Mahnoor Ajmal

16 papers Misc 3Journal 5Unranked 8
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2026 conf
ICAIIC
Mahnoor Ajmal, Joohwan Park, Dongkyun Kim
2025 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng.
Mahnoor Ajmal, Seri Park, Malik Muhammad Saad, Muhammad Ashar Tariq, Dongkyun Kim
2025 J jnl
IEEE Internet Things J.
Malik Muhammad Saad, Muhammad Ashar Tariq, Mahnoor Ajmal, Dongkyun Kim, Gautam Srivastava
2025 conf
RACS
Deepak Singh, Muhammad Ashar Tariq, Youngjoon Yang, Mahnoor Ajmal, Chaehyeon Kim, Joohwan Park, Dongkyun Kim
2025 conf
ICAIIC
Junho Seo, Malik Muhammad Saad, Mahnoor Ajmal, Ayesha Siddiqa, Bomi Jeong, Su Kim, Dongkyun Kim
2025 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.
Mahnoor Ajmal, Muhammad Ashar Tariq, Malik Muhammad Saad, Sunghyun Kim, Dongkyun Kim
2025 Misc conf
SAC
Muhammad Ashar Tariq, Mahnoor Ajmal, Malik Muhammad Saad, Ayesha Siddiqa, Seri Park, Dongkyun Kim
2024 J jnl
ICT Express
Mahnoor Ajmal, Ayesha Siddiqa, Bomi Jeong, Junho Seo, Dongkyun Kim
2024 Misc conf
SAC
Mahnoor Ajmal, Ayesha Siddiqa, Muhammad Ashar Tariq, Malik Muhammad Saad, Dongkyun Kim
2024 conf
ICAIIC
Muhammad Ashar Tariq, Malik Muhammad Saad, Mahnoor Ajmal, Ayesha Siddiqa, Junho Seo, Haishan Yang, Dongkyun Kim
2024 conf
VTC Fall
Muhammad Ashar Tariq, Malik Muhammad Saad, Mahnoor Ajmal, Donghyun Jeon, Jinhong Kim, Dongkyun Kim
2024 conf
ICAIIC
Muhammad Ashar Tariq, Mahnoor Ajmal, Euiri Jo, Malik Muhammad Saad, Seri Park, Jinhong Kim, Dongkyun Kim
2023 conf
ICUFN
Malik Muhammad Saad, Muhammad Ashar Tariq, Junho Seo, Mahnoor Ajmal, Dongkyun Kim
2023 conf
RACS
Bomi Jeong, Sungwon Lee, Ayesha Siddiqa, Mahnoor Ajmal, Junho Seo, Dongkyun Kim
2022 J jnl
Telecommun. Syst.
Muhammad Zeeshan, Mahnoor Ajmal, Muhammad Umar Farooq, Tabinda Ashraf
2021 Misc conf
SACI
Mahnoor Ajmal, Muhammad Zeeshan
redb/extractors/decompiler/bninja/analysis/medium_level.py
← Index redb/extractors/decompiler/bninja/analysis/medium_level.py python
import time

from binaryninja import (
    MediumLevelILOperation as MLIL_OP,
)

try:
    from ..function_type import FunctionTypeAnalysis
    from ..similarity.minhasher import MinHasher, TokenKind
    from ..utils.hashes import calculate_sha256, calculate_tlsh
    from .medium_level_normalization import MediumLevelNormalization
except ImportError:
    from redb.extractors.decompiler.bninja.analysis.medium_level_normalization import MediumLevelNormalization
    from redb.extractors.decompiler.bninja.similarity.minhasher import MinHasher
    from redb.extractors.decompiler.bninja.function_type import FunctionTypeAnalysis
    from redb.extractors.decompiler.bninja.utils.hashes import calculate_sha256, calculate_tlsh


_MLIL_CALL_OPS = (
    MLIL_OP.MLIL_CALL,
    MLIL_OP.MLIL_CALL_SSA,
    MLIL_OP.MLIL_CALL_UNTYPED,
    MLIL_OP.MLIL_CALL_UNTYPED_SSA,
    MLIL_OP.MLIL_TAILCALL,
    MLIL_OP.MLIL_TAILCALL_SSA,
    MLIL_OP.MLIL_TAILCALL_UNTYPED,
    MLIL_OP.MLIL_TAILCALL_UNTYPED_SSA,
)

_MLIL_CONTROL_FLOW_OPS = (
    MLIL_OP.MLIL_IF,
    MLIL_OP.MLIL_GOTO,
    MLIL_OP.MLIL_JUMP,
    MLIL_OP.MLIL_JUMP_TO,
    MLIL_OP.MLIL_RET,
    MLIL_OP.MLIL_RET_HINT,
    MLIL_OP.MLIL_NORET,
) + _MLIL_CALL_OPS


class MediumLevelAnalysis:
    def __init__(self, function, bv, logger):
        self.function = function
        self.name = function.name
        self.start = function.start
        self.mlil_func = function.mlil
        self.bv = bv
        self.logger = logger
        self.errors = []

    def log_error(self, message, function_name, address, exception=None, error_location="unknown"):
        error_msg = f"Error in function {function_name} at {address}: {message}"
        if exception:
            error_msg += f" - {str(exception)}"
        self.logger.error(error_msg)

        error = {
            "function_name": function_name,
            "function_address": str(address),
            "error_location": error_location,
            "error_message": message,
            "error_details": str(exception) if exception else "",
            "error_type": type(exception).__name__ if exception else "Unknown",
            "timestamp": int(time.time() * 1000),
        }
        self.errors.append(error)

    def _collect_mlil_skeleton_and_typed(self):
        mlil = self.mlil_func
        if not mlil:
            return [], [], [], []

        start = self.start
        norm = MediumLevelNormalization()

        skeleton = []
        skeleton_with_addr = []
        typed = []
        typed_with_addr = []

        for il in mlil.instructions:
            skel_norm = norm.normalize_instruction_all_levels(il)
            typed_norm = norm.normalize_instr_with_operands(il)

            skeleton.append(skel_norm)
            typed.append(typed_norm)

            offset = il.address - start
            if offset < 0:
                offset = 0

            skeleton_with_addr.append((offset, skel_norm))
            typed_with_addr.append((offset, typed_norm))

        return skeleton, skeleton_with_addr, typed, typed_with_addr

    def analyze(self):
        (
            instr_skeleton,
            body_mlil_skeleton_vector,
            instr_typed,
            body_mlil_typed_vector,
        ) = self._collect_mlil_skeleton_and_typed()

        instr_skeleton_str = str(instr_skeleton)
        sha256_skeleton = calculate_sha256(instr_skeleton_str)
        tlsh_skeleton = calculate_tlsh(instr_skeleton_str)

        instr_typed_str = str(instr_typed)
        sha256_typed = calculate_sha256(instr_typed_str)
        tlsh_typed = calculate_tlsh(instr_typed_str)

        seed = 0xdeadbeef
        minhash_mlil_skeleton = MinHasher(seed, self.mlil_func, TokenKind.MLIL).calculateMinHash()
        minhash_mlil_typed = MinHasher(seed, self.mlil_func, TokenKind.TYPED_MLIL).calculateMinHash()

        medium_level_json = {
            "function_address": self.start,
            "body_mlil_skeleton_vector": body_mlil_skeleton_vector,
            "sha256_mlil_skeleton": sha256_skeleton,
            "tlsh_mlil_skeleton": tlsh_skeleton,
            "minhash_mlil_skeleton": minhash_mlil_skeleton,
            "body_mlil_typed_vector": body_mlil_typed_vector,
            "sha256_mlil_typed": sha256_typed,
            "tlsh_mlil_typed": tlsh_typed,
            "minhash_mlil_typed": minhash_mlil_typed,
        }

        return medium_level_json, self.errors