Madan Kumar Lakshmanan

22 papers B 9Journal 7Unranked 6
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2021 J jnl
CoRR
Venkatakrishnan Sutharsan, Alagappan Swaminathan, Saisrinivasan Ramachandran, Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Balaji Mahadevan
2013 J jnl
CoRR
Dyonisius Dony Ariananda, Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Homayoun Nikookar
2011 conf
VTC Spring
Dyonisius Dony Ariananda, Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Homayoun Nikookar
2011 J jnl
Wirel. Pers. Commun.
Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Dzemal Karamehmedovic, Homayoun Nikookar
2011 B conf
PIMRC
A. Bajpai, Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Homayoun Nikookar
2011 conf
VTC Spring
Hao Lu, Tao Xu, Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Homayoun Nikookar
2010 conf
ICC
Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Homayoun Nikookar, Dzemal Karamehmedovic, Dyonisius Dony Ariananda
2010 J jnl
Wirel. Pers. Commun.
Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Homayoun Nikookar
2010 B conf
PIMRC
Berna Torun, Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Homayoun Nikookar
2009 conf
CrownCom
Dyonisius Dony Ariananda, Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Homayoun Nikookar
2009 B conf
PIMRC
Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Dyonisius Dony Ariananda, Homayoun Nikookar
2009 B conf
PIMRC
Dyonisius Dony Ariananda, Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Homayoun Nikookar
2009 B conf
GLOBECOM
Dzemal Karamehmedovic, Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Homayoun Nikookar
2009 J jnl
J. Commun.
Dzemal Karamehmedovic, Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Homayoun Nikookar
2009 conf
VTC Fall
Homayoun Nikookar, Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Ibrahim Budiarjo
2009 conf
CrownCom
Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Ibrahim Budiarjo, Homayoun Nikookar
2008 J jnl
Wirel. Pers. Commun.
Ibrahim Budiarjo, Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Homayoun Nikookar
2008 B conf
PIMRC
Homayoun Nikookar, Madan Kumar Lakshmanan
2008 B conf
WCNC
Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Ibrahim Budiarjo, Homayoun Nikookar
2007 B conf
GLOBECOM
Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Ibrahim Budiarjo, Homayoun Nikookar
2007 B conf
PIMRC
Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Homayoun Nikookar
2006 J jnl
Wirel. Pers. Commun.
Madan Kumar Lakshmanan, Homayoun Nikookar
redb/extractors/macho_extractors/macho_similarity_hashes.py
← Index redb/extractors/macho_extractors/macho_similarity_hashes.py python
import inspect
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Any

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.macho_extractor import MachOExtractor


class MachOSimilarityHashExtractor(MachOExtractor):
    """Extract Mach-O similarity hashes using machofile API.

    Similarity hashes are MD5 fingerprints of sorted, deduplicated binary components:
    - dylib_hash: MD5 of dynamic library names
    - import_hash: MD5 of imported function names
    - export_hash: MD5 of exported symbol names
    - entitlement_hash: MD5 of entitlement names and array values
    - symhash: MD5 of external undefined symbols

    For FAT binaries:
    - Inserts one row per architecture slice with per-slice hashes
    - Inserts one row for the FAT container with combined hashes

    For single-arch binaries:
    - Inserts one row with that architecture's hashes

    Note: parent_sha256 and architecture relationships are tracked in redb_basic_properties,
    not duplicated here. Use JOIN with redb_basic_properties when needed.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        filepath,
        log,
        exporters=None,
        index_prefix=None,
        elastic_index=None,
        known_benign=False,
        known_malicious=False,
        macho=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath,
            log,
            exporters,
            index_prefix,
            elastic_index,
            known_benign,
            known_malicious,
            macho,
        )
        self.elastic_index = self.index_prefix + "-macho_hashes"
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

    def tag(self):
        return Tag.MACHO_HASHES.value

    def _extract_similarity_hashes(self, arch_name=None):
        """Extract similarity hashes for a specific architecture."""
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

        if not self.macho:
            return None

        try:
            similarity_hashes = self.macho.get_similarity_hashes(arch=arch_name)
            return similarity_hashes if similarity_hashes else None
        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting similarity hashes for arch {arch_name}: {e}")
            return None

    def extract(self):
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)
        try:
            if not self.macho:
                return None

            architectures = self.macho.get_architectures()
            if not architectures:
                return None

            if len(architectures) > 1:
                # FAT binary - return combined hashes + per-arch hashes
                results = []

                # First add combined hashes for the FAT container
                all_hashes = self.macho.get_similarity_hashes()
                combined_hashes = all_hashes.get('combined', {}) if all_hashes else {}
                if combined_hashes:
                    combined_hashes['arch_identifier'] = 'fat'
                    results.append(combined_hashes)

                # Then add per-arch hashes
                for arch_name in architectures:
                    hashes = self._extract_similarity_hashes(arch_name)
                    if hashes:
                        hashes['arch_identifier'] = arch_name
                        results.append(hashes)
                return results
            else:
                # Single architecture - return single result
                return self._extract_similarity_hashes(architectures[0])
        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting similarity hashes: {e}")
            return None

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        if exporter_type == "ElasticsearchExporter":
            return self.extract()
        elif exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            if not self.macho:
                return None

            try:
                architectures = self.macho.get_architectures()
                is_fat = len(architectures) > 1
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.error(f"Could not get architectures: {e}")
                return None

            data = []
            current_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)

            # For FAT binaries, first insert a row for the container with combined hashes
            if is_fat:
                all_hashes = self.macho.get_similarity_hashes()  # Without arch returns all including 'combined'
                combined_hashes = all_hashes.get('combined', {}) if all_hashes else {}
                if combined_hashes:
                    data.append([
                        self.sha256,                                    # sha256 (FAT container)
                        combined_hashes.get('dylib_hash'),              # dylib_hash
                        combined_hashes.get('import_hash'),             # import_hash
                        combined_hashes.get('export_hash'),             # export_hash
                        combined_hashes.get('entitlement_hash'),        # entitlement_hash
                        combined_hashes.get('symhash'),                 # symhash
                        current_time,                                   # analysis_date
                    ])

            # Insert rows for each architecture slice
            for arch_name in architectures:
                # Get architecture-specific sha256
                try:
                    arch_general_info = self.macho.get_general_info(arch=arch_name)
                    arch_sha256 = arch_general_info.get('SHA256', self.sha256)
                except Exception as e:
                    self.log.warning(f"Could not get arch-specific sha256 for {arch_name}: {e}")
                    arch_sha256 = self.sha256

                # Get similarity hashes for this architecture
                similarity_hashes = self._extract_similarity_hashes(arch_name)
                if not similarity_hashes:
                    continue

                data.append([
                    arch_sha256,                                    # sha256 (arch-specific)
                    similarity_hashes.get('dylib_hash'),            # dylib_hash
                    similarity_hashes.get('import_hash'),           # import_hash
                    similarity_hashes.get('export_hash'),           # export_hash
                    similarity_hashes.get('entitlement_hash'),      # entitlement_hash
                    similarity_hashes.get('symhash'),               # symhash
                    current_time,                                   # analysis_date
                ])

            if not data:
                return None

            column_names = [
                'sha256',
                'macho_dylib_hash', 'macho_import_hash', 'macho_export_hash',
                'macho_entitlement_hash', 'macho_symhash',
                'analysis_date'
            ]

            column_type_names = [
                'FixedString(64)',
                'Nullable(FixedString(32))', 'Nullable(FixedString(32))', 'Nullable(FixedString(32))',
                'Nullable(FixedString(32))', 'Nullable(FixedString(32))',
                'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')'
            ]

            return (data, column_names, column_type_names)

        return None

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        return "redb_hashes"