Malcolm Macdonald

32 papers C 4Journal 22Unranked 6
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2025 J jnl
IEEE Access
Beth Probert, Ruaridh A. Clark, Erik Blasch, Malcolm Macdonald
2025 J jnl
CoRR
Ruaridh A. Clark, Francesca Arrigo, Agathe Bouis, Malcolm Macdonald
2025 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.
Xingyu Zhou, Dong Qiao, Malcolm Macdonald, Xiangyu Li
2024 C conf
IGARSS
Greta Zefi, Christos V. Ilioudis, Malcolm Macdonald, Carmine Clemente
2024 J jnl
Appl. Netw. Sci.
Agathe Bouis, Christopher John Lowe, Ruaridh A. Clark, Malcolm Macdonald
2024 J jnl
CoRR
Agathe Bouis, Christopher John Lowe, Ruaridh A. Clark, Malcolm Macdonald
2024 J jnl
Remote. Sens.
Ruaridh A. Clark, Ciara N. McGrath, Astrid Werkmeister, Christopher John Lowe, Gwilym Gibbons, Malcolm Macdonald
2024 J jnl
J. Imaging
Mikolaj Czerkawski, Priti Upadhyay, Christopher Davison, Robert C. Atkinson, W. Craig Michie, Ivan Andonovic, Malcolm Macdonald, Javier Cardona, Christos Tachtatzis
2024 C conf
IGARSS
Carmine Clemente, Daniel Tonelli, Alessandro Lotti, Finlay Rollo, Christos Ilioudis, Sebastian Diaz Riofrio, Filippo Biondi, Enrico Tubaldi, Malcolm Macdonald, Daniele Zonta, Massimo Zavagli, Mario Costantini, Federico Minati, Francesco Vecchioli, Pietro Milillo, Marc Zimmermanns, Ernesto Imbembo, Maria Michela Corvino
2023 J jnl
Ad Hoc Networks
Christopher John Lowe, Ruaridh A. Clark, Ciara N. McGrath, Malcolm Macdonald
2023 C conf
IGARSS
Paul Kirkland, Carmine Clemente, Malcolm Macdonald, Gaetano Di Caterina, Gabriele Meoni
2023 conf
COMPLEX NETWORKS (4)
Agathe Bouis, Christopher John Lowe, Ruaridh A. Clark, Malcolm Macdonald
2022 J jnl
Remote. Sens.
Priti Upadhyay, Mikolaj Czerkawski, Christopher Davison, Javier Cardona, Malcolm Macdonald, Ivan Andonovic, W. Craig Michie, Robert C. Atkinson, Nikela Papadopoulou, Konstantinos Nikas, Christos Tachtatzis
2022 J jnl
Remote. Sens.
Mikolaj Czerkawski, Priti Upadhyay, Christopher Davison, Astrid Werkmeister, Javier Cardona, Robert C. Atkinson, W. Craig Michie, Ivan Andonovic, Malcolm Macdonald, Christos Tachtatzis
2022 J jnl
Remote. Sens.
Mikolaj Czerkawski, Priti Upadhyay, Christopher Davison, Astrid Werkmeister, Javier Cardona, Robert C. Atkinson, W. Craig Michie, Ivan Andonovic, Malcolm Macdonald, Christos Tachtatzis
2022 J jnl
Appl. Netw. Sci.
Ruaridh A. Clark, Ciara N. McGrath, Malcolm Macdonald
2021 conf
COMPLEX NETWORKS
Ruaridh A. Clark, Ciara N. McGrath, Malcolm Macdonald
2021 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.
Tong Qin, Malcolm Macdonald, Dong Qiao
2021 J jnl
Appl. Netw. Sci.
Ruaridh A. Clark, Malcolm Macdonald
2020 J jnl
Cryptogr.
Luca Mazzarella, Christopher John Lowe, David Lowndes, Siddarth Koduru Joshi, Steve Greenland, Doug McNeil, Cassandra Mercury, Malcolm Macdonald, John G. Rarity, Daniel Kuan Li Oi
2020 J jnl
Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf.
Christopher John Lowe, Malcolm Macdonald
2020 J jnl
Remote. Sens.
Ciara N. McGrath, Charlie Scott, Dave Cowley, Malcolm Macdonald
2019 J jnl
J. Intell. Robotic Syst.
Giuliano Punzo, Charles N. MacLeod, Kristaps Baumanis, Rahul Summan, Gordon Dobie, Stephen Gareth Pierce, Malcolm Macdonald
2019 J jnl
CoRR
Ruaridh A. Clark, Giuliano Punzo, Malcolm Macdonald
2019 conf
COMPLEX NETWORKS (2)
Ruaridh A. Clark, Niia Nikolova, Malcolm Macdonald, William McGeown
2017 J jnl
Robotics Auton. Syst.
Ruaridh A. Clark, Giuliano Punzo, Charles N. MacLeod, Gordon Dobie, Rahul Summan, Gary Bolton, Stephen Gareth Pierce, Malcolm Macdonald
2017 J jnl
J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst.
Christopher John Lowe, Malcolm Macdonald
2016 conf
CDC
Ruaridh A. Clark, Giuliano Punzo, Malcolm Macdonald
2015 C conf
IECON
Ausiàs Garrigós, José M. Blanes, Roberto Gutiérrez, Marcos Compadre, Craig Clark, Malcolm Macdonald
2014 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.
Giuliano Punzo, Philippos Karagiannakis, Derek J. Bennet, Malcolm Macdonald, Stephan Weiss
2013 conf
EUSIPCO
Philippos Karagiannakis, Stephan Weiss, Giuliano Punzo, Malcolm Macdonald, J. Bowman, Robert W. Stewart
2011 conf
TAROS
Giuliano Punzo, Derek J. Bennet, Malcolm Macdonald
tests/unit/test_apk_code_analyzer.py
← Index tests/unit/test_apk_code_analyzer.py python
"""
Unit tests for APK code analysis components.

Tests APKCodeAnalyzer, LibraryFilter, SmaliParser, method enumeration,
library filtering, and method key matching. All external tools are mocked.
"""
import os
import tempfile
import textwrap

import pytest
from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch, PropertyMock

pytestmark = [pytest.mark.unit, pytest.mark.apk, pytest.mark.decompile]


def _has_mmh3():
    try:
        import mmh3  # noqa: F401
        return True
    except ImportError:
        return False


# ============================================================================
# LibraryFilter Tests
# ============================================================================

class TestLibraryFilter:
    """Tests for package-based library filtering."""

    def test_default_prefixes_loaded(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.library_filter import LibraryFilter
        lf = LibraryFilter()
        assert lf.is_library("android.app.Activity")
        assert lf.is_library("androidx.core.app.NotificationCompat")

    def test_user_class_not_filtered(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.library_filter import LibraryFilter
        lf = LibraryFilter()
        assert not lf.is_library("com.example.myapp.MainActivity")
        assert not lf.is_library("org.myorg.MyClass")

    def test_dalvik_descriptor_format(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.library_filter import LibraryFilter
        lf = LibraryFilter()
        assert lf.is_library("Landroid/app/Activity;")
        assert lf.is_library("Landroidx/core/app/NotificationCompat;")
        assert not lf.is_library("Lcom/example/myapp/MainActivity;")

    def test_custom_prefixes(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.library_filter import LibraryFilter
        lf = LibraryFilter(prefixes=["com.custom."])
        assert lf.is_library("com.custom.SomeClass")
        assert not lf.is_library("android.app.Activity")

    def test_env_var_override(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.library_filter import LibraryFilter
        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"APK_LIBRARY_PREFIXES": "my.lib.,other.lib."}):
            lf = LibraryFilter()
            assert lf.is_library("my.lib.SomeClass")
            assert lf.is_library("other.lib.AnotherClass")
            assert not lf.is_library("android.app.Activity")

    def test_filter_stats(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.library_filter import LibraryFilter
        lf = LibraryFilter()
        lf.is_library("android.app.Activity")
        lf.is_library("com.example.MyClass")
        lf.is_library("kotlin.Unit")
        stats = lf.get_filter_stats()
        assert stats["library"] == 2
        assert stats["user"] == 1

    def test_normalize_class_name(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.library_filter import LibraryFilter
        assert LibraryFilter._normalize_class_name("Lcom/example/Foo;") == "com.example.Foo"
        assert LibraryFilter._normalize_class_name("com.example.Foo") == "com.example.Foo"
        assert LibraryFilter._normalize_class_name("com/example/Foo") == "com.example.Foo"

    def test_google_libraries_filtered(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.library_filter import LibraryFilter
        lf = LibraryFilter()
        assert lf.is_library("com.google.android.gms.ads.AdView")
        assert lf.is_library("com.google.firebase.messaging.FirebaseMessagingService")
        assert lf.is_library("com.google.gson.Gson")

    def test_kotlin_filtered(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.library_filter import LibraryFilter
        lf = LibraryFilter()
        assert lf.is_library("kotlin.Unit")
        assert lf.is_library("kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope")

    def test_third_party_libs_filtered(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.library_filter import LibraryFilter
        lf = LibraryFilter()
        assert lf.is_library("com.squareup.okhttp3.OkHttpClient")
        assert lf.is_library("io.reactivex.Observable")
        assert lf.is_library("org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils")

    def test_empty_class_name(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.library_filter import LibraryFilter
        lf = LibraryFilter()
        assert not lf.is_library("")


# ============================================================================
# SmaliParser Tests
# ============================================================================

class TestSmaliParser:
    """Tests for smali file parsing."""

    SAMPLE_SMALI = textwrap.dedent("""\
        .class public Lcom/example/MyClass;
        .super Ljava/lang/Object;

        .method public constructor <init>()V
            .registers 1
            invoke-direct {p0}, Ljava/lang/Object;-><init>()V
            return-void
        .end method

        .method public onCreate(Landroid/os/Bundle;)V
            .registers 4
            .param p1, "savedInstanceState"

            .line 10
            invoke-super {p0, p1}, Landroid/app/Activity;->onCreate(Landroid/os/Bundle;)V
            const/high16 v0, 0x7f090000
            invoke-virtual {p0, v0}, Lcom/example/MyClass;->setContentView(I)V
            const-string v1, "hello"
            invoke-virtual {p0, v1}, Lcom/example/MyClass;->log(Ljava/lang/String;)V
            return-void
        .end method

        .method public abstract doSomething()V
        .end method

        .method public native nativeMethod()V
        .end method
    """)

    def test_parse_smali_content(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_parser import SmaliParser
        methods = SmaliParser._parse_smali_content(self.SAMPLE_SMALI)
        # abstract and native should be skipped
        assert len(methods) == 2

    def test_method_names_extracted(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_parser import SmaliParser
        methods = SmaliParser._parse_smali_content(self.SAMPLE_SMALI)
        names = {m.method_name for m in methods}
        assert "<init>" in names
        assert "onCreate" in names

    def test_class_name_extracted(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_parser import SmaliParser
        methods = SmaliParser._parse_smali_content(self.SAMPLE_SMALI)
        for m in methods:
            assert m.class_name == "Lcom/example/MyClass;"

    def test_method_signature(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_parser import SmaliParser
        methods = SmaliParser._parse_smali_content(self.SAMPLE_SMALI)
        oncreate = [m for m in methods if m.method_name == "onCreate"][0]
        assert oncreate.method_signature == "(Landroid/os/Bundle;)V"

    def test_instruction_count(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_parser import SmaliParser
        methods = SmaliParser._parse_smali_content(self.SAMPLE_SMALI)
        oncreate = [m for m in methods if m.method_name == "onCreate"][0]
        # invoke-super, const/high16, invoke-virtual, const-string, invoke-virtual, return-void
        assert oncreate.instruction_count == 6

    def test_register_count(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_parser import SmaliParser
        methods = SmaliParser._parse_smali_content(self.SAMPLE_SMALI)
        oncreate = [m for m in methods if m.method_name == "onCreate"][0]
        assert oncreate.register_count == 4

    def test_register_count_locals_directive(self):
        """apktool outputs .locals by default, not .registers."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_parser import SmaliParser
        smali_with_locals = textwrap.dedent("""\
            .class public Lcom/example/Locals;
            .super Ljava/lang/Object;

            .method public doWork()V
                .locals 3
                const/4 v0, 0x0
                const/4 v1, 0x1
                add-int v2, v0, v1
                return-void
            .end method
        """)
        methods = SmaliParser._parse_smali_content(smali_with_locals)
        assert len(methods) == 1
        assert methods[0].register_count == 3

    def test_abstract_native_skipped(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_parser import SmaliParser
        methods = SmaliParser._parse_smali_content(self.SAMPLE_SMALI)
        names = {m.method_name for m in methods}
        assert "doSomething" not in names
        assert "nativeMethod" not in names

    def test_normalize_smali_body(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_parser import SmaliParser
        body = textwrap.dedent("""\
            .registers 4
            .line 10
            # comment
            invoke-super {p0, p1}, Landroid/app/Activity;->onCreate(Landroid/os/Bundle;)V

            const-string v1, "hello"
        """)
        normalized = SmaliParser.normalize_smali_body(body)
        assert ".line" not in normalized
        assert "# comment" not in normalized
        assert "invoke-super" in normalized
        assert "const-string" in normalized

    def test_count_instructions(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_parser import SmaliParser
        body = textwrap.dedent("""\
            .registers 4
            .param p1, "x"
            invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/example/Foo;->bar()V
            const/4 v0, 0x0
            :label_0
            if-eqz v0, :label_1
            return-void
            :label_1
            goto :label_0
        """)
        assert SmaliParser.count_instructions(body) == 5

    def test_make_method_key(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_parser import SmaliParser
        key = SmaliParser.make_method_key(
            "Lcom/example/Foo;", "bar", "(I)V"
        )
        assert key == "Lcom/example/Foo;->bar(I)V"

    def test_parse_smali_file(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_parser import SmaliParser
        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
            mode="w", suffix=".smali", delete=False
        ) as f:
            f.write(self.SAMPLE_SMALI)
            f.flush()
            try:
                methods = SmaliParser.parse_smali_file(f.name)
                assert len(methods) == 2
            finally:
                os.unlink(f.name)

    def test_parse_smali_directory(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_parser import SmaliParser
        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
            # Create nested dir structure
            pkg_dir = os.path.join(tmpdir, "com", "example")
            os.makedirs(pkg_dir)
            with open(os.path.join(pkg_dir, "MyClass.smali"), "w") as f:
                f.write(self.SAMPLE_SMALI)

            result = SmaliParser.parse_smali_directory(tmpdir)
            assert len(result) == 2
            # Check keys are in expected format
            for key in result:
                assert "->" in key

    def test_empty_smali_file(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_parser import SmaliParser
        methods = SmaliParser._parse_smali_content("")
        assert methods == []

    def test_class_only_no_methods(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_parser import SmaliParser
        content = ".class public Lcom/example/Empty;\n.super Ljava/lang/Object;\n"
        methods = SmaliParser._parse_smali_content(content)
        assert methods == []


# ============================================================================
# MethodExtractor Tests (Hashing, Obfuscation, Type Conversion)
# ============================================================================

class TestMethodExtractor:
    """Tests for method-level content extraction and hashing."""

    def test_compute_sha256(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_sha256
        h = compute_sha256("test content")
        assert len(h) == 64
        assert h == compute_sha256("test content")  # deterministic

    def test_compute_sha256_different_input(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_sha256
        assert compute_sha256("a") != compute_sha256("b")

    def test_compute_ssdeep_short_input(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_ssdeep
        result = compute_ssdeep("short")
        assert result is None

    def test_compute_ssdeep_long_input(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_ssdeep
        result = compute_ssdeep("x" * 200)
        # May be None depending on entropy, but shouldn't crash
        assert result is None or isinstance(result, str)

    def test_compute_tlsh_short_input(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_tlsh
        result = compute_tlsh("short")
        assert result is None

    def test_compute_tlsh_long_input(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_tlsh
        data = "".join(chr(i % 256) for i in range(200))
        result = compute_tlsh(data)
        assert result is None or isinstance(result, str)

    def test_compute_minhash_returns_none_without_mmh3(self):
        from unittest.mock import patch
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_minhash
        with patch.dict("sys.modules", {"mmh3": None}):
            # Force reimport to hit ImportError
            import importlib
            import redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor as mod
            importlib.reload(mod)
            result = mod.compute_minhash("line1\nline2\nline3\nline4")
            # mmh3 may or may not be available; just check it doesn't crash
            assert result is None or isinstance(result, list)
            importlib.reload(mod)  # restore

    def test_compute_minhash_too_few_lines(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_minhash
        result = compute_minhash("invoke-direct {v0}, Lfoo;->bar()V")
        # Only 1 instruction line, need at least 3 for 3-grams
        assert result is None

    @pytest.mark.skipif(
        not _has_mmh3(), reason="mmh3 not installed"
    )
    def test_compute_minhash_deterministic(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_minhash
        smali = (
            "invoke-direct {v1}, Ljava/lang/Object;-><init>()V\n"
            "const-string v0, \"hello\"\n"
            "iput-object v0, v1, LA;->a:Ljava/lang/String;\n"
            "return-void"
        )
        sig1 = compute_minhash(smali)
        sig2 = compute_minhash(smali)
        assert sig1 is not None
        assert sig1 == sig2

    @pytest.mark.skipif(
        not _has_mmh3(), reason="mmh3 not installed"
    )
    def test_compute_minhash_signature_length(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_minhash
        smali = (
            "invoke-direct {v1}, Ljava/lang/Object;-><init>()V\n"
            "const-string v0, \"hello\"\n"
            "iput-object v0, v1, LA;->a:Ljava/lang/String;\n"
            "return-void"
        )
        sig = compute_minhash(smali)
        assert sig is not None
        assert len(sig) == 64  # SIGNATURE_LENGTH

    @pytest.mark.skipif(
        not _has_mmh3(), reason="mmh3 not installed"
    )
    def test_compute_minhash_value_range(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_minhash
        smali = (
            "invoke-direct {v1}, Ljava/lang/Object;-><init>()V\n"
            "const-string v0, \"hello\"\n"
            "iput-object v0, v1, LA;->a:Ljava/lang/String;\n"
            "return-void"
        )
        sig = compute_minhash(smali)
        assert sig is not None
        for val in sig:
            assert 0 <= val < 256  # 8-bit values

    @pytest.mark.skipif(
        not _has_mmh3(), reason="mmh3 not installed"
    )
    def test_compute_minhash_different_inputs_differ(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_minhash
        smali_a = (
            "invoke-direct {v1}, Ljava/lang/Object;-><init>()V\n"
            "const-string v0, \"hello\"\n"
            "iput-object v0, v1, LA;->a:Ljava/lang/String;\n"
            "return-void"
        )
        smali_b = (
            "sget-object v0, Ljava/lang/System;->out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;\n"
            "const-string v1, \"world\"\n"
            "invoke-virtual {v0, v1}, Ljava/io/PrintStream;->println(Ljava/lang/String;)V\n"
            "return-void"
        )
        sig_a = compute_minhash(smali_a)
        sig_b = compute_minhash(smali_b)
        assert sig_a is not None
        assert sig_b is not None
        assert sig_a != sig_b

    @pytest.mark.skipif(
        not _has_mmh3(), reason="mmh3 not installed"
    )
    def test_compute_minhash_skips_directives_and_labels(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_minhash
        # Directives and labels should be filtered out
        smali = (
            ".registers 3\n"
            ":start\n"
            "invoke-direct {v1}, Ljava/lang/Object;-><init>()V\n"
            ".line 10\n"
            "const-string v0, \"hello\"\n"
            "iput-object v0, v1, LA;->a:Ljava/lang/String;\n"
            "return-void"
        )
        smali_clean = (
            "invoke-direct {v1}, Ljava/lang/Object;-><init>()V\n"
            "const-string v0, \"hello\"\n"
            "iput-object v0, v1, LA;->a:Ljava/lang/String;\n"
            "return-void"
        )
        sig_with_directives = compute_minhash(smali)
        sig_clean = compute_minhash(smali_clean)
        assert sig_with_directives == sig_clean

    def test_dalvik_to_java_class(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_to_java_class
        assert dalvik_to_java_class("Lcom/example/Foo;") == "com.example.Foo"
        assert dalvik_to_java_class("com.example.Foo") == "com.example.Foo"

    def test_dalvik_type_to_java(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("V") == "void"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("I") == "int"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("Z") == "boolean"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("Ljava/lang/String;") == "String"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("[I") == "int[]"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("[Ljava/lang/String;") == "String[]"

    def test_dalvik_to_java_prototype(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_to_java_prototype
        result = dalvik_to_java_prototype("onCreate", "(Landroid/os/Bundle;)V")
        assert result == "void onCreate(Bundle)"

    def test_dalvik_to_java_prototype_no_params(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_to_java_prototype
        result = dalvik_to_java_prototype("toString", "()Ljava/lang/String;")
        assert result == "String toString()"

    def test_dalvik_to_java_prototype_multiple_params(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_to_java_prototype
        result = dalvik_to_java_prototype("foo", "(ILjava/lang/String;Z)V")
        assert result == "void foo(int, String, boolean)"

    def test_detect_obfuscation_short_name(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        result = detect_obfuscation_indicators("a", "Lcom/example/Foo;", "", 10)
        assert result["short_method_name"] is True
        result = detect_obfuscation_indicators("onCreate", "Lcom/example/Foo;", "", 10)
        assert result["short_method_name"] is False

    def test_detect_obfuscation_short_class(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        result = detect_obfuscation_indicators("foo", "Lcom/example/a;", "", 10)
        assert result["short_class_name"] is True
        result = detect_obfuscation_indicators("foo", "Lcom/example/MainActivity;", "", 10)
        assert result["short_class_name"] is False

    def test_detect_reflection_calls(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = "invoke-virtual {v0}, Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;->invoke(Ljava/lang/Object;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;"
        result = detect_obfuscation_indicators("foo", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 10)
        assert result["has_reflection_calls"] is True

    def test_detect_no_reflection(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = "invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/example/Foo;->bar()V"
        result = detect_obfuscation_indicators("foo", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 10)
        assert result["has_reflection_calls"] is False

    def test_detect_string_encryption(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = 'const-string v0, "encrypted"\n    invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/example/Crypto;->decrypt(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;'
        result = detect_obfuscation_indicators("foo", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 10)
        assert result["has_string_encryption"] is True

    def test_detect_excessive_goto(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = "\n".join(["goto :label_0"] * 20)
        result = detect_obfuscation_indicators("foo", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 30)
        # threshold = max(5, 30*0.15) = 5, 20 > 5
        assert result["excessive_goto_count"] is True

    def test_detect_no_excessive_goto(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = "goto :label_0\nreturn-void"
        result = detect_obfuscation_indicators("foo", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 100)
        assert result["excessive_goto_count"] is False

    def test_parse_dalvik_params_empty(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        assert _parse_dalvik_params("") == []

    def test_parse_dalvik_params_primitives(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        result = _parse_dalvik_params("IZJ")
        assert result == ["I", "Z", "J"]

    def test_parse_dalvik_params_object(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        result = _parse_dalvik_params("Ljava/lang/String;")
        assert result == ["Ljava/lang/String;"]

    def test_parse_dalvik_params_mixed(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        result = _parse_dalvik_params("ILjava/lang/String;Z")
        assert result == ["I", "Ljava/lang/String;", "Z"]

    def test_parse_dalvik_params_array(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        result = _parse_dalvik_params("[I[Ljava/lang/String;")
        assert result == ["[I", "[Ljava/lang/String;"]


# ============================================================================
# APKCodeAnalyzer Tests (mocked tools)
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKCodeAnalyzer:
    """Tests for the APKCodeAnalyzer orchestration."""

    def test_init_defaults(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import APKCodeAnalyzer
        analyzer = APKCodeAnalyzer("/fake/path.apk")
        assert analyzer.filepath == "/fake/path.apk"
        assert analyzer.timeout == 600
        assert analyzer.min_instructions == 5

    def test_init_custom_timeout(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import APKCodeAnalyzer
        analyzer = APKCodeAnalyzer("/fake/path.apk", timeout=300)
        assert analyzer.timeout == 300

    def test_init_min_instructions_env(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import APKCodeAnalyzer
        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"APK_MIN_METHOD_INSTRUCTIONS": "10"}):
            analyzer = APKCodeAnalyzer("/fake/path.apk")
            assert analyzer.min_instructions == 10

    @patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer.APKCodeAnalyzer._run_androguard")
    @patch.object(
        __import__("redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.apktool_wrapper", fromlist=["ApktoolDisassembler"]).ApktoolDisassembler,
        "disassemble",
        return_value=False,
    )
    @patch.object(
        __import__("redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.jadx_wrapper", fromlist=["JADXDecompiler"]).JADXDecompiler,
        "decompile",
        return_value=False,
    )
    def test_extract_returns_dict_keys(self, mock_jadx, mock_apktool, mock_androguard):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import APKCodeAnalyzer
        mock_analysis = MagicMock()
        mock_analysis.get_methods.return_value = []
        mock_androguard.return_value = (MagicMock(), [], mock_analysis)

        analyzer = APKCodeAnalyzer("/fake/path.apk", log=MagicMock())
        results = analyzer.extract()

        assert "decompiled_content" in results
        assert "decompiled_refs" in results
        assert "smali_content" in results
        assert "smali_refs" in results
        assert "similarity_metrics" in results
        assert "strings" in results
        assert "analysis_errors" in results
        analyzer.cleanup()

    @patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer.APKCodeAnalyzer._run_androguard")
    def test_extract_androguard_failure(self, mock_androguard):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import APKCodeAnalyzer
        mock_androguard.side_effect = Exception("Analysis failed")

        analyzer = APKCodeAnalyzer("/fake/path.apk", log=MagicMock())
        results = analyzer.extract()

        assert len(results["analysis_errors"]) > 0
        analyzer.cleanup()

    def test_cleanup_removes_temp_dirs(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import APKCodeAnalyzer
        analyzer = APKCodeAnalyzer("/fake/path.apk")
        tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        analyzer._temp_dirs.append(tmpdir)
        assert os.path.isdir(tmpdir)
        analyzer.cleanup()
        assert not os.path.isdir(tmpdir)

    def test_normalize_java(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import _normalize_java
        source = "  public void foo() {\n    int x = 1;\n  }\n"
        normalized = _normalize_java(source)
        assert normalized == "public void foo() {\nint x = 1;\n}"


class TestNormalizeAndroguardOperands:
    """Tests for androguard-to-apktool output normalization."""

    def test_invoke_adds_braces(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import _normalize_androguard_operands
        result = _normalize_androguard_operands(
            "invoke-direct",
            "v1, Ljava/lang/Object;-><init>()V"
        )
        assert result == "{v1}, Ljava/lang/Object;-><init>()V"

    def test_invoke_virtual_multiple_regs(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import _normalize_androguard_operands
        result = _normalize_androguard_operands(
            "invoke-virtual",
            "v0, v1, Ljava/lang/String;->equals(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z"
        )
        assert result == "{v0, v1}, Ljava/lang/String;->equals(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z"

    def test_invoke_static_no_regs(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import _normalize_androguard_operands
        # invoke-static with no register args (rare but possible)
        result = _normalize_androguard_operands(
            "invoke-static",
            "Ljava/lang/System;->gc()V"
        )
        # First part starts with L, so no registers to wrap
        assert result == "Ljava/lang/System;->gc()V"

    def test_invoke_range(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import _normalize_androguard_operands
        result = _normalize_androguard_operands(
            "invoke-virtual/range",
            "v3, v4, v5, Landroid/util/Log;->d(Ljava/lang/String; Ljava/lang/String;)I"
        )
        assert result == "{v3, v4, v5}, Landroid/util/Log;->d(Ljava/lang/String; Ljava/lang/String;)I"

    def test_iget_field_colon(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import _normalize_androguard_operands
        result = _normalize_androguard_operands(
            "iget-object",
            "v0, v4, LF;->a Ljava/lang/String;"
        )
        assert result == "v0, v4, LF;->a:Ljava/lang/String;"

    def test_iput_field_colon(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import _normalize_androguard_operands
        result = _normalize_androguard_operands(
            "iput-object",
            "v0, v1, LA;->b Ljava/lang/String;"
        )
        assert result == "v0, v1, LA;->b:Ljava/lang/String;"

    def test_sget_primitive_field(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import _normalize_androguard_operands
        result = _normalize_androguard_operands(
            "sget",
            "v0, Lcom/Foo;->count I"
        )
        assert result == "v0, Lcom/Foo;->count:I"

    def test_sput_array_field(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import _normalize_androguard_operands
        result = _normalize_androguard_operands(
            "sput-object",
            "v0, Lcom/Foo;->data [B"
        )
        assert result == "v0, Lcom/Foo;->data:[B"

    def test_non_invoke_non_field_passthrough(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import _normalize_androguard_operands
        result = _normalize_androguard_operands(
            "const-string",
            'v0, "hello world"'
        )
        assert result == 'v0, "hello world"'

    def test_move_passthrough(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import _normalize_androguard_operands
        result = _normalize_androguard_operands("move", "v0, v4")
        assert result == "v0, v4"

    def test_goto_passthrough(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import _normalize_androguard_operands
        result = _normalize_androguard_operands("goto", "+005h")
        assert result == "+005h"


class TestSmaliCFG:
    """Tests for smali CFG construction and metrics computation."""

    def test_empty_body(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import compute_cfg_metrics
        m = compute_cfg_metrics("")
        assert m.block_count == 0
        assert m.cyclomatic_complexity == 1

    def test_linear_method_apktool(self):
        """Single basic block — no branches."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import compute_cfg_metrics
        smali = textwrap.dedent("""\
            .registers 2
            invoke-direct {v1}, Ljava/lang/Object;-><init>()V
            const-string v0, "hello"
            iput-object v0, v1, LA;->a:Ljava/lang/String;
            return-void
        """)
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(smali)
        assert m.block_count == 1
        assert m.edge_count == 0
        assert m.cyclomatic_complexity == 1
        assert m.loop_count == 0
        assert m.max_depth == 0
        assert m.max_fan_out == 0

    def test_linear_method_androguard(self):
        """Single basic block — androguard format (no labels/directives)."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import compute_cfg_metrics
        smali = (
            "    invoke-direct {v1}, Ljava/lang/Object;-><init>()V\n"
            "    const-string v0, \"hello\"\n"
            "    iput-object v0, v1, LA;->a:Ljava/lang/String;\n"
            "    return-void"
        )
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(smali)
        assert m.block_count == 1
        assert m.edge_count == 0
        assert m.cyclomatic_complexity == 1

    def test_if_branch_apktool(self):
        """Diamond pattern: if-else with two paths merging."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import compute_cfg_metrics
        smali = textwrap.dedent("""\
            .registers 2
            const/4 v0, 0x0
            if-eqz v0, :cond_0
            const/4 v0, 0x1
            goto :goto_0
            :cond_0
            const/4 v0, 0x2
            :goto_0
            return v0
        """)
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(smali)
        # Blocks: [const,if] [const,goto] [const] [return]
        assert m.block_count == 4
        assert m.cyclomatic_complexity == 2  # E - N + 2
        assert m.loop_count == 0
        assert m.max_fan_out == 2  # if-branch has 2 successors

    def test_loop_apktool(self):
        """Simple loop: goto back to earlier label."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import compute_cfg_metrics
        smali = textwrap.dedent("""\
            .registers 2
            const/4 v0, 0x0
            :loop_start
            add-int/lit8 v0, v0, 0x1
            const/16 v1, 0xa
            if-lt v0, v1, :loop_start
            return v0
        """)
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(smali)
        assert m.loop_count == 1  # back edge from if-lt to loop_start
        assert m.cyclomatic_complexity >= 2

    def test_if_branch_androguard(self):
        """If-else in androguard offset format."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import compute_cfg_metrics
        smali = (
            "    const/4 v0, 0x0\n"
            "    if-eqz v0, +2h\n"        # skip 2 instructions ahead
            "    const/4 v0, 0x1\n"
            "    goto +1h\n"               # skip 1 ahead
            "    const/4 v0, 0x2\n"
            "    return v0"
        )
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(smali)
        assert m.block_count >= 3
        assert m.cyclomatic_complexity >= 2

    def test_multiple_if_branches(self):
        """Multiple if-branches increase cyclomatic complexity."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import compute_cfg_metrics
        smali = textwrap.dedent("""\
            .registers 3
            if-eqz v0, :cond_0
            if-eqz v1, :cond_1
            const/4 v2, 0x0
            goto :end
            :cond_0
            const/4 v2, 0x1
            goto :end
            :cond_1
            const/4 v2, 0x2
            :end
            return v2
        """)
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(smali)
        # Two if-branches: CC should be >= 3
        assert m.cyclomatic_complexity >= 3

    def test_return_terminates_block(self):
        """Return instruction terminates block with no successor."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import compute_cfg_metrics
        smali = textwrap.dedent("""\
            .registers 1
            const/4 v0, 0x0
            return v0
        """)
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(smali)
        assert m.block_count == 1
        assert m.edge_count == 0

    def test_throw_terminates_block(self):
        """Throw instruction terminates block with no successor."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import compute_cfg_metrics
        smali = textwrap.dedent("""\
            .registers 1
            new-instance v0, Ljava/lang/RuntimeException;
            invoke-direct {v0}, Ljava/lang/RuntimeException;-><init>()V
            throw v0
        """)
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(smali)
        assert m.block_count == 1
        assert m.edge_count == 0

    def test_max_depth_linear_chain(self):
        """Chain of blocks gives increasing depth."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import compute_cfg_metrics
        # 3 blocks chained: entry -> if -> fall-through -> return
        smali = textwrap.dedent("""\
            .registers 2
            const/4 v0, 0x0
            if-nez v0, :cond_0
            const/4 v0, 0x1
            :cond_0
            return v0
        """)
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(smali)
        assert m.max_depth >= 1

    def test_nested_loop_apktool(self):
        """Nested loop: two back edges."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import compute_cfg_metrics
        smali = textwrap.dedent("""\
            .registers 3
            const/4 v0, 0x0
            :outer
            const/4 v1, 0x0
            :inner
            add-int/lit8 v1, v1, 0x1
            if-lt v1, v2, :inner
            add-int/lit8 v0, v0, 0x1
            if-lt v0, v2, :outer
            return-void
        """)
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(smali)
        assert m.loop_count == 2

    def test_consistency_formula(self):
        """Verify E - N + 2 formula matches cyclomatic_complexity."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import compute_cfg_metrics
        smali = textwrap.dedent("""\
            .registers 2
            const/4 v0, 0x0
            if-eqz v0, :cond_0
            const/4 v0, 0x1
            goto :goto_0
            :cond_0
            const/4 v0, 0x2
            :goto_0
            return v0
        """)
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(smali)
        expected_cc = m.edge_count - m.block_count + 2
        assert m.cyclomatic_complexity == max(1, expected_cc)