Kai Ma

24 papers Journal 23Unranked 1
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2025 J jnl
Trans. GIS
Qinjun Qiu, Haiyan Li, Xinxin Hu, Miao Tian, Kai Ma, Yunqiang Zhu, Kai Sun, Weirong Li, Shu Wang, Zhong Xie
2025 J jnl
Comput. Geosci.
Qinjun Qiu, Yunxia Ma, Peng Han, Kai Ma, Zehua Huang, Miao Tian, Qirui Wu
2024 J jnl
Int. J. Digit. Earth
Qinjun Qiu, Shiyu Zheng, Miao Tian, Jiali Li, Kai Ma, Liufeng Tao, Zhong Xie
2024 J jnl
Expert Syst. Appl.
Qinjun Qiu, Miao Tian, Zhen Huang, Zhong Xie, Kai Ma, Liufeng Tao, Dexin Xu
2024 J jnl
Comput. Geosci.
Miao Tian, Kai Ma, Qirui Wu, Qinjun Qiu, Liufeng Tao, Zhong Xie
2023 J jnl
Ann. GIS
Qinjun Qiu, Zhong Xie, Kai Ma, Miao Tian
2023 J jnl
Earth Sci. Informatics
Kai Ma, Shuai Zheng, Miao Tian, Qinjun Qiu, Yongjian Tan, Xinxin Hu, Haiyan Li, Zhong Xie
2023 J jnl
ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf.
Liufeng Tao, Kai Ma, Miao Tian, Zhenyang Hui, Shuai Zheng, Junjie Liu, Zhong Xie, Qinjun Qiu
2023 J jnl
Trans. GIS
Qinjun Qiu, Zhong Xie, Kai Ma, Liufeng Tao, Shiyu Zheng
2023 J jnl
Appl. Intell.
Shouzhi Xu, Xiaodi Liu, Kai Ma, Fangmin Dong, Basheer Riskhan, Shunzhi Xiang, Changsong Bing
2023 J jnl
ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf.
Miao Tian, Xinxin Hu, Jiakai Huang, Kai Ma, Haiyan Li, Shuai Zheng, Liufeng Tao, Qinjun Qiu
2022 J jnl
J. Geogr. Syst.
Kai Ma, Yongjian Tan, Zhong Xie, Qinjun Qiu, Siqiong Chen
2022 J jnl
Inf.
Xiang Chen, Shouzhi Xu, Kai Ma, Peng Chen
2022 J jnl
Earth Sci. Informatics
Kai Ma, Yongjian Tan, Miao Tian, Xuejing Xie, Qinjun Qiu, Sanfeng Li, Xin Wang
2022 J jnl
ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf.
Liufeng Tao, Zhong Xie, Dexin Xu, Kai Ma, Qinjun Qiu, Shengyong Pan, Bo Huang
2022 J jnl
Trans. GIS
Qinjun Qiu, Zhong Xie, Kai Ma, Zhanlong Chen, Liufeng Tao
2022 J jnl
Earth Sci. Informatics
Ying Ma, Zhong Xie, Gang Li, Kai Ma, Zhen Huang, Qinjun Qiu, Hui Liu
2022 J jnl
Comput. Geosci.
Bin Wang, Liang Wu, Zhong Xie, Qinjun Qiu, Yuan Zhou, Kai Ma, Liufeng Tao
2022 J jnl
Earth Sci. Informatics
Kai Ma, Miao Tian, Yongjian Tan, Xuejing Xie, Qinjun Qiu
2021 J jnl
Mob. Inf. Syst.
Kai Ma
2021 conf
PRICAI (2)
Shouzhi Xu, Xiaodi Liu, Kai Ma, Fangmin Dong, Shunzhi Xiang, Changsong Bing
2018 J jnl
ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf.
Can Zhuang, Zhong Xie, Kai Ma, Mingqiang Guo, Liang Wu
2018 J jnl
IEEE Access
Kai Ma, Liang Wu, Liufeng Tao, Wenjia Li, Zhong Xie
2016 J jnl
Intell. Autom. Soft Comput.
Kai Ma, Jihua Wang, Zehua Chen, Xiaobo Zhu, Ligang Pan
redb/extractors/decompiler/bninja/analysis/scores.py
← Index redb/extractors/decompiler/bninja/analysis/scores.py python
from collections import deque
from binaryninja import highlevelil
from binaryninja.enums import HighLevelILOperation


class ObfuscationScores:
    def __init__(self, hlil_function):
        self.function = hlil_function
        self._basic_blocks = list(hlil_function.basic_blocks) if hlil_function and hlil_function.basic_blocks else []
        self._block_count = len(self._basic_blocks)

    def flattened_score(self):
        """
        A heuristic for detecting control flow flattening from Tim Blazytko.
        Source: https://www.synthesis.to/2021/03/03/flattening_detection.html
        """
        if self._block_count == 0:
            return 0.0

        max_flattening_ratio = 0.0

        for basic_block in self._basic_blocks:
            dominated = get_dominated_by(basic_block)
            if not any(edge.source in dominated for edge in basic_block.incoming_edges):
                continue
            ratio = len(dominated) / self._block_count
            if ratio > max_flattening_ratio:
                max_flattening_ratio = ratio

        return max_flattening_ratio

    def MBA_score(self):
        """
        Score for MBA is obtained by the number of instructions that have at least one arithmetic operation and
        one logic operation DIVIDED by the number of instructions.
        """
        total = 0
        mba_count = 0

        for ins in self.function.instructions:
            total += 1
            if uses_mba(ins):
                mba_count += 1

        if total == 0:
            return 0.0

        return mba_count / total

def get_dominated_by(dominator):
    """
    Get the dominators that are dominated by the given dominator.
    (To recall the theory, a basic block B is called dominator for A if every path from START
    to A must include B)
    """
    result = set()
    worklist = deque([dominator])

    while worklist:
        block = worklist.popleft()
        if block in result:
            continue
        result.add(block)
        worklist.extend(block.dominator_tree_children)

    return result

_ARITHMETIC_OPS = frozenset({
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_ADD,
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_NEG,
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_SUB,
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_MUL,
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_DIVS,
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_MODS,
})

_LOGIC_OPS = frozenset({
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_NOT,
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_AND,
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_OR,
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_XOR,
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_LSR,
    HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_LSL,
})

_MBA_OPS = _ARITHMETIC_OPS | _LOGIC_OPS

def uses_mba(hlil_instruction):
    uses_logic = False
    uses_arithmetic = False
    stack = [hlil_instruction]

    while stack:
        instruction = stack.pop()

        if not isinstance(instruction, highlevelil.HighLevelILInstruction):
            continue

        op = instruction.operation

        if op not in _MBA_OPS:
            for operand in instruction.operands:
                if isinstance(operand, highlevelil.HighLevelILInstruction):
                    stack.append(operand)
            continue

        if op in _ARITHMETIC_OPS:
            uses_arithmetic = True
        else:
            uses_logic = True

        if uses_logic and uses_arithmetic:
            return True

        for operand in instruction.operands:
            if isinstance(operand, highlevelil.HighLevelILInstruction):
                stack.append(operand)

    return False