Mahmoud Wagih

19 papers Journal 12Unranked 7
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2026 conf
WiSNet
James Stephenson, Manoj Kumar, Johannes Schneider, Shanmugam Kumar, Mahmoud Wagih
2025 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap.
Xiaochuan Fang, Mahmoud Wagih
2025 J jnl
IEEE Access
Mohammad Abualhayja'a, Mahmoud Wagih, Anthony Centeno, Muhammad Ali Imran, Lina S. Mohjazi
2025 conf
RFID-TA
Xiaochuan Fang, Mahmoud Wagih
2024 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.
Mahmoud Wagih, Abiodun Komolafe, Irfan Ullah, Alex S. Weddell, Steve P. Beeby
2024 J jnl
CoRR
Benjamin King, Nikolas Bruce, Mahmoud Wagih
2023 J jnl
Sensors
Alexandar Todorov, Russel N. Torah, Mahmoud Wagih, Michael R. Ardern-Jones, Steve P. Beeby
2023 conf
SENSORS
Marzieh Dordanihaghighi, Ali Maleki Gargari, Mahmoud Wagih, Mohammad Arjmand, Mohammad Hossein Zarifi
2023 conf
NEWCAS
Jungang Zhang, Mahmoud Wagih, Daniel Hoare, Nosrat Mirzai, John R. Mercer, Rupam Das, Hadi Heidari
2023 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.
Irfan Ullah, Mahmoud Wagih, Yixuan Sun, Yi Li, Kata Hajdu, Rémi Courson, Catherine Dreanno, Enora Prado, Abiodun Komolafe, Nick R. Harris, Neil M. White, Stephen P. Beeby
2022 conf
ICECS 2022
Irfan Ullah, Mahmoud Wagih, Stephen P. Beeby
2022 J jnl
Sensors
Mahmoud Wagih, Alex S. Weddell, Steve P. Beeby
2022 J jnl
IEEE Internet Things J.
Mahmoud Wagih, Geoffrey S. Hilton, Alex S. Weddell, Stephen P. Beeby
2022 conf
ICECS 2022
Mahmoud Wagih, Dimitra G. Georgiadou
2021 conf
RFID-TA
Mahmoud Wagih, Anand Savanth, Sahan Gamage, Alex S. Weddell, Steve P. Beeby
2021 J jnl
IEEE Access
Abiodun Komolafe, Bahareh Zaghari, Russel N. Torah, Alex S. Weddell, Hamideh Khanbareh, Zois Michail Tsikriteas, Mark Vousden, Mahmoud Wagih, Ulises Tronco Jurado, Junjie Shi, Sheng Yong, Sasikumar Arumugam, Yi Li, Kai Yang, Guillaume Savelli, Neil M. White, Stephen P. Beeby
2020 J jnl
IEEE Access
Mahmoud Wagih, Abiodun Komolafe, Bahareh Zaghari
2020 J jnl
IEEE Access
Mahmoud Wagih, Oktay Cetinkaya, Bahareh Zaghari, Alex S. Weddell, Stephen P. Beeby
2020 J jnl
Sensors
Mahmoud Wagih, Yang Wei, Abiodun Komolafe, Russel N. Torah, Stephen P. Beeby
tests/unit/test_apk_method_extractor.py
← Index tests/unit/test_apk_method_extractor.py python
"""
Unit tests for APK method-level content extraction, hashing, and similarity.

Tests SHA-256 normalization, ssdeep/TLSH computation, obfuscation detection,
and Dalvik-to-Java type conversion.
"""
import pytest

pytestmark = [pytest.mark.unit, pytest.mark.apk, pytest.mark.decompile]


class TestHashingFunctions:
    """Tests for hashing utility functions."""

    def test_sha256_deterministic(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_sha256
        h1 = compute_sha256("invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V")
        h2 = compute_sha256("invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V")
        assert h1 == h2

    def test_sha256_hex_length(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_sha256
        assert len(compute_sha256("test")) == 64

    def test_sha256_different_inputs(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_sha256
        assert compute_sha256("aaa") != compute_sha256("bbb")

    def test_ssdeep_none_for_short(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_ssdeep
        assert compute_ssdeep("short") is None

    def test_tlsh_none_for_short(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_tlsh
        assert compute_tlsh("x") is None


class TestObfuscationDetection:
    """Tests for obfuscation indicator detection."""

    def test_short_method_name_single_char(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("a", "Lcom/Foo;", "", 10)
        assert r["short_method_name"] is True

    def test_short_method_name_two_chars(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("ab", "Lcom/Foo;", "", 10)
        assert r["short_method_name"] is True

    def test_normal_method_name(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("onCreate", "Lcom/Foo;", "", 10)
        assert r["short_method_name"] is False

    def test_short_class_name(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("foo", "Lcom/a;", "", 10)
        assert r["short_class_name"] is True

    def test_normal_class_name(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("foo", "Lcom/example/MainActivity;", "", 10)
        assert r["short_class_name"] is False

    def test_string_encryption_detected(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = (
            'const-string v0, "xyz"\n'
            'invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/Enc;->decrypt(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;\n'
        )
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 10)
        assert r["has_string_encryption"] is True

    def test_no_string_encryption(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = 'const-string v0, "hello"\ninvoke-virtual {v0}, Ljava/lang/String;->length()I'
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 10)
        assert r["has_string_encryption"] is False

    def test_reflection_detected(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = 'invoke-virtual {v0, v1}, Ljava/lang/Class;->forName(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Class;'
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 10)
        assert r["has_reflection_calls"] is True

    def test_no_reflection(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = 'invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V'
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 10)
        assert r["has_reflection_calls"] is False

    def test_excessive_goto_detected(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = "\n".join(["goto :label"] * 10)
        # threshold = max(5, 20*0.15=3) = 5, 10 > 5
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 20)
        assert r["excessive_goto_count"] is True

    def test_no_excessive_goto(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = "goto :label\nreturn-void"
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 100)
        assert r["excessive_goto_count"] is False

    def test_goto_16_counted(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = "\n".join(["goto/16 :label"] * 10)
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 20)
        assert r["excessive_goto_count"] is True


class TestDalvikTypeConversion:
    """Tests for Dalvik-to-Java type conversion."""

    def test_void(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("V") == "void"

    def test_primitives(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("I") == "int"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("Z") == "boolean"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("J") == "long"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("F") == "float"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("D") == "double"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("B") == "byte"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("S") == "short"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("C") == "char"

    def test_object_type(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("Ljava/lang/String;") == "String"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("Lcom/example/Foo;") == "Foo"

    def test_array_type(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("[I") == "int[]"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("[Ljava/lang/String;") == "String[]"

    def test_empty_returns_void(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("") == "void"


class TestJavaPrototypeConversion:
    """Tests for method signature to Java prototype conversion."""

    def test_simple_method(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_to_java_prototype
        assert dalvik_to_java_prototype("foo", "()V") == "void foo()"

    def test_method_with_params(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_to_java_prototype
        result = dalvik_to_java_prototype("bar", "(ILjava/lang/String;)Z")
        assert result == "boolean bar(int, String)"

    def test_method_returning_object(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_to_java_prototype
        result = dalvik_to_java_prototype("create", "()Lcom/example/Foo;")
        assert result == "Foo create()"

    def test_empty_signature(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_to_java_prototype
        result = dalvik_to_java_prototype("m", "")
        assert "m()" in result


class TestDalvikParamParsing:
    """Tests for parsing Dalvik parameter descriptors."""

    def test_empty(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        assert _parse_dalvik_params("") == []

    def test_single_primitive(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        assert _parse_dalvik_params("I") == ["I"]

    def test_multiple_primitives(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        assert _parse_dalvik_params("IZJ") == ["I", "Z", "J"]

    def test_single_object(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        assert _parse_dalvik_params("Ljava/lang/String;") == ["Ljava/lang/String;"]

    def test_mixed(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        result = _parse_dalvik_params("ILjava/lang/String;Z")
        assert result == ["I", "Ljava/lang/String;", "Z"]

    def test_arrays(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        result = _parse_dalvik_params("[I[Ljava/lang/String;")
        assert result == ["[I", "[Ljava/lang/String;"]

    def test_two_objects(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        result = _parse_dalvik_params("Landroid/os/Bundle;Ljava/lang/String;")
        assert len(result) == 2