Karli Gillette

36 papers Journal 20Unranked 16
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2026 J jnl
Medical Image Anal.
Elena Zappon, Luca Azzolin, Matthias A. F. Gsell, Franz Thaler, Anton J. Prassl, Robert Arnold, Karli Gillette, Mohammadreza Kariman, Martin Manninger, Daniel Scherr, Aurel Neic, Martin Urschler, Christoph M. Augustin, Edward J. Vigmond, Gernot Plank
2025 J jnl
Medical Image Anal.
Thomas Grandits, Karli Gillette, Gernot Plank, Simone Pezzuto
2025 J jnl
CoRR
Elena Zappon, Luca Azzolin, Matthias A. F. Gsell, Franz Thaler, Anton J. Prassl, Robert Arnold, Karli Gillette, Mohammadreza Kariman, Martin Manninger, Daniel Scherr, Aurel Neic, Martin Urschler, Christoph M. Augustin, Edward J. Vigmond, Gernot Plank
2025 J jnl
CoRR
Alice Ragonesi, Stefania Fresca, Karli Gillette, Stefan Kurath-Koller, Gernot Plank, Elena Zappon
2025 J jnl
Comput. Biol. Medicine
Elena Zappon, Matthias A. F. Gsell, Karli Gillette, Gernot Plank
2025 J jnl
Comput. Biol. Medicine
Lindsay C. Rupp, Anna Busatto, Thomas Grandits, Jake A. Bergquist, Brian Zenger, Simone Pezzuto, Gernot Plank, Robert S. MacLeod, Karli Gillette
2024 J jnl
Comput. Biol. Medicine
Casey Meisenzahl, Karli Gillette, Anton J. Prassl, Gernot Plank, John L. Sapp, Linwei Wang
2024 J jnl
Comput. Methods Programs Biomed.
Matthias A. F. Gsell, Aurel Neic, Martin J. Bishop, Karli Gillette, Anton J. Prassl, Christoph M. Augustin, Edward J. Vigmond, Gernot Plank
2024 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging
Xiajun Jiang, Ryan Missel, Maryam Toloubidokhti, Karli Gillette, Anton J. Prassl, Gernot Plank, B. Milan Horácek, John L. Sapp, Linwei Wang
2024 J jnl
CoRR
Elena Zappon, Matthias A. F. Gsell, Karli Gillette, Gernot Plank
2024 J jnl
Comput. Methods Programs Biomed.
Robert Arnold, Anton J. Prassl, Aurel Neic, Franz Thaler, Christoph M. Augustin, Matthias A. F. Gsell, Karli Gillette, Martin Manninger, Daniel Scherr, Gernot Plank
2023 conf
CinC
Anna Busatto, Lindsay C. Rupp, Karli Gillette, Akil Narayan, Gernot Plank, Rob S. MacLeod
2023 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.
Claudia Nagel, Cristian Barrios Espinosa, Karli Gillette, Matthias A. F. Gsell, Jorge Sánchez, Gernot Plank, Olaf Dössel, Axel Loewe
2023 conf
CinC
Pradeep Bajracharya, Anton J. Prassl, Karli Gillette, Gernot Plank, Linwei Wang
2023 conf
CinC
Lindsay C. Rupp, Anna Busatto, Jake A. Bergquist, Karli Gillette, Akil Narayan, Gernot Plank, Rob S. MacLeod
2022 J jnl
PLoS Comput. Biol.
Cristóbal Rodero, Marina Strocchi, Maciej Marciniak, Stefano Longobardi, John Whitaker, Mark D. O'Neill, Karli Gillette, Christoph M. Augustin, Gernot Plank, Edward J. Vigmond, Pablo Lamata, Steven A. Niederer
2022 J jnl
Comput. Biol. Medicine
Caroline Mendonça Costa, Philip M. Gemmell, Mark K. Elliott, John Whitaker, Fernando Otaviano Campos, Marina Strocchi, Aurel Neic, Karli Gillette, Edward J. Vigmond, Gernot Plank, Reza Razavi, Mark D. O'Neill, Christopher A. Rinaldi, Martin J. Bishop
2022 conf
CinC
Karli Gillette, Matthias A. F. Gsell, Stefan Kurath-Koller, Martin Manninger, Anton J. Prassl, Daniel Scherr, Gernot Plank
2022 J jnl
CoRR
Karli Gillette, Matthias A. F. Gsell, Claudia Nagel, Jule Bender, Benjamin Winkler, Steven E. Williams, Markus Bär, Tobias Schäffter, Olaf Dössel, Gernot Plank, Axel Loewe
2022 conf
CinC
Jenny Venton, Karli Gillette, Matthias A. F. Gsell, Axel Loewe, Claudia Nagel, Benjamin Winkler, Louise Wright
2021 J jnl
Medical Image Anal.
Karli Gillette, Matthias A. F. Gsell, Anton J. Prassl, Elias Karabelas, Ursula Reiter, Gert Reiter, Thomas Grandits, Christian Payer, Darko Stern, Martin Urschler, Jason D. Bayer, Christoph M. Augustin, Aurel Neic, Thomas Pock, Edward J. Vigmond, Gernot Plank
2021 conf
CinC
Karli Gillette, Matthias A. F. Gsell, Anton J. Prassl, Gernot Plank
2021 J jnl
PLoS Comput. Biol.
Cristóbal Rodero, Marina Strocchi, Maciej Marciniak, Stefano Longobardi, John Whitaker, Mark D. O'Neill, Karli Gillette, Christoph M. Augustin, Gernot Plank, Edward J. Vigmond, Pablo Lamata, Steven A. Niederer
2021 conf
FIMH
Marina Strocchi, Christoph M. Augustin, Matthias A. F. Gsell, Elias Karabelas, Aurel Neic, Karli Gillette, Caroline H. Roney, Orod Razeghi, Jonathan M. Behar, Christopher A. Rinaldi, Edward J. Vigmond, Martin J. Bishop, Gernot Plank, Steven A. Niederer
2021 conf
CinC
Lindsay C. Rupp, Jake A. Bergquist, Brian Zenger, Karli Gillette, Akil Narayan, Jess D. Tate, Gernot Plank, Rob S. MacLeod
2020 J jnl
Comput. Biol. Medicine
Philip M. Gemmell, Karli Gillette, Gabriel Balaban, Ronak Rajani, Edward J. Vigmond, Gernot Plank, Martin J. Bishop
2020 J jnl
J. Comput. Phys.
Thomas Grandits, Karli Gillette, Aurel Neic, Jason D. Bayer, Edward J. Vigmond, Thomas Pock, Gernot Plank
2020 conf
CinC
Lindsay C. Rupp, Wilson W. Good, Jake A. Bergquist, Brian Zenger, Karli Gillette, Gernot Plank, Rob S. MacLeod
2020 conf
CinC
Marina Strocchi, Aurel Neic, Matthias A. F. Gsell, Christoph M. Augustin, Julien Bouyssier, Karli Gillette, Mark K. Elliott, Justin S. Gould, Jonathan M. Behar, Baldeep Sidhu, Martin J. Bishop, Edward J. Vigmond, Gernot Plank, Christopher A. Rinaldi, Steven A. Niederer
2020 J jnl
Comput. Biol. Medicine
Sofia Monaci, Marina Strocchi, Cristóbal Rodero, Karli Gillette, John Whitaker, Ronak Rajani, Christopher A. Rinaldi, Mark D. O'Neill, Gernot Plank, Andrew P. King, Martin J. Bishop
2020 conf
CinC
Wilson W. Good, Brian Zenger, Jake A. Berzuuist, Lindsay C. Rupp, Karli Gillette, Gernot Plank, Rob S. MacLeod
2018 conf
CinC
Karli Gillette, Anton J. Prassl, Jason D. Bayer, Edward J. Vigmond, Aurel Neic, Gernot Plank
2017 conf
CinC
Jess D. Tate, Karli Gillette, Brett M. Burton, Wilson Good, Jaume Coll-Font, Dana H. Brooks, Rob S. MacLeod
2017 conf
CinC
Karli Gillette, Anton J. Prassl, Jason D. Bayer, Edward J. Vigmond, Aurel Neic, Gernot Plank
2016 conf
CinC
Karli Gillette, Jess D. Tate, Brianna Kindall, Wilson Good, Jeff Wilkinson, Narendra Simha, Rob S. MacLeod
2015 conf
CinC
Karli Gillette, Jess D. Tate, Brianna Kindall, Peter M. van Dam, Eugene G. Kholmovski, Rob S. MacLeod
tests/unit/test_apk_strings_ioc.py
← Index tests/unit/test_apk_strings_ioc.py python
"""Tests for APK string extraction and IOC extraction integration.

Covers:
- APKCodeAnalyzer._extract_strings() — string extraction from DEX objects
- APKCodeAnalyzer._string_entropy() — Shannon entropy computation
- DecompileAPK strings export table schema
- IOCExtractorFromResults with APK-format analysis_results
- Worker IOC wiring for APK
"""
import os
import tempfile
from dataclasses import asdict
from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch

import pytest

from redb.extractors.ioc_extractor.ioc_extractor import IOCExtractorFromResults
from redb.extractors.ioc_extractor.standalone_ioc_extractor import (
    IOCType,
    SourceType,
)

pytestmark = [pytest.mark.unit, pytest.mark.apk]


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Helpers
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

def _make_analyzer(min_instructions=1):
    """Create an APKCodeAnalyzer with mocked dependencies."""
    with patch(
        "redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer.JADXDecompiler"
    ), patch(
        "redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer.ApktoolDisassembler"
    ):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import APKCodeAnalyzer
        analyzer = APKCodeAnalyzer("/fake/path.apk")
        analyzer.min_instructions = min_instructions
        return analyzer


def _make_mock_dex(strings):
    """Create a mock DEX object that returns the given strings."""
    dex = MagicMock()
    dex.get_strings.return_value = strings
    return dex


def _create_fake_apk_file():
    """Create a temporary file to act as a fake APK."""
    fd, path = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix=".apk")
    os.write(fd, b"PK\x03\x04fake apk content for hashing")
    os.close(fd)
    return path


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tests: _string_entropy
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class TestStringEntropy:
    """Tests for Shannon entropy computation."""

    def test_empty_string(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        assert analyzer._string_entropy("") == 0.0

    def test_single_char(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        assert analyzer._string_entropy("a") == 0.0

    def test_repeated_char(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        assert analyzer._string_entropy("aaaa") == 0.0

    def test_two_equal_chars(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        # "ab" -> entropy = 1.0
        assert abs(analyzer._string_entropy("ab") - 1.0) < 0.01

    def test_higher_entropy(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        # More variety = higher entropy
        low = analyzer._string_entropy("aabb")
        high = analyzer._string_entropy("abcd")
        assert high > low

    def test_url_string_entropy(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        entropy = analyzer._string_entropy("https://evil.com/payload")
        assert entropy > 2.0  # URLs have moderate entropy


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tests: _extract_strings
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class TestExtractStrings:
    """Tests for DEX string extraction."""

    def test_basic_extraction(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        dex = _make_mock_dex(["hello", "world"])
        result = analyzer._extract_strings([dex])

        assert len(result) == 2
        assert result[0]["string"] == "hello"
        assert result[1]["string"] == "world"

    def test_string_fields_present(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        dex = _make_mock_dex(["test_string"])
        result = analyzer._extract_strings([dex])

        entry = result[0]
        assert "string" in entry
        assert "string_encoding" in entry
        assert "string_offset" in entry
        assert "string_length" in entry
        assert "string_entropy" in entry
        assert entry["string_encoding"] == "UTF8"
        assert entry["string_length"] == len("test_string")

    def test_deduplication_across_dex(self):
        """Same string in multiple DEX files is only extracted once."""
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        dex1 = _make_mock_dex(["shared", "unique1"])
        dex2 = _make_mock_dex(["shared", "unique2"])
        result = analyzer._extract_strings([dex1, dex2])

        string_values = [s["string"] for s in result]
        assert string_values.count("shared") == 1
        assert "unique1" in string_values
        assert "unique2" in string_values
        assert len(result) == 3

    def test_empty_strings_filtered(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        dex = _make_mock_dex(["", "valid", None, "also_valid"])
        result = analyzer._extract_strings([dex])

        string_values = [s["string"] for s in result]
        assert "" not in string_values
        assert None not in string_values
        assert "valid" in string_values
        assert "also_valid" in string_values

    def test_no_dex_files(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        result = analyzer._extract_strings([])
        assert result == []

    def test_dex_get_strings_returns_none(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        dex = MagicMock()
        dex.get_strings.return_value = None
        result = analyzer._extract_strings([dex])
        assert result == []

    def test_dex_get_strings_exception(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        dex = MagicMock()
        dex.get_strings.side_effect = RuntimeError("corrupt DEX")
        result = analyzer._extract_strings([dex])
        assert result == []

    def test_entropy_computed(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        dex = _make_mock_dex(["abcdefgh"])
        result = analyzer._extract_strings([dex])
        assert result[0]["string_entropy"] > 0.0

    def test_incremental_offsets(self):
        """String offsets are incremented sequentially."""
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        dex = _make_mock_dex(["a", "b", "c"])
        result = analyzer._extract_strings([dex])

        offsets = [s["string_offset"] for s in result]
        assert offsets == [0, 1, 2]

    def test_url_strings_preserved(self):
        """URL strings are extracted without modification."""
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        dex = _make_mock_dex([
            "https://evil.com/payload",
            "http://c2.malware.org/gate",
        ])
        result = analyzer._extract_strings([dex])
        strings = [s["string"] for s in result]
        assert "https://evil.com/payload" in strings
        assert "http://c2.malware.org/gate" in strings


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tests: strings in extract() integration
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class TestExtractStringsIntegration:
    """Tests that strings are included in extract() results."""

    @patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer.APKCodeAnalyzer._run_androguard")
    @patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer.ApktoolDisassembler")
    @patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer.JADXDecompiler")
    def test_extract_includes_strings(self, mock_jadx, mock_apktool, mock_androguard):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import APKCodeAnalyzer

        mock_dex = _make_mock_dex(["hello", "world"])
        mock_analysis = MagicMock()
        mock_analysis.get_methods.return_value = []
        mock_androguard.return_value = (MagicMock(), [mock_dex], mock_analysis)

        analyzer = APKCodeAnalyzer("/fake/path.apk", log=MagicMock())
        results = analyzer.extract()

        assert "strings" in results
        assert len(results["strings"]) == 2
        assert results["strings"][0]["string"] == "hello"
        analyzer.cleanup()

    @patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer.APKCodeAnalyzer._run_androguard")
    @patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer.ApktoolDisassembler")
    @patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer.JADXDecompiler")
    def test_extract_strings_error_is_non_fatal(self, mock_jadx, mock_apktool, mock_androguard):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import APKCodeAnalyzer

        # Return a bad dex list that will cause _extract_strings to fail
        mock_analysis = MagicMock()
        mock_analysis.get_methods.return_value = []
        # dexs is not iterable — triggers the except block
        mock_androguard.return_value = (MagicMock(), 42, mock_analysis)

        analyzer = APKCodeAnalyzer("/fake/path.apk", log=MagicMock())
        results = analyzer.extract()

        # Should not crash, strings should be empty, error recorded
        assert results["strings"] == []
        assert any(
            e.get("error_location") == "strings"
            for e in results["analysis_errors"]
        )
        analyzer.cleanup()


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tests: DecompileAPK strings export table
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class TestDecompileAPKStringsExport:
    """Tests for strings table in DecompileAPK.prepare_export_data()."""

    def _make_extractor_with_strings(self, strings_data):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileAPK import DecompileAPK
        apk_path = _create_fake_apk_file()
        ext = DecompileAPK(apk_path, MagicMock())
        ext.analysis_results = {
            "sha256": "a" * 64,
            "sha1": "b" * 40,
            "md5": "c" * 32,
            "decompiled_content": [],
            "decompiled_refs": [],
            "smali_content": [],
            "smali_refs": [],
            "similarity_metrics": [],
            "strings": strings_data,
            "analysis_errors": [],
        }
        return ext, apk_path

    def test_strings_table_present(self):
        ext, path = self._make_extractor_with_strings([
            {"string": "hello", "string_encoding": "UTF8",
             "string_offset": 0, "string_length": 5, "string_entropy": 2.32}
        ])
        try:
            export = ext.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
            assert "strings_raw" in export
        finally:
            os.unlink(path)

    def test_strings_table_schema(self):
        ext, path = self._make_extractor_with_strings([
            {"string": "hello", "string_encoding": "UTF8",
             "string_offset": 0, "string_length": 5, "string_entropy": 2.32}
        ])
        try:
            export = ext.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
            sr = export["strings_raw"]
            assert sr["table"] == "code_binja_strings_raw"
            assert len(sr["column_names"]) == 8
            assert len(sr["column_type_names"]) == 8
            assert "sha256" in sr["column_names"]
            assert "string" in sr["column_names"]
            assert "string_raw" in sr["column_names"]
            assert "string_encoding" in sr["column_names"]
            assert "string_offset" in sr["column_names"]
            assert "string_length" in sr["column_names"]
            assert "string_raw_length" in sr["column_names"]
            assert "string_entropy" in sr["column_names"]
            assert len(sr["data"]) == 1
            assert len(sr["data"][0]) == 8
        finally:
            os.unlink(path)

    def test_strings_sha256_propagated(self):
        ext, path = self._make_extractor_with_strings([
            {"string": "test", "string_encoding": "UTF8",
             "string_offset": 0, "string_length": 4, "string_entropy": 2.0}
        ])
        try:
            export = ext.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
            row = export["strings_raw"]["data"][0]
            assert row[0] == "a" * 64  # sha256 is first column
        finally:
            os.unlink(path)

    def test_empty_strings_not_exported(self):
        ext, path = self._make_extractor_with_strings([])
        try:
            export = ext.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
            assert "strings_raw" not in export
        finally:
            os.unlink(path)


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tests: IOCExtractorFromResults with APK format
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class TestIOCExtractorAPKFormat:
    """Tests that IOCExtractorFromResults handles APK analysis_results."""

    def setup_method(self):
        self.log = MagicMock()

    def test_extract_iocs_from_apk_strings(self):
        """IOCs extracted from APK strings (same format as Binja)."""
        results = {
            "strings": [
                {"string": "https://evil.com/payload", "string_offset": 0},
                {"string": "Contact [email protected]", "string_offset": 1},
            ],
            "decompiled": [],
            "decompiled_content": [],
        }
        extractor = IOCExtractorFromResults(results, sha256="a" * 64, log=self.log)
        iocs = extractor.extract()

        url_iocs = [i for i in iocs if i.ioc_type == IOCType.URL]
        assert len(url_iocs) >= 1
        assert any("evil.com" in i.ioc_value for i in url_iocs)

    def test_extract_iocs_from_apk_decompiled_content(self):
        """IOCs extracted from APK's decompiled_content key."""
        results = {
            "strings": [],
            "decompiled": [],  # Binja format — empty
            "decompiled_content": [  # APK format
                {
                    "decompiled_method": "connect('https://c2.malware.org/gate');",
                    "decompiled_method_hash": "hash123",
                    "method_type": "USER",
                }
            ],
        }
        extractor = IOCExtractorFromResults(results, sha256="a" * 64, log=self.log)
        iocs = extractor.extract()

        url_iocs = [i for i in iocs if i.ioc_type == IOCType.URL]
        assert len(url_iocs) >= 1

    def test_apk_library_methods_skipped(self):
        """LIBRARY methods in decompiled_content are skipped."""
        results = {
            "strings": [],
            "decompiled": [],
            "decompiled_content": [
                {
                    "decompiled_method": "https://should-skip.com",
                    "decompiled_method_hash": "lib_hash",
                    "method_type": "LIBRARY",
                }
            ],
        }
        extractor = IOCExtractorFromResults(results, sha256="a" * 64, log=self.log)
        iocs = extractor.extract()
        assert len(iocs) == 0

    def test_combined_binja_and_apk_sources(self):
        """Both Binja and APK format decompiled entries are processed."""
        results = {
            "strings": [],
            "decompiled": [
                {
                    "decompiled_function": "call('https://binja.example.com');",
                    "decompiled_function_hash": "binja_hash",
                    "function_type": "USER",
                }
            ],
            "decompiled_content": [
                {
                    "decompiled_method": "send('https://apk.example.com');",
                    "decompiled_method_hash": "apk_hash",
                    "method_type": "USER",
                }
            ],
        }
        extractor = IOCExtractorFromResults(results, sha256="a" * 64, log=self.log)
        iocs = extractor.extract()

        url_iocs = [i for i in iocs if i.ioc_type == IOCType.URL]
        urls = [i.ioc_value for i in url_iocs]
        assert any("binja.example.com" in u for u in urls)
        assert any("apk.example.com" in u for u in urls)

    def test_apk_results_only(self):
        """Works when only APK keys are present (no 'decompiled' key)."""
        results = {
            "strings": [
                {"string": "https://evil.com", "string_offset": 0},
            ],
            "decompiled_content": [
                {
                    "decompiled_method": "x = 1",
                    "decompiled_method_hash": "h",
                    "method_type": "USER",
                }
            ],
        }
        extractor = IOCExtractorFromResults(results, sha256="a" * 64, log=self.log)
        iocs = extractor.extract()
        # Should not crash, and should find URL from strings
        url_iocs = [i for i in iocs if i.ioc_type == IOCType.URL]
        assert len(url_iocs) >= 1

    def test_source_type_is_string_for_strings(self):
        results = {
            "strings": [
                {"string": "https://evil.com/test", "string_offset": 42},
            ],
            "decompiled_content": [],
        }
        extractor = IOCExtractorFromResults(results, sha256="a" * 64, log=self.log)
        iocs = extractor.extract()
        url_iocs = [i for i in iocs if i.ioc_type == IOCType.URL]
        assert url_iocs[0].source_type == SourceType.STRING
        assert url_iocs[0].source_identifier == "42"

    def test_source_type_is_decompiled_for_methods(self):
        results = {
            "strings": [],
            "decompiled_content": [
                {
                    "decompiled_method": "https://evil.com/method",
                    "decompiled_method_hash": "myhash",
                    "method_type": "USER",
                }
            ],
        }
        extractor = IOCExtractorFromResults(results, sha256="a" * 64, log=self.log)
        iocs = extractor.extract()
        url_iocs = [i for i in iocs if i.ioc_type == IOCType.URL]
        assert url_iocs[0].source_type == SourceType.DECOMPILED_FUNCTION
        assert url_iocs[0].source_identifier == "myhash"


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tests: Worker IOC wiring for APK
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class TestWorkerAPKIOCWiring:
    """Tests that workers.py wires IOC extraction for APK."""

    def test_worker_source_contains_ioc_for_apk(self):
        """Verify workers.py source has IOC extraction in APK branch."""
        import inspect
        from redb import workers
        source = inspect.getsource(workers)
        # APK branch should import IOCExtractorFromResults
        assert "IOCExtractorFromResults" in source
        # Should be in the APK section (near DecompileAPK)
        apk_section = source[source.index("DecompileAPK("):]
        ioc_pos = apk_section.find("IOCExtractorFromResults")
        assert ioc_pos != -1, "IOCExtractorFromResults not found after DecompileAPK"