Mahendra Kumar Shukla

35 papers Journal 30Unranked 5
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2026 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Artif. Intell.
Vikash Kumar Bhardwaj, Abhishek Singh, Omm Prakash Sahoo, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Om Jee Pandey
2026 J jnl
IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett.
Ankesh Gupta, Parthkumar Mungra, Ayush Vishwakarma, Md Adil, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Om Jee Pandey
2026 J jnl
IEEE Internet Things J.
Vishal Krishna Singh, Niharika Anand, Krishna Sharma S, A. Anjali, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Rajkumar Singh Rathore, Weiwei Jiang
2026 J jnl
IEEE Netw. Lett.
Muthiah Sivavelan S., Astitva Kamble, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Om Jee Pandey
2026 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.
Ravindra Kumar, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Vinay Kumar, Rajeev Tripathi
2025 conf
ANTS
Vikash Kumar Bhardwaj, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Om Jee Pandey
2025 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw.
Ravindra Kumar, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Vinay Kumar, Rajeev Tripathi
2025 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap.
Vikash Kumar Bhardwaj, Omm Prakash Sahoo, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Om Jee Pandey
2025 conf
ANTS
Vikash Kumar Bhardwaj, Abhishek Singh, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Om Jee Pandey
2025 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manag.
Vikash Kumar Bhardwaj, Gagan Mundada, Omm Prakash Sahoo, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Om Jee Pandey
2025 J jnl
IEEE Netw. Lett.
Sankalp, Lata, Gaurang Sondur, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Om Jee Pandey, Maxime Guillaud
2025 J jnl
IEEE Netw. Lett.
Saransh Shankar, Divjot Singh, Anurag Badoni, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Om Jee Pandey, Nadjib Aitsaadi
2024 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Sustain. Comput.
Aman Mishra, Yash Garg, Om Jee Pandey, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Athanasios V. Vasilakos, Rajesh M. Hegde
2024 conf
ANTS
Neha Sharma, Prateek Rathore, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Om Jee Pandey
2023 J jnl
IEEE Commun. Lett.
Amit Kumar Shrivastava, Upendra K. Agrawal, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Om Jee Pandey
2022 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Cogn. Commun. Netw.
Om Jee Pandey, Tankala Yuvaraj, Joseph K. Paul, Ha H. Nguyen, Karthikay Gundepudi, Mahendra Kumar Shukla
2021 J jnl
CoRR
Abhishek Gupta, Om Jee Pandey, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Anjali Dadhich, Samar Mathur, Anup Ingle
2021 J jnl
IEEE Syst. J.
Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Ha H. Nguyen
2021 J jnl
Comput. Stand. Interfaces
Xuran Li, Hong-Ning Dai, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Dengwang Li, Huaqiang Xu, Muhammad Imran
2020 J jnl
Comput. Commun.
Qubeijian Wang, Hong-Ning Dai, Xuran Li, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Muhammad Imran
2020 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manag.
Om Jee Pandey, Ved Gautam, Ha H. Nguyen, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Rajesh M. Hegde
2020 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw.
Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Ha H. Nguyen, Om Jee Pandey
2020 J jnl
IEEE Internet Things J.
Qubeijian Wang, Hong-Ning Dai, Qiu Wang, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Wei Zhang, Carlos Guedes Soares
2020 J jnl
IEEE Access
Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Ha H. Nguyen, Om Jee Pandey
2020 J jnl
IEEE Commun. Lett.
Om Jee Pandey, Ved Gautam, Saket Jha, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Rajesh M. Hegde
2020 J jnl
CoRR
Yalin Liu, Hong-Ning Dai, Qubeijian Wang, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Muhammad Imran
2020 J jnl
Comput. Commun.
Yalin Liu, Hong-Ning Dai, Qubeijian Wang, Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Muhammad Imran
2019 J jnl
Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol.
Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Suneel Yadav, Neetesh Purohit
2018 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.
Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Suneel Yadav, Neetesh Purohit
2018 J jnl
Wirel. Pers. Commun.
Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Suneel Yadav, Neetesh Purohit
2018 J jnl
IEEE Syst. J.
Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Suneel Yadav, Neetesh Purohit
2018 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.
Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Suneel Yadav, Neetesh Purohit
2017 J jnl
Wirel. Pers. Commun.
Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Suneel Yadav, Neetesh Purohit
2013 conf
WOCN
Om Jee Pandey, Aditya Trivedi, Mahendra Kumar Shukla
2013 conf
ICACCI
Mahendra Kumar Shukla, Aditya Trivedi, Om Jee Pandey
redb/extractors/decompiler/_archive/GhidraDecompilerScript-v2.java
← Index redb/extractors/decompiler/_archive/GhidraDecompilerScript-v2.java java
import ghidra.app.script.GhidraScript;
import ghidra.program.model.listing.*;
import ghidra.app.decompiler.*;
import ghidra.program.model.block.*;
import ghidra.program.model.symbol.*;
import ghidra.program.model.pcode.*;
import ghidra.program.model.address.*;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class GhidraDecompilerScript extends GhidraScript {
    private DecompInterface decompInterface;
    private BasicBlockModel basicBlockModel;

    @Override
    public void run() throws Exception {
        System.err.println("{\"debug\": \"Script starting\"}");

        // Get binary hash and filepath from arguments
        String[] args = getScriptArgs();
        if (args.length < 2) {
            System.err.println("{\"error\": \"Both SHA256 and filepath arguments are required\"}");
            return;
        }
        String sha256 = args[0];
        String filepath = args[1];

        // Add debug output after setup
        System.err.println("{\"debug\": \"Processing file: " + args[1] + "\"}");

        // Initialize analysis components
        setupDecompiler();
        basicBlockModel = new BasicBlockModel(currentProgram);

        // Create the main JSON object for output
        JSONObject output = new JSONObject();
        output.put("sha256", sha256);
        output.put("decompiled", new JSONArray());
        output.put("disassembled", new JSONArray());
        output.put("cfg", new JSONArray());

        // Process all functions
        FunctionIterator functions = currentProgram.getFunctionManager().getFunctions(true);
        for (Function function : functions) {
            processFunction(function, output);
        }

        System.err.println("{\"debug\": \"Preparing final output\"}");
        // Output the final JSON to stdout
        System.out.println(output.toString());
    }

    private void setupDecompiler() {
        decompInterface = new DecompInterface();
        DecompileOptions options = new DecompileOptions();
        decompInterface.setOptions(options);
        decompInterface.openProgram(currentProgram);
    }

    private void processFunction(Function function, JSONObject output) {
        try {
            Address entry = function.getEntryPoint();
            String functionName = function.getName();
            String functionAddress = entry.toString();

            // Process each analysis type independently
            boolean hasAnyResults = false;

            try {
                if (processDecompiledCode(function, output.getJSONArray("decompiled"),
                                        functionName, functionAddress)) {
                    hasAnyResults = true;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                System.err.println(String.format(
                    "{\"error\": \"Decompilation failed for function %s: %s\"}",
                    functionName, e.getMessage().replace("\"", "'")));
            }

            try {
                if (processDisassembledCode(function, output.getJSONArray("disassembled"),
                                        functionName, functionAddress)) {
                    hasAnyResults = true;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                System.err.println(String.format(
                    "{\"error\": \"Disassembly failed for function %s: %s\"}",
                    functionName, e.getMessage().replace("\"", "'")));
            }

            try {
                if (processCFG(function, output.getJSONArray("cfg"), functionAddress)) {
                    hasAnyResults = true;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                System.err.println(String.format(
                    "{\"error\": \"CFG extraction failed for function %s: %s\"}",
                    functionName, e.getMessage().replace("\"", "'")));
            }

            if (!hasAnyResults) {
                System.err.println(String.format(
                    "{\"warning\": \"No results obtained for function %s\"}",
                    functionName));
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println(String.format(
                "{\"error\": \"Failed to process function: %s\"}",
                e.getMessage().replace("\"", "'")));
        }
    }

    private boolean processDecompiledCode(Function function, JSONArray decompArray,
                                        String functionName, String functionAddress) {
        try {
            DecompileResults results = decompInterface.decompileFunction(function, 30, monitor);
            if (results == null || !results.decompileCompleted()) {
                System.err.println(String.format(
                    "{\"warning\": \"Decompilation incomplete for function %s\"}",
                    functionName));
                return false;
            }

            String decompiledCode = results.getDecompiledFunction().getC();
            if (decompiledCode == null || decompiledCode.trim().isEmpty()) {
                System.err.println(String.format(
                    "{\"warning\": \"Empty decompilation result for function %s\"}",
                    functionName));
                return false;
            }

            String contentHash = calculateHash(decompiledCode);

            JSONObject functionObj = new JSONObject();
            functionObj.put("decompiled_content_hash", contentHash);
            functionObj.put("decompiled_function_name", functionName);
            functionObj.put("decompiled_function_address", functionAddress);
            functionObj.put("decompiled_function", decompiledCode);

            decompArray.put(functionObj);
            return true;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Decompilation error: " + e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }

    private boolean processDisassembledCode(Function function, JSONArray disasmArray,
                                        String functionName, String functionAddress) {
        try {
            StringBuilder disassembly = new StringBuilder();
            StringBuilder normalized = new StringBuilder();
            int instructionCount = 0;
            boolean hasValidInstructions = false;

            Listing listing = currentProgram.getListing();
            AddressSetView functionBody = function.getBody();
            InstructionIterator instructions = listing.getInstructions(functionBody, true);

            while (instructions.hasNext()) {
                try {
                    Instruction instr = instructions.next();
                    if (instr != null) {
                        String disasmLine = instr.toString();
                        if (disasmLine != null && !disasmLine.trim().isEmpty()) {
                            disassembly.append(disasmLine).append("\n");
                            normalized.append(normalizeInstruction(disasmLine)).append("\n");
                            instructionCount++;
                            hasValidInstructions = true;
                        }
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    System.err.println(String.format(
                        "{\"warning\": \"Skipped invalid instruction in %s: %s\"}",
                        functionName, e.getMessage().replace("\"", "'")));
                }
            }

            if (!hasValidInstructions) {
                System.err.println(String.format(
                    "{\"warning\": \"No valid instructions found in function %s\"}",
                    functionName));
                return false;
            }

            String disassembledCode = disassembly.toString();
            String contentHash = calculateHash(disassembledCode);

            JSONObject functionObj = new JSONObject();
            functionObj.put("disassembled_content_hash", contentHash);
            functionObj.put("disassembled_function_name", functionName);
            functionObj.put("disassembled_function_address", functionAddress);
            functionObj.put("disassembled_function", disassembledCode);
            functionObj.put("normalized_disassembly", normalized.toString());
            functionObj.put("instruction_count", instructionCount);

            // Initialize similarity fields as null
            functionObj.put("minhash_signature", JSONObject.NULL);
            functionObj.put("opcode_frequency_vector", JSONObject.NULL);
            functionObj.put("api_calls_vector", JSONObject.NULL);
            functionObj.put("instruction_embedding", JSONObject.NULL);

            disasmArray.put(functionObj);
            return true;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Disassembly error: " + e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }

    private boolean processCFG(Function function, JSONArray cfgArray, String functionAddress) {
        try {
            CodeBlockIterator blocks = basicBlockModel.getCodeBlocksContaining(
                function.getBody(), monitor);

            boolean hasValidBlocks = false;

            while (blocks.hasNext()) {
                try {
                    CodeBlock block = blocks.next();
                    String blockInstructions = getBlockInstructions(block);

                    if (blockInstructions == null || blockInstructions.trim().isEmpty()) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    String blockId = calculateHash(blockInstructions);

                    JSONObject blockObj = new JSONObject();
                    blockObj.put("block_id", blockId);
                    blockObj.put("function_address", functionAddress);
                    blockObj.put("block_instructions", blockInstructions);

                    // Process successors with error handling
                    JSONArray successorAddresses = new JSONArray();
                    try {
                        CodeBlockReferenceIterator successors = block.getDestinations(monitor);
                        while (successors.hasNext()) {
                            try {
                                CodeBlockReference ref = successors.next();
                                if (ref != null && ref.getDestinationAddress() != null) {
                                    successorAddresses.put(ref.getDestinationAddress().toString());
                                }
                            } catch (Exception e) {
                                System.err.println(String.format(
                                    "{\"warning\": \"Skipped invalid successor in block %s: %s\"}",
                                    blockId, e.getMessage().replace("\"", "'")));
                            }
                        }
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        System.err.println(String.format(
                            "{\"warning\": \"Error processing successors for block %s: %s\"}",
                            blockId, e.getMessage().replace("\"", "'")));
                    }

                    blockObj.put("successor_blocks", successorAddresses);
                    cfgArray.put(blockObj);
                    hasValidBlocks = true;

                } catch (Exception e) {
                    System.err.println(String.format(
                        "{\"warning\": \"Skipped invalid block in function %s: %s\"}",
                        functionAddress, e.getMessage().replace("\"", "'")));
                }
            }

            return hasValidBlocks;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("CFG extraction error: " + e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }

    private String getBlockInstructions(CodeBlock block) {
        StringBuilder instructions = new StringBuilder();
        try {
            AddressIterator addresses = block.getAddresses(true);
            while (addresses.hasNext()) {
                try {
                    Address addr = addresses.next();
                    if (addr != null) {
                        Instruction instr = currentProgram.getListing().getInstructionAt(addr);
                        if (instr != null) {
                            instructions.append(instr.toString()).append("\n");
                        }
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    System.err.println(String.format(
                        "{\"warning\": \"Skipped invalid instruction at address %s: %s\"}",
                        addresses.next(), e.getMessage().replace("\"", "'")));
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println(String.format(
                "{\"warning\": \"Error getting block instructions: %s\"}",
                e.getMessage().replace("\"", "'")));
        }
        return instructions.toString();
    }

    private String normalizeInstruction(String instruction) {
        try {
            if (instruction == null || instruction.trim().isEmpty()) {
                return "";
            }
            return instruction.replaceAll("0x[0-9a-fA-F]+", "IMM")
                            .replaceAll("\\b\\d+\\b", "NUM")
                            .replaceAll("[\\[\\]\\+\\-\\*/%&|^]+", "_OP_");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println(String.format(
                "{\"warning\": \"Error normalizing instruction: %s\"}",
                e.getMessage().replace("\"", "'")));
            return instruction;
        }
    }

    private String calculateHash(String content) {
        try {
            if (content == null || content.trim().isEmpty()) {
                return "";
            }
            MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
            byte[] hash = digest.digest(content.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            StringBuilder hexString = new StringBuilder();
            for (byte b : hash) {
                hexString.append(String.format("%02x", b));
            }
            return hexString.toString();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println(String.format(
                "{\"error\": \"Error calculating hash: %s\"}",
                e.getMessage().replace("\"", "'")));
            return "";
        }
    }
}