Madhukar Budagavi

56 papers A* 1B 10C 7Misc 4Journal 23Unranked 8
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2026 J jnl
RFC
Youngkwon Lim, Minwoo Park, Madhukar Budagavi, Rajan Joshi, Kwang Pyo Choi
2023 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph.
Chenxu Zhang, Saifeng Ni, Zhipeng Fan, Hongbo Li, Ming Zeng, Madhukar Budagavi, Xiaohu Guo
2022 conf
ACCV (1)
Alakh Aggarwal, Jikai Wang, Steven Hogue, Saifeng Ni, Madhukar Budagavi, Xiaohu Guo
2022 J jnl
CoRR
Alakh Aggarwal, Jikai Wang, Steven Hogue, Saifeng Ni, Madhukar Budagavi, Xiaohu Guo
2021 A* conf
ICCV
Chenxu Zhang, Yifan Zhao, Yifei Huang, Ming Zeng, Saifeng Ni, Madhukar Budagavi, Xiaohu Guo
2021 J jnl
CoRR
Chenxu Zhang, Yifan Zhao, Yifei Huang, Ming Zeng, Saifeng Ni, Madhukar Budagavi, Xiaohu Guo
2021 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Multim.
Xueshi Hou, Sujit Dey, Jianzhong Zhang, Madhukar Budagavi
2020 C conf
MMSP
Esmaeil Faramarzi, Rajan Joshi, Madhukar Budagavi
2020 conf
SIGGRAPH Posters
Saifeng Ni, Ran Luo, Yue Zhang, Madhukar Budagavi, Andrew Joseph Dickerson, Abhishek Nagar, Xiaohu Guo
2019 J jnl
IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Circuits Syst.
Sebastian Schwarz, Marius Preda, Vittorio Baroncini, Madhukar Budagavi, Pablo César, Philip A. Chou, Robert A. Cohen, Maja Krivokuca, Sebastien Lasserre, Zhu Li, Joan Llach, Khaled Mammou, Rufael Mekuria, Ohji Nakagami, Ernestasia Siahaan, Ali J. Tabatabai, Alexis M. Tourapis, Vladyslav Zakharchenko
2019 B conf
GLOBECOM
Xueshi Hou, Jianzhong Zhang, Madhukar Budagavi, Sujit Dey
2019 J jnl
IEEE Signal Process. Mag.
Euee S. Jang, Marius Preda, Khaled Mammou, Alexis M. Tourapis, Jungsun Kim, Danillo Bracco Graziosi, Sungryeul Rhyu, Madhukar Budagavi
2018 conf
VR/AR Network@SIGCOMM
Xueshi Hou, Sujit Dey, Jianzhong Zhang, Madhukar Budagavi
2017 J jnl
CoRR
Tuan Ho, Ioannis D. Schizas, K. R. Rao, Madhukar Budagavi
2017 B conf
ICIP
Tuan Ho, Ioannis D. Schizas, K. R. Rao, Madhukar Budagavi
2017 Misc conf
ICASSP
Tuan Ho, Madhukar Budagavi
2017 J jnl
CoRR
Tuan Ho, Madhukar Budagavi
2017 B conf
ICIP
Li Li, Zhu Li, Madhukar Budagavi, Houqiang Li
2017 J jnl
CoRR
Li Li, Zhu Li, Madhukar Budagavi, Houqiang Li
2017 B conf
ICIP
Hossein Najaf-Zadeh, Madhukar Budagavi, Esmaeil Faramarzi
2016 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Image Process.
Haoming Chen, Tao Zhang, Ming-Ting Sun, Ankur Saxena, Madhukar Budagavi
2016 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol.
Jens-Rainer Ohm, Gary J. Sullivan, Vivienne Sze, Thomas Wiegand, Madhukar Budagavi
2015 B conf
ICIP
Madhukar Budagavi, John Furton, Guoxin Jin, Ankur Saxena, Jeffrey Wilkinson, Andrew Dickerson
2015 C conf
ISCAS
Haoming Chen, Yu-Sheng Chen, Ming-Ting Sun, Ankur Saxena, Madhukar Budagavi
2015 B conf
ICIP
Ankur Saxena, Mohammed A. Aabed, Madhukar Budagavi
2015 B conf
ICIP
Guoxin Jin, Ankur Saxena, Madhukar Budagavi
2014 C conf
ISCAS
Do-Kyoung Kwon, Madhukar Budagavi
2014 ch.
High Efficiency Video Coding
Madhukar Budagavi, Arild Fuldseth, Gisle Bjøntegaard
2014 book
Vivienne Sze, Madhukar Budagavi, Gary J. Sullivan
2013 conf
SiPS
Vivienne Sze, Madhukar Budagavi
2013 C conf
PCS
Do-Kyoung Kwon, Madhukar Budagavi
2013 J jnl
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process.
Madhukar Budagavi, Arild Fuldseth, Gisle Bjøntegaard, Vivienne Sze, Mangesh Sadafale
2013 C conf
PCS
Madhukar Budagavi, Do-Kyoung Kwon
2013 Misc conf
ICASSP
Do-Kyoung Kwon, Madhukar Budagavi, Minhua Zhou
2012 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol.
Vivienne Sze, Madhukar Budagavi
2012 C conf
PCS
Vivienne Sze, Madhukar Budagavi
2012 B conf
ICIP
Madhukar Budagavi, Vivienne Sze
2011 B conf
ICIP
Madhukar Budagavi, Vivienne Sze, Minhua Zhou
2011 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol.
Ajit Gupte, Bharadwaj Amrutur, Mahesh Mehendale, Ajit V. Rao, Madhukar Budagavi
2010 J jnl
Signal Process. Image Commun.
Rajesh Narasimha, Madhukar Budagavi, Seok-Jun Lee, David D. Wentzloff
2008 J jnl
J. Real Time Image Process.
Jianfeng Ren, Nasser Kehtarnavaz, Madhukar Budagavi
2008 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron.
Jianfeng Ren, Nasser Kehtarnavaz, Madhukar Budagavi
2008 conf
Real-Time Image Processing
Jianfeng Ren, Nasser Kehtarnavaz, Madhukar Budagavi
2008 B conf
ICIP
Vivienne Sze, Anantha P. Chandrakasan, Madhukar Budagavi, Minhua Zhou
2008 ch.
Encyclopedia of Wireless and Mobile Communications
Madhukar Budagavi, Raj Talluri
2008 Misc conf
ICASSP
Madhukar Budagavi, Minhua Zhou
2007 C conf
VCIP
Madhukar Budagavi, Minhua Zhou
2006 J jnl
J. Real Time Image Process.
Madhukar Budagavi
2005 conf
ICIP (2)
Madhukar Budagavi
2001 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Image Process.
Madhukar Budagavi, Jerry D. Gibson
2000 J jnl
IEEE Signal Process. Mag.
Madhukar Budagavi, Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman, Jennifer L. H. Webb, Raj Talluri
1999 J jnl
J. VLSI Signal Process.
Madhukar Budagavi, Jennifer Webb, Minhua Zhou, Jie Liang, Raj Talluri
1999 conf
ICIP (2)
Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman, Madhukar Budagavi, Raj Talluri
1999 Misc conf
ICASSP
Madhukar Budagavi, Wendi Rabiner, Jennifer Webb, Raj Talluri
1998 J jnl
Proc. IEEE
Madhukar Budagavi, Jerry D. Gibson
1997 conf
ICIP (2)
Madhukar Budagavi, Jerry D. Gibson
tests/unit/test_apk_cfg_features.py
← Index tests/unit/test_apk_cfg_features.py python
"""
Unit tests for APK CFG feature parity with the Binary Ninja pipeline.

Tests advanced CFG features computed from smali (topology hash, MD-index,
WL-MinHash, prime product, packed adjacency, block features export) and
the slimmed similarity table.

All tests use mocked smali input — no JADX/apktool/Java required.
"""
import pytest

from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import (
    SmaliCFGMetrics,
    compute_cfg_metrics,
)
from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import (
    SMALI_OP_PRIMES,
    compute_prime_product_smali,
    count_call_instructions,
)

pytestmark = [pytest.mark.unit, pytest.mark.apk, pytest.mark.decompile]


# ===================================================================
# Sample smali bodies for testing
# ===================================================================

# Simple linear method: 3 instructions, 1 block
SMALI_LINEAR = """\
    const/4 v0, 0x0
    invoke-virtual {p0, v0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar(I)V
    return-void
"""

# Diamond CFG: if-else with two paths merging
SMALI_DIAMOND = """\
    const/4 v0, 0x1
    if-eqz v0, :cond_0
    invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->pathA()V
    goto :goto_0
    :cond_0
    invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->pathB()V
    :goto_0
    return-void
"""

# Loop: a back edge from goto to a label before it
SMALI_LOOP = """\
    const/4 v0, 0x0
    :loop_start
    add-int/lit8 v0, v0, 0x1
    if-lt v0, v1, :loop_start
    return-void
"""

# Multi-block with several invoke calls
SMALI_MULTI_CALL = """\
    invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->a()V
    invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/Bar;->b(I)V
    invoke-direct {p0, v1}, Lcom/Baz;-><init>(I)V
    const/4 v0, 0x0
    return-void
"""


# ===================================================================
# TestSmaliCFGMetricsAdvanced — new fields in SmaliCFGMetrics
# ===================================================================

class TestSmaliCFGMetricsAdvanced:
    """Test that advanced CFG fields are populated by compute_cfg_metrics."""

    def test_topology_hash_is_bytes(self):
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(SMALI_DIAMOND)
        assert isinstance(m.cfg_topology_hash, bytes)
        assert len(m.cfg_topology_hash) == 16

    def test_topology_hash_nonzero_for_multiblock(self):
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(SMALI_DIAMOND)
        assert m.cfg_topology_hash != b'\x00' * 16

    def test_topology_hash_zero_for_empty(self):
        m = compute_cfg_metrics("")
        assert m.cfg_topology_hash == b'\x00' * 16

    def test_identical_cfg_same_topology_hash(self):
        """Two smali methods with the same CFG structure produce the same hash."""
        smali_a = """\
    const/4 v0, 0x1
    if-eqz v0, :cond_0
    const/4 v1, 0x2
    goto :goto_0
    :cond_0
    const/4 v1, 0x3
    :goto_0
    return-void
"""
        smali_b = """\
    const/4 v5, 0x9
    if-nez v5, :cond_0
    add-int v6, v5, v5
    goto :goto_0
    :cond_0
    sub-int v6, v5, v5
    :goto_0
    return-void
"""
        m_a = compute_cfg_metrics(smali_a)
        m_b = compute_cfg_metrics(smali_b)
        assert m_a.cfg_topology_hash == m_b.cfg_topology_hash

    def test_different_cfg_different_topology_hash(self):
        m_linear = compute_cfg_metrics(SMALI_LINEAR)
        m_diamond = compute_cfg_metrics(SMALI_DIAMOND)
        assert m_linear.cfg_topology_hash != m_diamond.cfg_topology_hash

    def test_md_index_topdown_nonzero(self):
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(SMALI_DIAMOND)
        assert m.md_index_topdown != 0

    def test_md_index_bottomup_nonzero(self):
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(SMALI_DIAMOND)
        assert m.md_index_bottomup != 0

    def test_md_index_zero_for_empty(self):
        m = compute_cfg_metrics("")
        assert m.md_index_topdown == 0
        assert m.md_index_bottomup == 0

    def test_wl_minhash_length(self):
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(SMALI_DIAMOND)
        assert len(m.wl_minhash) == 128

    def test_wl_minhash_sentinel_for_empty(self):
        m = compute_cfg_metrics("")
        assert m.wl_minhash == [255] * 128

    def test_wl_minhash_values_are_uint8(self):
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(SMALI_DIAMOND)
        for val in m.wl_minhash:
            assert 0 <= val <= 255

    def test_cfg_adjacency_nonempty_for_multiblock(self):
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(SMALI_DIAMOND)
        assert len(m.cfg_adjacency) > 0

    def test_cfg_adjacency_empty_for_empty(self):
        m = compute_cfg_metrics("")
        assert m.cfg_adjacency == []

    def test_cfg_adjacency_packed_format(self):
        """Each entry should be (src << 16) | tgt."""
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(SMALI_DIAMOND)
        for edge in m.cfg_adjacency:
            assert isinstance(edge, int)
            src = edge >> 16
            tgt = edge & 0xFFFF
            assert src < m.block_count
            assert tgt < m.block_count

    def test_block_features_exported(self):
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(SMALI_DIAMOND)
        assert len(m.block_features) == m.block_count
        for bf in m.block_features:
            assert len(bf) == 8  # 7 categories + successor_count

    def test_cfg_feature_tlsh_none_for_small(self):
        """Small methods produce None (< 50 bytes of feature data)."""
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(SMALI_LINEAR)
        # Single-block linear method — too small for TLSH
        assert m.cfg_feature_tlsh is None

    def test_loop_count_with_back_edge(self):
        m = compute_cfg_metrics(SMALI_LOOP)
        assert m.loop_count >= 1


# ===================================================================
# TestPrimeProductSmali
# ===================================================================

class TestPrimeProductSmali:

    def test_empty_returns_zero(self):
        assert compute_prime_product_smali("") == 0

    def test_none_returns_zero(self):
        assert compute_prime_product_smali(None) == 0

    def test_known_computation(self):
        """Single invoke instruction → CALL category → prime 17."""
        smali = "    invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V"
        assert compute_prime_product_smali(smali) == 17

    def test_two_instructions(self):
        """const (CONST→2) * invoke (CALL→17) = 34."""
        smali = """\
    const/4 v0, 0x0
    invoke-virtual {p0, v0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar(I)V
"""
        assert compute_prime_product_smali(smali) == 2 * 17

    def test_skips_directives_and_labels(self):
        """Directives, labels, and comments should be skipped."""
        smali = """\
.registers 2
.line 10
    :label
    # comment
    const/4 v0, 0x0
"""
        # Only const/4 → CONST → prime 2
        assert compute_prime_product_smali(smali) == 2

    def test_position_independent(self):
        """Reordering instructions produces the same product (multiplication is commutative)."""
        smali_a = """\
    add-int v0, v1, v2
    invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V
"""
        smali_b = """\
    invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V
    add-int v0, v1, v2
"""
        assert compute_prime_product_smali(smali_a) == compute_prime_product_smali(smali_b)

    def test_all_categories_have_primes(self):
        """Every category in SMALI_OP_PRIMES is a positive integer."""
        for cat, prime in SMALI_OP_PRIMES.items():
            assert isinstance(prime, int)
            assert prime >= 1

    def test_mod_2_64(self):
        """Result should be mod 2^64 (doesn't overflow)."""
        # A very long method — product stays within uint64
        smali = "\n".join(["    mul-int v0, v1, v2"] * 1000)
        result = compute_prime_product_smali(smali)
        assert 0 <= result < 2**64


# ===================================================================
# TestCallCount
# ===================================================================

class TestCallCount:

    def test_empty(self):
        assert count_call_instructions("") == 0

    def test_none(self):
        assert count_call_instructions(None) == 0

    def test_single_invoke(self):
        smali = "    invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V"
        assert count_call_instructions(smali) == 1

    def test_multiple_invoke_types(self):
        assert count_call_instructions(SMALI_MULTI_CALL) == 3

    def test_non_invoke_not_counted(self):
        smali = """\
    const/4 v0, 0x0
    add-int v1, v0, v0
    return-void
"""
        assert count_call_instructions(smali) == 0


# ===================================================================
# TestSimilarityTableSlimmed
# ===================================================================

class TestSimilarityTableSlimmed:
    """Verify the similarity table no longer contains moved fields."""

    def test_export_similarity_no_block_count(self):
        """block_count should not be in similarity export columns."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileAPK import DecompileAPK
        from unittest.mock import MagicMock

        extractor = DecompileAPK.__new__(DecompileAPK)
        extractor.log = MagicMock()
        extractor.sha256 = "a" * 64
        extractor.sha1 = "b" * 40
        extractor.md5 = "c" * 32
        extractor.analysis_results = {
            "sha256": "a" * 64,
            "sha1": "b" * 40,
            "md5": "c" * 32,
            "similarity_metrics": [{
                "smali_method_hash": "d" * 64,
                "cyclomatic_complexity": 3,
                "ssdeep_smali": None,
                "tlsh_smali": None,
                "minhash": [1, 2, 3],
            }],
        }

        export = extractor.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
        sim_cols = export["method_similarity_metrics"]["column_names"]
        assert "block_count" not in sim_cols
        assert "edge_count" not in sim_cols
        assert "loop_count" not in sim_cols
        assert "max_depth" not in sim_cols
        assert "max_fan_out" not in sim_cols
        # These should still be there
        assert "smali_method_hash" in sim_cols
        assert "ssdeep_smali" in sim_cols
        assert "minhash" in sim_cols
        # cyclomatic_complexity moved to cfg table
        assert "cyclomatic_complexity" not in sim_cols


# ===================================================================
# TestCFGTableExport
# ===================================================================

class TestCFGTableExport:
    """Verify the new CFG table is exported correctly."""

    def test_export_cfg_table_present(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileAPK import DecompileAPK
        from unittest.mock import MagicMock

        extractor = DecompileAPK.__new__(DecompileAPK)
        extractor.log = MagicMock()
        extractor.analysis_results = {
            "sha256": "a" * 64,
            "sha1": "b" * 40,
            "md5": "c" * 32,
            "cfg": [{
                "smali_method_hash": "d" * 64,
                "cfg_topology_hash": b'\x01' * 16,
                "block_count": 4,
                "edge_count": 5,
                "instructions_count": 20,
                "call_count": 3,
                "cyclomatic_complexity": 3,
                "loop_count": 1,
                "max_depth": 2,
                "max_fan_out": 2,
                "md_index_topdown": 12345,
                "md_index_bottomup": 67890,
                "prime_product_smali": 999,
                "cfg_feature_tlsh": None,
                "wl_minhash": [0] * 128,
                "bb_features": [[10, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 2]] * 4,
                "cfg_adjacency": [0x00010000, 0x00010002],
            }],
        }

        export = extractor.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
        assert "cfg_methods" in export
        cfg_export = export["cfg_methods"]
        assert cfg_export["table"] == "code_apk_cfg_methods"
        assert len(cfg_export["data"]) == 1
        assert "cfg_topology_hash" in cfg_export["column_names"]
        assert "prime_product_smali" in cfg_export["column_names"]
        assert "wl_minhash" in cfg_export["column_names"]
        assert "bb_features" in cfg_export["column_names"]
        assert "cfg_adjacency" in cfg_export["column_names"]
        # Verify column count matches data width
        assert len(cfg_export["column_names"]) == len(cfg_export["data"][0])
        assert len(cfg_export["column_type_names"]) == len(cfg_export["data"][0])