Mark Stevenson

127 papers A* 9A 10B 7C 1Misc 2Journal 50Unranked 47

Year	Rank	Type	Title / Venue / Authors
2025	A	`conf`	+VeriRel: Verification Feedback to Enhance Document Retrieval for Scientific Fact Checking. CIKM Xingyu Deng, Xi Wang, Mark Stevenson
2025	J	`jnl`	+VeriRel: Verification Feedback to Enhance Document Retrieval for Scientific Fact Checking. CoRR Xingyu Deng, Xi Wang, Mark Stevenson
2025	A*	`conf`	A Generalised and Adaptable Reinforcement Learning Stopping Method. SIGIR Reem Bin Hezam, Mark Stevenson
2025	J	`jnl`	A Generalised and Adaptable Reinforcement Learning Stopping Method. CoRR Reem Bin Hezam, Mark Stevenson
2025	Misc	`conf`	The Next Phase of Scientific Fact-Checking: Advanced Evidence Retrieval from Complex Structured Academic Papers. ICTIR Xingyu Deng, Xi Wang, Mark Stevenson
2025	J	`jnl`	The Next Phase of Scientific Fact-Checking: Advanced Evidence Retrieval from Complex Structured Academic Papers. CoRR Xingyu Deng, Xi Wang, Mark Stevenson
2024	—	`conf`	Document Set Expansion with Positive-Unlabeled Learning Using Intractable Density Estimation. LREC/COLING Haiyang Zhang, Qiuyi Chen, Yanjie Zou, Jia Wang, Yushan Pan, Mark Stevenson
2024	J	`jnl`	Document Set Expansion with Positive-Unlabeled Learning: A Density Estimation-based Approach. CoRR Haiyang Zhang, Qiuyi Chen, Yuanjie Zou, Yushan Pan, Jia Wang, Mark Stevenson
2024	J	`jnl`	Document Set Expansion with Positive-Unlabelled Learning Using Intractable Density Estimation. CoRR Haiyang Zhang, Qiuyi Chen, Yuanjie Zou, Yushan Pan, Jia Wang, Mark Stevenson
2024	A*	`conf`	RLStop: A Reinforcement Learning Stopping Method for TAR. SIGIR Reem Bin Hezam, Mark Stevenson
2024	J	`jnl`	RLStop: A Reinforcement Learning Stopping Method for TAR. CoRR Reem Bin Hezam, Mark Stevenson
2024	—	`conf`	Stopping Methods Based on Point Processes: Recent Developments. ALTARS@ECIR Mark Stevenson, Reem Bin Hezam
2024	J	`jnl`	Stopping Methods for Technology-assisted Reviews Based on Point Processes. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Mark Stevenson, Reem Bin Hezam
2023	J	`jnl`	C3-IoC: A Career Guidance System for Assessing Student Skills using Machine Learning and Network Visualisation. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. Adán José García, Alison Sneyd, Ana Melro, Anaïs Ollagnier, Georgina Tarling, Haiyang Zhang, Mark Stevenson, Richard Everson, Rudy Arthur
2023	—	`conf`	Combining Counting Processes and Classification Improves a Stopping Rule for Technology Assisted Review. EMNLP (Findings) Reem Bin Hezam, Mark Stevenson
2023	J	`jnl`	Combining Counting Processes and Classification Improves a Stopping Rule for Technology Assisted Review. CoRR Reem Bin Hezam, Mark Stevenson
2023	A	`conf`	On the Vulnerabilities of Text-to-SQL Models. ISSRE Xutan Peng, Yipeng Zhang, Jingfeng Yang, Mark Stevenson
2023	J	`jnl`	Stopping Methods for Technology Assisted Reviews based on Point Processes. CoRR Mark Stevenson, Reem Bin Hezam
2022	J	`jnl`	Investigating the Feasibility of Deep Learning Methods for Urdu Word Sense Disambiguation. ACM Trans. Asian Low Resour. Lang. Inf. Process. Ali Saeed, Rao Muhammad Adeel Nawab, Mark Stevenson
2022	J	`jnl`	On the Security Vulnerabilities of Text-to-SQL Models. CoRR Xutan Peng, Yipeng Zhang, Jingfeng Yang, Mark Stevenson
2022	J	`jnl`	Understanding Linearity of Cross-Lingual Word Embedding Mappings. Trans. Mach. Learn. Res. Xutan Peng, Mark Stevenson, Chenghua Lin, Chen Li
2021	—	`conf`	Cross-Lingual Word Embedding Refinement by $\ell_1$ Norm Optimisation. NAACL-HLT Xutan Peng, Chenghua Lin, Mark Stevenson
2021	J	`jnl`	Cross-Lingual Word Embedding Refinement by 𝓁 CoRR Xutan Peng, Chenghua Lin, Mark Stevenson
2021	—	`conf`	Highly Efficient Knowledge Graph Embedding Learning with Orthogonal Procrustes Analysis. NAACL-HLT Xutan Peng, Guanyi Chen, Chenghua Lin, Mark Stevenson
2021	J	`jnl`	Highly Efficient Knowledge Graph Embedding Learning with Orthogonal Procrustes Analysis. CoRR Xutan Peng, Guanyi Chen, Chenghua Lin, Mark Stevenson
2021	A*	`conf`	Stopping Criteria for Technology Assisted Reviews based on Counting Processes. SIGIR Alison Sneyd, Mark Stevenson
2021	Misc	`conf`	UserReg: A Simple but Strong Model for Rating Prediction. ICASSP Haiyang Zhang, Ivan Ganchev, Nikola S. Nikolov, Mark Stevenson
2021	J	`jnl`	UserReg: A Simple but Strong Model for Rating Prediction. CoRR Haiyang Zhang, Ivan Ganchev, Nikola S. Nikolov, Mark Stevenson
2020	A*	`conf`	Automatic Generation of Topic Labels. SIGIR Areej Alokaili, Nikolaos Aletras, Mark Stevenson
2020	A	`conf`	DTMBIO 2020: The Fourteenth International Workshop on Data and Text Mining in Biomedical Informatics. CIKM Hyojung Paik, Sunyong Yoo, Hojung Nam, Mark Stevenson, Albert No
2020	J	`jnl`	Refining Boolean queries to identify relevant studies for systematic review updates. J. Am. Medical Informatics Assoc. Amal Alharbi, Mark Stevenson
2020	J	`jnl`	Revisiting the linearity in cross-lingual embedding mappings: from a perspective of word analogies. CoRR Xutan Peng, Chenghua Lin, Mark Stevenson, Chen Li
2019	A*	`conf`	A Dataset of Systematic Review Updates. SIGIR Amal Alharbi, Mark Stevenson
2019	J	`jnl`	A Sense Annotated Corpus for All-Words Urdu Word Sense Disambiguation. ACM Trans. Asian Low Resour. Lang. Inf. Process. Ali Saeed, Rao Muhammad Adeel Nawab, Mark Stevenson, Paul Rayson
2019	J	`jnl`	A word sense disambiguation corpus for Urdu. Lang. Resour. Evaluation Ali Saeed, Rao Muhammad Adeel Nawab, Mark Stevenson, Paul Rayson
2019	—	`conf`	Graph-KD: Exploring Relational Information for Knowledge Discovery. ISWC (Satellites) Roland Roller, Gaurav Vashisth, Philippe Thomas, He Wang, Michael Mikhailov, Mark Stevenson
2019	—	`conf`	Improving Ranking for Systematic Reviews Using Query Adaptation. CLEF Amal Alharbi, Mark Stevenson
2019	—	`conf`	Ranking Studies for Systematic Reviews Using Query Adaptation: University of Sheffield's Approach to CLEF eHealth 2019 Task 2. CLEF (Working Notes) Amal Alharbi, Mark Stevenson
2018	J	`jnl`	Co-occurrence graphs for word sense disambiguation in the biomedical domain. Artif. Intell. Medicine Andres Duque Fernandez, Mark Stevenson, Juan Martínez-Romo, Lourdes Araujo
2018	—	`conf`	Retrieving and Ranking Studies for Systematic Reviews: University of Sheffield's Approach to CLEF eHealth 2018 Task 2. CLEF (Working Notes) Amal Alharbi, William Briggs, Mark Stevenson
2017	J	`jnl`	An IR-Based Approach Utilizing Query Expansion for Plagiarism Detection in MEDLINE. IEEE ACM Trans. Comput. Biol. Bioinform. Rao Muhammad Adeel Nawab, Mark Stevenson, Paul D. Clough
2017	J	`jnl`	Evaluating topic representations for exploring document collections. J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol. Nikolaos Aletras, Timothy Baldwin, Jey Han Lau, Mark Stevenson
2017	—	`conf`	Hyperlocal Home Location Identification of Twitter Profiles. HT Adam Poulston, Mark Stevenson, Kalina Bontcheva
2017	A	`conf`	Plagiarism Detection in Texts Obfuscated with Homoglyphs. ECIR Faisal Alvi, Mark Stevenson, Paul D. Clough
2017	J	`jnl`	Quantifying and filtering knowledge generated by literature based discovery. BMC Bioinform. Judita Preiss, Mark Stevenson
2017	—	`conf`	Ranking Abstracts to Identify Relevant Evidence for Systematic Reviews: The University of Sheffield's Approach to CLEF eHealth 2017 Task 2. CLEF (Working Notes) Amal Alharbi, Mark Stevenson
2016	J	`jnl`	A corpus of potentially contradictory research claims from cardiovascular research abstracts. J. Biomed. Semant. Abdulaziz Alamri, Mark Stevenson
2016	J	`jnl`	The effect of word sense disambiguation accuracy on literature based discovery. BMC Medical Informatics Decis. Mak. Judita Preiss, Mark Stevenson
2016	—	`conf`	User profiling with geo-located posts and demographic data. NLP+CSS@EMNLP Adam Poulston, Mark Stevenson, Kalina Bontcheva
2016	J	`jnl`	Why are these similar? Investigating item similarity types in a large digital library. J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol. Aitor Gonzalez-Agirre, German Rigau, Eneko Agirre, Nikolaos Aletras, Mark Stevenson
2015	—	`conf`	Automatic Detection of Answers to Research Questions from Medline Abstracts. BioNLP@IJCNLP Abdulaziz Alamri, Mark Stevenson
2015	J	`jnl`	Automatic generation of valid and invalid test data for string validation routines using web searches and regular expressions. Sci. Comput. Program. Muzammil Shahbaz, Phil McMinn, Mark Stevenson
2015	—	`conf`	Automatic identification of potentially contradictory claims to support systematic reviews. BIBM Abdulaziz Alamri, Mark Stevenson
2015	J	`jnl`	Exploring relation types for literature-based discovery. J. Am. Medical Informatics Assoc. Judita Preiss, Mark Stevenson, Robert J. Gaizauskas
2015	—	`conf`	Held-out versus Gold Standard: Comparison of Evaluation Strategies for Distantly Supervised Relation Extraction from Medline abstracts. Louhi@EMNLP Roland Roller, Mark Stevenson
2015	—	`conf`	Improving distant supervision using inference learning. ACL (2) Roland Roller, Eneko Agirre, Aitor Soroa, Mark Stevenson
2015	J	`jnl`	Improving distant supervision using inference learning. CoRR Roland Roller, Eneko Agirre, Aitor Soroa, Mark Stevenson
2015	—	`conf`	Making the most of limited training data using distant supervision. BioNLP@IJCNLP Roland Roller, Mark Stevenson
2015	—	`ed.`	Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on Topic Models: Post-Processing and Applications, TM 2015, Melbourne, Australia, October 19, 2015 TM@CIKM Nikolaos Aletras, Jey Han Lau, Timothy Baldwin, Mark Stevenson
2015	A	`conf`	TM 2015 - Topic Models: Post-Processing and Applications Workshop. CIKM Nikolaos Aletras, Jey Han Lau, Timothy Baldwin, Mark Stevenson
2015	—	`conf`	The Effect of Word Sense Disambiguation Accuracy on Literature Based Discovery. DTMBIO@CIKM Judita Preiss, Mark Stevenson
2015	—	`conf`	The Short Stories Corpus: Notebook for PAN at CLEF 2015. CLEF (Working Notes) Faisal Alvi, Mark Stevenson, Paul D. Clough
2015	—	`conf`	Topic Models and n-gram Language Models for Author Profiling - Notebook for PAN at CLEF 2015. CLEF (Working Notes) Adam Poulston, Mark Stevenson, Kalina Bontcheva
2014	—	`conf`	Applying UMLS for Distantly Supervised Relation Detection. Louhi@EACL Roland Roller, Mark Stevenson
2014	J	`jnl`	Cognitive styles within an exploratory search system for digital libraries. J. Documentation Paula Goodale, Paul David Clough, Samuel Fernando, Nigel Ford, Mark Stevenson
2014	J	`jnl`	Comparing Medline citations using modified N-grams. J. Am. Medical Informatics Assoc. Rao Muhammad Adeel Nawab, Mark Stevenson, Paul D. Clough
2014	J	`jnl`	Evaluating hierarchical organisation structures for exploring digital libraries. Inf. Retr. Mark M. Hall, Samuel Fernando, Paul D. Clough, Aitor Soroa, Eneko Agirre, Mark Stevenson
2014	—	`conf`	Hashing and Merging Heuristics for Text Reuse Detection. CLEF (Working Notes) Faisal Alvi, Mark Stevenson, Paul D. Clough
2014	—	`conf`	Labelling Topics using Unsupervised Graph-based Methods. ACL (2) Nikolaos Aletras, Mark Stevenson
2014	—	`conf`	Representing topics labels for exploring digital libraries. JCDL Nikolaos Aletras, Timothy Baldwin, Jey Han Lau, Mark Stevenson
2014	—	`conf`	Self-supervised Relation Extraction Using UMLS. CLEF Roland Roller, Mark Stevenson
2013	A	`conf`	Evolving Readable String Test Inputs Using a Natural Language Model to Reduce Human Oracle Cost. ICST Sheeva Afshan, Phil McMinn, Mark Stevenson
2013	—	`conf`	Generating Paths through Cultural Heritage Collections. LaTeCH@ACL Samuel Fernando, Paula Goodale, Paul D. Clough, Mark Stevenson, Mark M. Hall, Eneko Agirre
2013	—	`conf`	Identification of Genia Events using Multiple Classifiers. BioNLP@ACL (Shared Task) Roland Roller, Mark Stevenson
2013	A*	`conf`	Information seeking in digital cultural heritage with PATHS. SIGIR Mark M. Hall, Paul D. Clough, Samuel Fernando, Paula Goodale, Mark Stevenson, Eneko Agirre, Arantxa Otegi, Aitor Soroa, Kate Fernie, Jillian Griffiths, Runar Bergheim
2013	—	`conf`	PAN@FIRE: Overview of the Cross-Language !ndian News Story Search (CL!NSS) Track. FIRE Parth Gupta, Paul D. Clough, Paolo Rosso, Mark Stevenson, Rafael E. Banchs
2013	—	`conf`	PATHS: A System for Accessing Cultural Heritage Collections. ACL (Conference System Demonstrations) Eneko Agirre, Nikolaos Aletras, Paul D. Clough, Samuel Fernando, Paula Goodale, Mark M. Hall, Aitor Soroa, Mark Stevenson
2013	—	`conf`	Supporting Information Access and Sensemaking in Digital Cultural Heritage Environments. TPDL Workshops Paula Goodale, Paul D. Clough, Mark M. Hall, Mark Stevenson, Kate Fernie, Jillian Griffiths
2013	—	`conf`	UBC_UOS-TYPED: Regression for typed-similarity. *SEM@NAACL-HLT Eneko Agirre, Nikolaos Aletras, Aitor Gonzalez-Agirre, German Rigau, Mark Stevenson
2012	—	`conf`	Automated Discovery of Valid Test Strings from the Web Using Dynamic Regular Expressions Collation and Natural Language Processing. QSIC Muzammil Shahbaz, Phil McMinn, Mark Stevenson
2012	B	`conf`	Comparing Taxonomies for Organising Collections of Documents. COLING Samuel Fernando, Mark M. Hall, Eneko Agirre, Aitor Soroa, Paul D. Clough, Mark Stevenson
2012	J	`jnl`	Computing similarity between items in a digital library of cultural heritage. ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage Nikolaos Aletras, Mark Stevenson, Paul D. Clough
2012	—	`conf`	Detecting Text Reuse with Modified and Weighted N-grams. *SEM@NAACL-HLT Rao Muhammad Adeel Nawab, Mark Stevenson, Paul D. Clough
2012	B	`conf`	Evaluating the Use of Clustering for Automatically Organising Digital Library Collections. TPDL Mark M. Hall, Paul D. Clough, Mark Stevenson
2012	J	`jnl`	Exploiting domain information for Word Sense Disambiguation of medical documents. J. Am. Medical Informatics Assoc. Mark Stevenson, Eneko Agirre, Aitor Soroa
2012	B	`conf`	Matching Cultural Heritage items to Wikipedia. LREC Eneko Agirre, Ander Barrena, Oier Lopez de Lacalle, Aitor Soroa, Samuel Fernando, Mark Stevenson
2012	B	`conf`	PATHS - Exploring Digital Cultural Heritage Spaces. TPDL Mark M. Hall, Eneko Agirre, Nikolaos Aletras, Runar Bergheim, Konstantinos Chandrinos, Paul D. Clough, Samuel Fernando, Kate Fernie, Paula Goodale, Jillian Griffiths, Oier Lopez de Lacalle, Andrea de Polo, Aitor Soroa, Mark Stevenson
2012	—	`conf`	PATHS: Personalising access to cultural heritage spaces. VSMM Kate Fernie, Jillian Griffiths, Mark Stevenson, Paul D. Clough, Paula Goodale, Mark M. Hall, Phil Archer, Konstantinos Chandrinos, Eneko Agirre, Oier Lopez de Lacalle, Andrea de Polo, Runar Bergheim
2012	J	`jnl`	Resolving ambiguity in biomedical text to improve summarization. Inf. Process. Manag. Laura Plaza, Mark Stevenson, Alberto Díaz
2012	A	`conf`	Retrieving Candidate Plagiarised Documents Using Query Expansion. ECIR Rao Muhammad Adeel Nawab, Mark Stevenson, Paul D. Clough
2012	A	`conf`	Search-Based Test Input Generation for String Data Types Using the Results of Web Queries. ICST Phil McMinn, Muzammil Shahbaz, Mark Stevenson
2012	—	`conf`	The Sheffield and Basque Country Universities Entry to CHiC: Using Random Walks and Similarity to Access Cultural Heritage. CLEF (Online Working Notes/Labs/Workshop) Eneko Agirre, Paul D. Clough, Samuel Fernando, Mark M. Hall, Arantxa Otegi, Mark Stevenson
2012	—	`conf`	User-Centred Design to Support Exploration and Path Creation in Cultural Heritage Collections. EuroHCIR Paula Goodale, Paul D. Clough, Nigel Ford, Mark M. Hall, Mark Stevenson, Samuel Fernando, Nikolaos Aletras, Kate Fernie, Phil Archer, Andrea de Polo
2011	J	`jnl`	Developing a corpus of plagiarised short answers. Lang. Resour. Evaluation Paul D. Clough, Mark Stevenson
2011	—	`conf`	External Plagiarism Detection using Information Retrieval and Sequence Alignment - Notebook for PAN at CLEF 2011. CLEF (Notebook Papers/Labs/Workshop) Rao Muhammad Adeel Nawab, Mark Stevenson, Paul D. Clough
2011	—	`conf`	PAN@FIRE: Overview of the Cross-Language !ndian Text Re-Use Detection Competition. FIRE Alberto Barrón-Cedeño, Paolo Rosso, Sobha Lalitha Devi, Paul D. Clough, Mark Stevenson
2010	J	`jnl`	Assessing the contribution of shallow and deep knowledge sources for word sense disambiguation. Lang. Resour. Evaluation Lucia Specia, Mark Stevenson, Maria das Graças Volpe Nunes
2010	J	`jnl`	Disambiguation in the biomedical domain: The role of ambiguity type. J. Biomed. Informatics Mark Stevenson, Yikun Guo
2010	J	`jnl`	Disambiguation of ambiguous biomedical terms using examples generated from the UMLS Metathesaurus. J. Biomed. Informatics Mark Stevenson, Yikun Guo
2010	J	`jnl`	Graph-based Word Sense Disambiguation of biomedical documents. Bioinform. Eneko Agirre, Aitor Soroa, Mark Stevenson
2010	—	`conf`	Improving Summarization of Biomedical Documents Using Word Sense Disambiguation. BioNLP@ACL Laura Plaza, Mark Stevenson, Alberto Díaz
2010	—	`conf`	University of Sheffield - Lab Report for PAN at CLEF 2010. CLEF (Notebook Papers/LABs/Workshops) Rao Muhammad Adeel Nawab, Mark Stevenson, Paul D. Clough
2009	—	`conf`	Disambiguation of Biomedical Abbreviations. BioNLP@HLT-NAACL Mark Stevenson, Yikun Guo, Abdulaziz Alamri, Robert J. Gaizauskas
2008	B	`conf`	Acquiring Sense Tagged Examples using Relevance Feedback. COLING Mark Stevenson, Yikun Guo, Robert J. Gaizauskas
2008	J	`jnl`	Disambiguation of biomedical text using diverse sources of information. BMC Bioinform. Mark Stevenson, Yikun Guo, Robert J. Gaizauskas, David Martínez
2008	—	`conf`	Knowledge Sources for Word Sense Disambiguation of Biomedical Text. BioNLP Mark Stevenson, Yikun Guo, Robert J. Gaizauskas, David Martínez
2007	A*	`conf`	Learning Expressive Models for Word Sense Disambiguation. ACL Lucia Specia, Mark Stevenson, Maria das Graças Volpe Nunes
2006	J	`jnl`	Fact distribution in Information Extraction. Lang. Resour. Evaluation Mark Stevenson
2006	—	`conf`	The Need for Application-Dependent WSD Strategies: A Case Study in MT. PROPOR Lucia Specia, Gabriela Castelo Branco Ribeiro, Maria das Graças Volpe Nunes, Mark Stevenson
2006	—	`conf`	The University of Sheffield's TREC 2006 Q&A Experiments. TREC Mark A. Greenwood, Mark Stevenson, Robert J. Gaizauskas
2006	C	`conf`	Translation Context Sensitive WSD. EAMT Lucia Specia, Maria das Graças Volpe Nunes, Mark Stevenson
2005	A*	`conf`	A Semantic Approach to IE Pattern Induction. ACL Mark Stevenson, Mark A. Greenwood
2005	J	`jnl`	Ali Farghlay, editor. Nat. Lang. Eng. Mark Stevenson
2005	J	`jnl`	Exploiting Rules for Word Sense Disambiguation in Machine Translation. Proces. del Leng. Natural Lucia Specia, Maria das Graças Volpe Nunes, Mark Stevenson
2004	A	`conf`	Cross-Language Information Retrieval Using EuroWordNet and Word Sense Disambiguation. ECIR Paul D. Clough, Mark Stevenson
2004	B	`conf`	EuroWordNet as a Resource for Cross-language Information Retrieval. LREC Mark Stevenson, Paul D. Clough
2001	J	`jnl`	The Interaction of Knowledge Sources in Word Sense Disambiguation. Comput. Linguistics Mark Stevenson, Yorick Wilks
2000	—	`conf`	Experiments on Sentence Boundary Detection. ANLP Mark Stevenson, Robert J. Gaizauskas
2000	—	`conf`	Using Corpus-derived Name Lists for Named Entity Recognition. ANLP Mark Stevenson, Robert J. Gaizauskas
1999	A*	`conf`	Combining Weak Knowledge Sources for Sense Disambiguation. IJCAI Mark Stevenson, Yorick Wilks
1998	B	`conf`	Implementing a Sense Tagger in a General Architecture for Text Engineering. CoNLL Hamish Cunningham, Mark Stevenson, Yorick Wilks
1998	A	`conf`	Sense Tagging and Language Engineering. ECAI Mark Stevenson, Hamish Cunningham, Yorick Wilks
1998	J	`jnl`	The grammar of sense: Using part-of-speech tags as a first step in semantic disambiguation. Nat. Lang. Eng. Yorick Wilks, Mark Stevenson
1998	J	`jnl`	Word Sense Disambiguation using Optimised Combinations of Knowledge Sources CoRR Yorick Wilks, Mark Stevenson
1998	—	`conf`	Word Sense Disambiguation using Optimised Combinations of Knowledge Sources. COLING-ACL Yorick Wilks, Mark Stevenson
1997	J	`jnl`	Sense Tagging: Semantic Tagging with a Lexicon CoRR Yorick Wilks, Mark Stevenson
1996	J	`jnl`	The Grammar of Sense: Is word-sense tagging much more than part-of-speech tagging? CoRR Yorick Wilks, Mark Stevenson