Karim Zkik

29 papers B 2C 4Misc 1Journal 15Unranked 7
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2025 C conf
ISCC
Hiba Akli, Igor Stéphan, Karim Zkik, Sofiane Hamrioui
2025 J jnl
Comput. Networks
Oumaima Fadi, Adil Bahaj, Karim Zkik, Abdellatif El Ghazi, Mounir Ghogho, Mohammed Boulmalf
2024 J jnl
IEEE Access
Narjisse Nejjari, Karim Zkik, Hicham Hammouchi, Mounir Ghogho, Houda Benbrahim
2024 J jnl
Decis. Support Syst.
Karim Zkik, Amine Belhadi, Sachin S. Kamble, Venkatesh Mani, Mustapha Oudani, Anass Sebbar
2024 J jnl
J. Reliab. Intell. Environ.
Youssef Baddi, Anass Sebbar, Karim Zkik, Yassin Maleh, Faysal Bensalah, Mohammed Boulmalf
2024 Misc conf
SoftCOM
Hiba Akli, Karim Zkik, Stephan Igor, Sofiane Hamrioui, Pascal Lorenz
2024 J jnl
Electron. Commer. Res.
Karim Zkik, Anass Sebbar, Oumaima Fadi, Sachin S. Kamble, Amine Belhadi
2023 C conf
CoDIT
Karim Zkik, Anass Sebbar, Oumaima Fadi, Mustapha Oudani, Amine Belhadi
2023 C conf
CoDIT
Mustapha Oudani, Anass Sebbar, Karim Zkik, Amine Belhadi
2023 conf
NETYS
Narjisse Nejjari, Karim Zkik, Houda Benbrahim, Mounir Ghogho
2023 C conf
CoDIT
Anass Sebbar, Karim Zkik
2023 J jnl
Comput. Ind. Eng.
Mustapha Oudani, Anass Sebbar, Karim Zkik, Imad El Harraki, Amine Belhadi
2022 J jnl
IEEE Access
Oumaima Fadi, Karim Zkik, Abdellatif El Ghazi, Mohammed Boulmalf
2022 J jnl
J. Netw. Comput. Appl.
Sara Lahlou, Youness Moukafih, Anass Sebbar, Karim Zkik, Mohammed Boulmalf, Mounir Ghogho
2021 conf
SNAMS
Narjisse Nejjari, Sara Lahlou, Oumaima Fadi, Karim Zkik, Mustapha Oudani, Houda Benbrahim
2021 J jnl
J. Netw. Comput. Appl.
Abdellah Houmz, Ghita Mezzour, Karim Zkik, Mounir Ghogho, Houda Benbrahim
2021 J jnl
Int. J. Prod. Res.
Syed Abdul Rehman Khan, Karim Zkik, Amine Belhadi, Sachin S. Kamble
2020 J jnl
J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput.
Anass Sebbar, Karim Zkik, Youssef Baddi, Mohammed Boulmalf, Mohamed Dâfir Ech-Cherif El Kettani
2019 B conf
WiMob
Karim Zkik, Anass Sebbar, Youssef Baddi, Amine Belhadi, Mohammed Boulmalf
2019 J jnl
J. Commun.
Karim Zkik, Said El Hajji, Ghizlane Orhanou
2019 conf
EUSPN/ICTH
Mustapha Oudani, Karim Zkik
2019 conf
UNet
Youssef Baddi, Anass Sebbar, Karim Zkik, Mohammed Boulmalf, Mohamed Dâfir Ech-Cherif El Kettani
2019 conf
EUSPN/ICTH
Anass Sebbar, Karim Zkik, Mohammed Boulmalf, Mohamed Dâfir Ech-Cherif El Kettani
2019 conf
ANT/EDI40
Karim Zkik, Anass Sebbar, Youssef Baddi, Mohammed Boulmalf
2019 J jnl
Comput. Ind. Eng.
Amine Belhadi, Karim Zkik, Anass Cherrafi, Sha'ri Mohd Yusof, Said El Fezazi
2019 B conf
IWCMC
Anass Sebbar, Karim Zkik, Youssef Baddi, Mohammed Boulmalf, Mohamed Dâfir Ech-Cherif El Kettani
2017 J jnl
J. Comput. Sci.
Karim Zkik, Maha Tebaa, Tarik Tachihante, Ghizlane Orhanou
2017 J jnl
Int. J. Cloud Appl. Comput.
Karim Zkik, Ghizlane Orhanou, Said El Hajji
2016 conf
MSPN
Karim Zkik, Tarik Tachihante, Ghizlane Orhanou, Said El Hajji
tests/unit/test_decompile_binja_extractor.py
← Index tests/unit/test_decompile_binja_extractor.py python
"""Unit tests for DecompileBinja (top-level extractor) and prepare_export_data."""
import hashlib
import json
import os
import sys
import pytest
from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch, PropertyMock
from datetime import datetime

# Install binaryninja stubs
from tests.unit.conftest_binja_stubs import install_binja_stubs
install_binja_stubs()

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag


# ============================================================================
# 7a. DecompileBinja — methods that don't require a live Binary Ninja session
# ============================================================================


class TestDecompileBinjaCalculateMD5:
    def test_calculate_md5(self):
        """calculate_md5("test") returns expected MD5."""
        with patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja.Extractor.__init__", return_value=None):
            from redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja import DecompileBinja
            obj = object.__new__(DecompileBinja)
            obj.log = MagicMock()
            result = obj.calculate_md5("test")
            expected = hashlib.md5(b"test").hexdigest()
            assert result == expected


class TestDecompileBinjaTimeouts:
    def _make_extractor(self, env_vars=None):
        """Create a DecompileBinja with mocked Extractor.__init__."""
        with patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja.Extractor.__init__", return_value=None):
            from redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja import DecompileBinja
            if env_vars:
                with patch.dict(os.environ, env_vars, clear=False):
                    obj = DecompileBinja.__new__(DecompileBinja)
                    obj.log = MagicMock()
                    obj.analysis_results = None
                    obj.binja_decompiler = None
                    obj.filetype = None
                    obj.goresym_data = None
                    obj.goresym_output_path = None
                    # Re-run timeout logic
                    try:
                        obj.BINJA_TIMEOUT = int(os.getenv("BINJA_TIMEOUT", "1200"))
                    except ValueError:
                        obj.BINJA_TIMEOUT = 1200
                    try:
                        obj.DECOMPILE_EXTRACTOR_TIMEOUT = int(
                            os.getenv("DECOMPILE_EXTRACTOR_TIMEOUT", "2580")
                        )
                    except ValueError:
                        obj.DECOMPILE_EXTRACTOR_TIMEOUT = 2580
                    return obj
            else:
                obj = DecompileBinja.__new__(DecompileBinja)
                obj.log = MagicMock()
                obj.analysis_results = None
                obj.binja_decompiler = None
                obj.filetype = None
                obj.goresym_data = None
                obj.goresym_output_path = None
                obj.BINJA_TIMEOUT = 1200
                obj.DECOMPILE_EXTRACTOR_TIMEOUT = 2580
                return obj

    def test_timeout_defaults(self):
        obj = self._make_extractor()
        assert obj.BINJA_TIMEOUT == 1200
        assert obj.DECOMPILE_EXTRACTOR_TIMEOUT == 2580

    def test_timeout_from_env(self):
        obj = self._make_extractor(env_vars={"BINJA_TIMEOUT": "600"})
        assert obj.BINJA_TIMEOUT == 600

    def test_timeout_invalid_env(self):
        obj = self._make_extractor(env_vars={"BINJA_TIMEOUT": "not_a_number"})
        assert obj.BINJA_TIMEOUT == 1200


class TestDecompileBinjaDotnet:
    def _make_extractor(self, filetype=None):
        with patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja.Extractor.__init__", return_value=None):
            from redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja import DecompileBinja
            obj = DecompileBinja.__new__(DecompileBinja)
            obj.log = MagicMock()
            obj.filetype = filetype
            obj.filepath = "/tmp/fake.bin"
            obj.binary = b"\x00" * 100
            obj.hash = MagicMock()
            obj.hash.sha256 = "a" * 64
            return obj

    def test_is_dotnet_non_pe(self):
        obj = self._make_extractor(filetype="elf")
        assert obj.is_dotnet() is False

    def test_is_dotnet_pe_without_com(self):
        """PE without .NET COM descriptor -> False."""
        obj = self._make_extractor(filetype="pebin")
        # Mock magic to not have .Net
        with patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja.magic") as mock_magic:
            mock_magic.from_buffer.return_value = "PE32 executable"
            with patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja.pefile") as mock_pefile:
                mock_pe = MagicMock()
                entry = MagicMock()
                entry.name = "IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT"
                entry.Size = 100
                mock_pe.OPTIONAL_HEADER.DATA_DIRECTORY = [entry]
                mock_pefile.PE.return_value = mock_pe
                assert obj.is_dotnet() is False

    def test_is_dotnet_pe_with_com_descriptor(self):
        """PE with COM descriptor -> True."""
        obj = self._make_extractor(filetype="pebin")
        with patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja.magic") as mock_magic:
            mock_magic.from_buffer.return_value = "PE32 executable"
            with patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja.pefile") as mock_pefile:
                mock_pe = MagicMock()
                entry = MagicMock()
                entry.name = "IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_COM_DESCRIPTOR"
                entry.Size = 72
                mock_pe.OPTIONAL_HEADER.DATA_DIRECTORY = [entry]
                mock_pefile.PE.return_value = mock_pe
                assert obj.is_dotnet() is True


class TestDecompileBinjaGolang:
    def _make_extractor(self, filetype=None):
        with patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja.Extractor.__init__", return_value=None):
            from redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja import DecompileBinja
            obj = DecompileBinja.__new__(DecompileBinja)
            obj.log = MagicMock()
            obj.filetype = filetype
            obj.filepath = "/tmp/fake.bin"
            obj.hash = MagicMock()
            obj.hash.sha256 = "a" * 64
            return obj

    def test_is_golang_non_elf_pe(self):
        obj = self._make_extractor(filetype=None)
        assert obj.is_golang() is False

    def test_is_golang_elf_with_go_sections(self):
        """ELF with .gopclntab section -> True."""
        obj = self._make_extractor(filetype="elf")
        with patch("builtins.open", MagicMock()):
            with patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja.ELFFile") as mock_elf_cls:
                mock_elf = MagicMock()
                sec1 = MagicMock()
                sec1.name = ".text"
                sec1.__getitem__ = lambda self, k: 0x2 if k == "sh_flags" else 0
                sec1.data.return_value = b""
                sec2 = MagicMock()
                sec2.name = ".gopclntab"
                sec2.__getitem__ = lambda self, k: 0x2 if k == "sh_flags" else 0
                sec2.data.return_value = b""
                mock_elf.iter_sections.return_value = [sec1, sec2]
                mock_elf_cls.return_value = mock_elf
                assert obj.is_golang() is True

    def test_is_golang_elf_without_go(self):
        obj = self._make_extractor(filetype="elf")
        with patch("builtins.open", MagicMock()):
            with patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja.ELFFile") as mock_elf_cls:
                mock_elf = MagicMock()
                sec = MagicMock()
                sec.name = ".text"
                sec.__getitem__ = lambda self, k: 0x2 if k == "sh_flags" else 0
                sec.data.return_value = b"no go signatures here"
                mock_elf.iter_sections.return_value = [sec]
                mock_elf_cls.return_value = mock_elf
                assert obj.is_golang() is False


class TestDecompileBinjaTag:
    def test_tag_returns_decompiled(self):
        with patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja.Extractor.__init__", return_value=None):
            from redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja import DecompileBinja
            obj = DecompileBinja.__new__(DecompileBinja)
            obj.log = MagicMock()
            assert obj.tag() == Tag.DECOMPILED.value


class TestDecompileBinjaContextManager:
    def test_context_manager_protocol(self):
        with patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja.Extractor.__init__", return_value=None):
            from redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja import DecompileBinja
            obj = DecompileBinja.__new__(DecompileBinja)
            obj.log = MagicMock()
            obj.binja_decompiler = None
            obj.goresym_output_path = None
            assert obj.__enter__() is obj
            # __exit__ calls cleanup_run
            obj.__exit__(None, None, None)

    def test_cleanup_run_clears_state(self):
        with patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja.Extractor.__init__", return_value=None):
            from redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja import DecompileBinja
            obj = DecompileBinja.__new__(DecompileBinja)
            obj.log = MagicMock()
            obj.binja_decompiler = MagicMock()
            obj.goresym_output_path = None
            obj.cleanup_run()
            assert obj.binja_decompiler is None


class TestDecompileBinjaExtract:
    def test_extract_timeout_handling(self):
        """Thread timeout -> returns None and calls cleanup."""
        with patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja.Extractor.__init__", return_value=None):
            from redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja import DecompileBinja
            obj = DecompileBinja.__new__(DecompileBinja)
            obj.log = MagicMock()
            obj.analysis_results = None
            obj.binja_decompiler = None
            obj.goresym_output_path = None
            obj.DECOMPILE_EXTRACTOR_TIMEOUT = 0  # Immediate timeout
            obj.sha256 = "a" * 64
            obj.sha1 = "b" * 40
            obj.md5 = "c" * 32
            # Mock analyze_binary to block
            import threading
            obj.analyze_binary = lambda: None
            result = obj.extract()
            assert result is None

    def test_analyze_binary_skips_dotnet(self):
        """Dotnet binary -> analyze_binary returns None."""
        with patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja.Extractor.__init__", return_value=None):
            from redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja import DecompileBinja
            obj = DecompileBinja.__new__(DecompileBinja)
            obj.log = MagicMock()
            obj.filetype = "pebin"
            obj.filepath = "/fake"
            obj.hash = MagicMock()
            obj.hash.sha256 = "a" * 64
            obj.binja_decompiler = None
            obj.goresym_output_path = None
            obj.goresym_data = None
            obj.BINJA_TIMEOUT = 60
            obj.exporters = []
            obj.index_prefix = None
            with patch.object(obj, "is_dotnet", return_value=True):
                result = obj.analyze_binary()
                assert result is None


# ============================================================================
# 7b. prepare_export_data (ClickHouse schema)
# ============================================================================


class TestPrepareExportData:
    def _make_extractor_with_results(self, goresym_data=None):
        with patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja.Extractor.__init__", return_value=None):
            from redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja import DecompileBinja
            obj = DecompileBinja.__new__(DecompileBinja)
            obj.log = MagicMock()
            obj.goresym_data = goresym_data
            obj.analysis_results = {
                "sha256": "a" * 64,
                "sha1": "b" * 40,
                "md5": "c" * 32,
                "decompiled": [
                    {
                        "decompiled_function_hash": "h" * 64,
                        "decompiled_function": "void test() {}",
                        "decompiled_function_name": "test",
                        "decompiled_function_prototype": "void test()",
                        "decompiled_function_address": 0x1000,
                        "function_type": "USER",
                        "functions_caller": [],
                        "functions_call": [],
                        "disassembled_function_hash": "d" * 64,
                        "flattened_score": 0.0,
                        "mba_score": 0.0,
                    }
                ],
                "disassembled": [
                    {
                        "disassembled_function_hash": "d" * 64,
                        "disassembled_function": "0x1000: push rbp",
                        "disassembled_function_no_addresses": "push rbp",
                        "disassembled_function_name": "test",
                        "disassembled_function_address": 0x1000,
                        "function_type": "USER",
                        "instructions_count": 5,
                        "instructions_types": ["DATA_MOVEMENT"],
                        "control_flow_count": 1,
                        "memory_access_pattern": ["MEM_STACK"],
                        "register_usage": ["GPR"],
                        "data_references_count": 0,
                        "max_block_size": 5,
                        "num_calls": 1,
                        "stack_size": -8,
                        "decompiled_function_hash": "h" * 64,
                        "tlsh_disassembly": None,
                        "tlsh_llil": None,
                        "minhash": [1, 2, 3],
                        "cyclomatic_complexity": 2,
                    }
                ],
                "cfg": [
                    {
                        "function_address": 0x1000,
                        "disassembled_function_hash": "d" * 64,
                        "cfg_topology_hash": b'\x00' * 16,
                        "block_count": 3,
                        "edge_count": 4,
                        "llil_total_operations": 20,
                        "call_count": 1,
                        "cyclomatic_complexity": 3,
                        "loop_count": 1,
                        "max_depth": 2,
                        "max_fan_out": 2,
                        "md_index_topdown": 12345,
                        "md_index_bottomup": 67890,
                        "prime_product_llil": 99999,
                        "cfg_feature_tlsh": None,
                        "wl_minhash": [0] * 128,
                        "bb_features": [[5, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 1, 2]] * 3,
                        "cfg_adjacency": [(0 << 16) | 1, (0 << 16) | 2, (1 << 16) | 2],
                    }
                ],
                "llil": [
                    {
                        "sha256_llil": "l" * 64,
                        "function_type": "USER",
                        "instructions_types_llil": [],
                        "control_flow_count_llil": 0,
                        "memory_access_pattern_llil": [],
                        "register_usage": {},
                        "total_reg_reads": 0,
                        "total_reg_written": 0,
                        "data_references_count": 0,
                        "max_block_size": 5,
                        "num_calls": 0,
                        "stack_size": -8,
                        "body_llil_vector": [],
                        "function_address": 0x1000,
                        "disassembled_function_hash": "d" * 64,
                        "tlsh_disassembly": None,
                        "tlsh_llil": None,
                    }
                ],
                "errors": [],
                "strings": [
                    {
                        "string": "Hello",
                        "string_raw": "Hello",
                        "string_encoding": "Utf8String",
                        "string_offset": 0,
                        "string_length": 5,
                        "string_raw_length": 5,
                        "string_entropy": 2.32,
                    }
                ],
            }
            return obj

    def test_prepare_export_returns_none_no_results(self):
        with patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja.Extractor.__init__", return_value=None):
            from redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja import DecompileBinja
            obj = DecompileBinja.__new__(DecompileBinja)
            obj.log = MagicMock()
            obj.analysis_results = None
            result = obj.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
            assert result is None

    def test_prepare_export_multi_table_flag(self):
        obj = self._make_extractor_with_results()
        result = obj.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
        assert result["multi_table"] is True

    def test_prepare_export_all_tables_present(self):
        obj = self._make_extractor_with_results()
        result = obj.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
        expected_tables = [
            "decompiled_content",
            "decompiled_refs",
            "disassembled_content",
            "disassembled_refs",
            "llil_content",
            "llil_refs",
            "cfg_functions",
            "function_similarity_metrics",
            "strings_raw",
        ]
        for table in expected_tables:
            assert table in result, f"Missing table: {table}"

    def test_prepare_export_decompiled_content_schema(self):
        obj = self._make_extractor_with_results()
        result = obj.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
        table = result["decompiled_content"]
        assert len(table["column_names"]) == len(table["column_type_names"])
        assert "decompiled_function_hash" in table["column_names"]

    def test_prepare_export_decompiled_refs_schema(self):
        obj = self._make_extractor_with_results()
        result = obj.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
        table = result["decompiled_refs"]
        assert len(table["column_names"]) == len(table["column_type_names"])
        assert "sha256" in table["column_names"]

    def test_prepare_export_disassembled_content_schema(self):
        obj = self._make_extractor_with_results()
        result = obj.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
        table = result["disassembled_content"]
        assert len(table["column_names"]) == len(table["column_type_names"])

    def test_prepare_export_disassembled_refs_schema(self):
        obj = self._make_extractor_with_results()
        result = obj.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
        table = result["disassembled_refs"]
        assert len(table["column_names"]) == len(table["column_type_names"])

    def test_prepare_export_llil_content_schema(self):
        obj = self._make_extractor_with_results()
        result = obj.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
        table = result["llil_content"]
        assert len(table["column_names"]) == len(table["column_type_names"])

    def test_prepare_export_llil_refs_schema(self):
        obj = self._make_extractor_with_results()
        result = obj.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
        table = result["llil_refs"]
        assert len(table["column_names"]) == len(table["column_type_names"])

    def test_prepare_export_cfg_functions_schema(self):
        obj = self._make_extractor_with_results()
        result = obj.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
        table = result["cfg_functions"]
        assert len(table["column_names"]) == len(table["column_type_names"])
        assert table["table"] == "code_binja_cfg_functions"
        assert "cfg_topology_hash" in table["column_names"]
        assert "wl_minhash" in table["column_names"]
        assert "bb_features" in table["column_names"]

    def test_prepare_export_function_similarity_schema(self):
        obj = self._make_extractor_with_results()
        result = obj.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
        table = result["function_similarity_metrics"]
        assert len(table["column_names"]) == len(table["column_type_names"])

    def test_prepare_export_strings_raw_schema(self):
        obj = self._make_extractor_with_results()
        result = obj.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
        table = result["strings_raw"]
        assert len(table["column_names"]) == len(table["column_type_names"])

    def test_prepare_export_errors_schema(self):
        obj = self._make_extractor_with_results()
        result = obj.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
        table = result["function_analysis_errors"]
        assert len(table["column_names"]) == len(table["column_type_names"])

    def test_prepare_export_golang_metadata_present(self):
        obj = self._make_extractor_with_results(goresym_data={"UserFunctions": []})
        result = obj.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
        assert "golang_metadata" in result

    def test_prepare_export_golang_metadata_absent(self):
        obj = self._make_extractor_with_results(goresym_data=None)
        result = obj.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
        assert "golang_metadata" not in result


class TestPrepareHelperFunctions:
    """Test the helper functions inside prepare_export_data."""

    def test_prepare_array_field_none(self):
        # The prepare_array_field function converts None -> []
        with patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja.Extractor.__init__", return_value=None):
            from redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja import DecompileBinja
            obj = DecompileBinja.__new__(DecompileBinja)
            obj.log = MagicMock()
            obj.goresym_data = None
            obj.analysis_results = {
                "sha256": "a" * 64, "sha1": "b" * 40, "md5": "c" * 32,
                "decompiled": [], "disassembled": [], "cfg": [], "llil": [],
                "errors": [], "strings": [],
            }
            result = obj.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
            # Verify the export succeeds (function works even with empty lists)
            assert result is not None

    def test_prepare_array_field_list(self):
        """List values pass through."""
        # Verified through the export data containing arrays
        pass

    def test_prepare_register_usage_map(self):
        """Dict converted to {reg: (reads, writes)} tuples."""
        with patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja.Extractor.__init__", return_value=None):
            from redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja import DecompileBinja
            obj = DecompileBinja.__new__(DecompileBinja)
            obj.log = MagicMock()
            obj.goresym_data = None
            obj.analysis_results = {
                "sha256": "a" * 64, "sha1": "b" * 40, "md5": "c" * 32,
                "decompiled": [], "disassembled": [],
                "cfg": [],
                "llil": [{
                    "sha256_llil": "l" * 64, "function_type": "USER",
                    "instructions_types_llil": [], "control_flow_count_llil": 0,
                    "memory_access_pattern_llil": [],
                    "register_usage": {"rbx": {"reads": 3, "writes": 1}},
                    "total_reg_reads": 3, "total_reg_written": 1,
                    "data_references_count": 0, "max_block_size": 5,
                    "num_calls": 0, "stack_size": 0,
                    "body_llil_vector": [],
                    "function_address": 0x1000,
                    "disassembled_function_hash": "d" * 64,
                    "tlsh_disassembly": None,
                    "tlsh_llil": None,
                }],
                "errors": [], "strings": [],
            }
            result = obj.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
            # The LLIL content data should have register_usage_llil as a map
            llil_data = result["llil_content"]["data"]
            assert len(llil_data) == 1
            # Column index 5 is register_usage_llil
            reg_map = llil_data[0][5]
            assert reg_map == {"rbx": (3, 1)}

    def test_prepare_register_usage_map_empty(self):
        """Empty/None register usage -> {}."""
        with patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja.Extractor.__init__", return_value=None):
            from redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileBinja import DecompileBinja
            obj = DecompileBinja.__new__(DecompileBinja)
            obj.log = MagicMock()
            obj.goresym_data = None
            obj.analysis_results = {
                "sha256": "a" * 64, "sha1": "b" * 40, "md5": "c" * 32,
                "decompiled": [], "disassembled": [],
                "cfg": [],
                "llil": [{
                    "sha256_llil": "l" * 64, "function_type": "USER",
                    "instructions_types_llil": [], "control_flow_count_llil": 0,
                    "memory_access_pattern_llil": [],
                    "register_usage": None,
                    "total_reg_reads": 0, "total_reg_written": 0,
                    "data_references_count": 0, "max_block_size": 0,
                    "num_calls": 0, "stack_size": 0,
                    "body_llil_vector": [],
                    "function_address": 0x1000,
                    "disassembled_function_hash": "d" * 64,
                    "tlsh_disassembly": None,
                    "tlsh_llil": None,
                }],
                "errors": [], "strings": [],
            }
            result = obj.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
            llil_data = result["llil_content"]["data"]
            reg_map = llil_data[0][5]
            assert reg_map == {}