOWN"
            return str(value).strip()
        
        try:
            serial_number = getattr(cert, f"{prefix}serial_number", "UNKNOWN")
            serial_number = clean_string(serial_number, "serial_number")
            if serial_number != "UNKNOWN":
                serial_number = serial_number.replace(':', '')
        
            return [
                clean_string(self.sha256, "sha256"),
                clean_string(self.md5, "md5"),
                clean_string(self.sha1, "sha1"),
                cert_type,
                clean_string(getattr(cert, f"{prefix}algorithm"), "algorithm"),
                clean_string(getattr(cert, f"{prefix}issuer"), "issuer"),
                clean_string(getattr(cert, f"{prefix}subject"), "subject"),
                serial_number,
                clean_string(getattr(cert, f"{prefix}thumbprint"), "thumbprint"),
                datetime.strptime(getattr(cert, f"{prefix}valid_from"), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),
                datetime.strptime(getattr(cert, f"{prefix}valid_to"), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),
                analysis_time
            ]
        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error preparing certificate data: {str(e)}")
            self.log.error(f"Certificate data that caused error: {cert}")
            raise

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        """Required by PEExtractor abstract base class"""
        return "redb_pe_signatures"  # Return the primary table

    def get_clickhouse_tables(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
        """Additional method for multi-table support"""
        return {
            'signatures': 'redb_pe_signatures',
            'certificates': 'redb_pe_certificates'
        }