M. Prabu

14 papers Journal 11Unranked 3
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2025 J jnl
Int. J. Commun. Syst.
S. R. Menaka, M. Prabu
2025 J jnl
Int. J. Syst. Assur. Eng. Manag.
M. Prabu, L. Sasikala, S. Suresh, R. Ramya
2024 J jnl
EURASIP J. Inf. Secur.
Mathappan Nivaashini, Suganya Elavarasan, Sountharrajan Sehar, M. Prabu, Durga Prasad Bavirisetti
2024 J jnl
Frontiers Artif. Intell.
T. Nitya Harshitha, M. Prabu, E. Suganya, S. Sountharrajan, Durga Prasad Bavirisetti, Navya Gadde, Lakshmi Sahithi Uppu
2023 J jnl
Pattern Anal. Appl.
M. Prabu, Balika J. Chelliah
2022 J jnl
Int. J. Syst. Assur. Eng. Manag.
Shakila Basheer, Magesh Gopu, Rincy Merlin Mathew, Maryam Aysha Bivi, M. Prabu
2022 J jnl
Neural Comput. Appl.
M. Prabu, Balika J. Chelliah
2022 J jnl
Comput. Syst. Sci. Eng.
A. Sathishkumar, T. Rammohan, S. Sathish Kumar, J. Uma, K. Srujan Raju, Aarti Sangwan, M. Sivachitra, M. Prabu
2020 J jnl
Soft Comput.
M. Prabu, Shanker Nagalingam Rajendiran, A. Celine Kavida, Elanchezhian Ganesh
2017 J jnl
Discret. Math.
Susana-Clara López, Francesc A. Muntaner-Batle, M. Prabu
2013 J jnl
Int. J. Online Eng.
N. Suresh Kumar, S. Margret Anouncia, M. Prabu
2010 conf
ICWET
M. Prabu, R. Shanmugalakshmi
2010 conf
ICWET
M. Prabu, R. Shanmugalakshmi
2010 conf
ICWET
M. Prabu, R. Shanmugalakshmi
redb/extractors/apk_extractors/apk_features.py
← Index redb/extractors/apk_extractors/apk_features.py python
import inspect
import zipfile
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Any

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.apk_extractor import APKExtractor
from redb.models.dataclasses import APKFeatures


class APKFeaturesExtractor(APKExtractor):

    def __init__(
        self, filepath, log, exporters=None, index_prefix=None,
        known_benign=False, known_malicious=False,
        apk=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath, log, exporters, index_prefix,
            known_benign, known_malicious, apk,
        )
        self.apk_features = None
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

    def tag(self):
        return Tag.APK_FEATURES.value

    def _extract_zip_timestamps(self):
        """Extract earliest and latest content modification from ZIP entries."""
        earliest = None
        latest = None
        try:
            zf = self._get_zip_file()
            if zf:
                with zf:
                    for info in zf.infolist():
                        try:
                            dt = datetime(*info.date_time)
                            if earliest is None or dt < earliest:
                                earliest = dt
                            if latest is None or dt > latest:
                                latest = dt
                        except (ValueError, TypeError):
                            continue
        except Exception as e:
            self.log.warning(f"Error extracting ZIP timestamps: {e}")
        return (
            earliest.isoformat() if earliest else None,
            latest.isoformat() if latest else None,
        )

    def _extract_supported_abis(self):
        """Determine supported ABIs from lib/ directory."""
        abis = set()
        for f in self._list_files():
            if f.startswith("lib/") and f.endswith(".so"):
                parts = f.split("/")
                if len(parts) >= 3:
                    abis.add(parts[1])
        return sorted(abis)

    def _count_dex_files(self):
        """Count DEX files and compute total size."""
        dex_count = 0
        total_size = 0
        try:
            zf = self._get_zip_file()
            if zf:
                with zf:
                    for info in zf.infolist():
                        if info.filename.endswith(".dex"):
                            dex_count += 1
                            total_size += info.file_size
        except Exception as e:
            self.log.warning(f"Error counting DEX files: {e}")
        return dex_count, total_size

    def _check_embedded_apk(self):
        """Check if the archive contains nested APK files."""
        for f in self._list_files():
            if f.lower().endswith(".apk"):
                return True
        return False

    def _safe_extract(self, field_name, func, default=None):
        """Extract a single field, logging and returning default on failure."""
        try:
            return func()
        except Exception as e:
            self.log.warning(
                f"Error extracting APK field '{field_name}' for "
                f"{self.hash.sha256}: {e}"
            )
            return default

    def extract(self):
        if not self._is_valid_apk():
            self.log.error(f"Invalid APK for {self.hash.sha256}")
            return None

        package_name = self._safe_extract(
            "package_name", lambda: self.apk.get_package()
        )
        app_name = self._safe_extract(
            "app_name", lambda: self.apk.get_app_name()
        )

        def _get_version_code():
            try:
                return int(self.apk.get_androidversion_code() or 0)
            except (ValueError, TypeError):
                return 0

        version_code = self._safe_extract("version_code", _get_version_code)
        version_name = self._safe_extract(
            "version_name", lambda: self.apk.get_androidversion_name()
        )

        def _get_sdk(getter):
            val = getter()
            return int(val) if val else None

        min_sdk = self._safe_extract(
            "min_sdk_version", lambda: _get_sdk(self.apk.get_min_sdk_version)
        )
        target_sdk = self._safe_extract(
            "target_sdk_version", lambda: _get_sdk(self.apk.get_target_sdk_version)
        )
        compile_sdk = self._safe_extract(
            "compile_sdk_version",
            lambda: _get_sdk(self.apk.get_effective_target_sdk_version),
        )

        main_activity = self._safe_extract(
            "main_activity", lambda: self.apk.get_main_activity()
        )

        is_debuggable = self._safe_extract(
            "is_debuggable",
            lambda: self.apk.get_attribute_value(
                "application", "debuggable"
            ) == "true",
            False,
        )
        allow_backup = self._safe_extract(
            "allow_backup",
            lambda: self.apk.get_attribute_value(
                "application", "allowBackup"
            ) != "false",
            True,
        )
        uses_cleartext = self._safe_extract(
            "uses_cleartext_traffic",
            lambda: self.apk.get_attribute_value(
                "application", "usesCleartextTraffic"
            ) == "true",
            False,
        )

        supported_abis = self._safe_extract(
            "supported_abis", self._extract_supported_abis, []
        )
        dex_count, total_dex_size = self._safe_extract(
            "dex_files", self._count_dex_files, (0, 0)
        )
        all_files = self._safe_extract("file_list", self._list_files, [])
        total_file_count = len(all_files)
        has_native_code = any(
            f.startswith("lib/") and f.endswith(".so") for f in all_files
        )
        has_assets = any(f.startswith("assets/") for f in all_files)
        contains_embedded_apk = self._safe_extract(
            "contains_embedded_apk", self._check_embedded_apk, False
        )

        uses_libraries = self._safe_extract(
            "uses_libraries",
            lambda: list(self.apk.get_libraries() or []),
            [],
        )

        earliest_mod, latest_mod = self._safe_extract(
            "zip_timestamps", self._extract_zip_timestamps, (None, None)
        )

        self.apk_features = APKFeatures(
            package_name=package_name,
            app_name=app_name,
            version_code=version_code,
            version_name=version_name,
            min_sdk_version=min_sdk,
            target_sdk_version=target_sdk,
            compile_sdk_version=compile_sdk,
            main_activity=main_activity,
            is_debuggable=is_debuggable,
            allow_backup=allow_backup,
            uses_cleartext_traffic=uses_cleartext,
            supported_abis=supported_abis,
            dex_count=dex_count,
            total_dex_size=total_dex_size,
            total_file_count=total_file_count,
            has_native_code=has_native_code,
            has_assets=has_assets,
            uses_libraries=uses_libraries,
            earliest_content_modification=earliest_mod,
            latest_content_modification=latest_mod,
            contains_embedded_apk=contains_embedded_apk,
        )
        return self.apk_features

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        if exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            if not self.apk_features:
                return None

            f = self.apk_features
            current_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
            data = [[
                self.sha256,
                f.package_name,
                f.app_name,
                f.version_code,
                f.version_name,
                f.min_sdk_version,
                f.target_sdk_version,
                f.compile_sdk_version,
                f.main_activity,
                int(f.is_debuggable),
                int(f.allow_backup),
                int(f.uses_cleartext_traffic),
                f.supported_abis,
                f.dex_count,
                f.total_dex_size,
                f.total_file_count,
                int(f.has_native_code),
                int(f.has_assets),
                f.uses_libraries,
                f.earliest_content_modification,
                f.latest_content_modification,
                int(f.contains_embedded_apk),
                current_time,
            ]]

            column_names = [
                "sha256",
                "package_name", "app_name", "version_code", "version_name",
                "min_sdk_version", "target_sdk_version", "compile_sdk_version",
                "main_activity",
                "is_debuggable", "allow_backup", "uses_cleartext_traffic",
                "supported_abis",
                "dex_count", "total_dex_size", "total_file_count",
                "has_native_code", "has_assets",
                "uses_libraries",
                "earliest_content_modification", "latest_content_modification",
                "contains_embedded_apk",
                "analysis_date",
            ]

            column_type_names = [
                "FixedString(64)",
                "Nullable(String)", "Nullable(String)", "Nullable(UInt32)", "Nullable(String)",
                "Nullable(UInt16)", "Nullable(UInt16)", "Nullable(UInt16)",
                "Nullable(String)",
                "UInt8", "UInt8", "UInt8",
                "Array(String)",
                "UInt16", "UInt64", "UInt32",
                "UInt8", "UInt8",
                "Array(String)",
                "Nullable(String)", "Nullable(String)",
                "UInt8",
                "DateTime64(3, 'UTC')",
            ]

            return (data, column_names, column_type_names)

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        return "redb_apk_features"