James M. Walker

18 papers Misc 2Journal 15Unranked 1
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2019 J jnl
Games Econ. Behav.
Abhijit Ramalingam, Brock Stoddard, James M. Walker
2017 J jnl
Games Econ. Behav.
Volodymyr Lugovskyy, Daniela Puzzello, Andrea Sorensen, James M. Walker, Arlington Williams
2015 J jnl
Int. J. Medical Informatics
Pascale Carayon, Tosha B. Wetterneck, Bashar Alyousef, Roger L. Brown, Randi S. Cartmill, Kerry McGuire, Peter Hoonakker, Jason Slagle, Kara S. Van Roy, James M. Walker, Matthew B. Weinger, Anping Xie, Kenneth E. Wood
2014 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst.
Sterling J. Anderson, James M. Walker, Karl Iagnemma
2013 J jnl
J. Am. Medical Informatics Assoc.
Peter Hoonakker, Pascale Carayon, Roger L. Brown, Randi S. Cartmill, Tosha B. Wetterneck, James M. Walker
2013 J jnl
Int. J. Medical Informatics
Ann Schoofs Hundt, Jean A. Adams, J. Andrew Schmid, Linda M. Musser, James M. Walker, Tosha B. Wetterneck, Stephen V. Douglas, Bonnie L. Paris, Pascale Carayon
2013 J jnl
Int. J. Medical Informatics
Peter Hoonakker, Pascale Carayon, James M. Walker, Roger L. Brown, Randi S. Cartmill
2013 J jnl
IEEE Intell. Transp. Syst. Mag.
Sterling J. Anderson, Sisir Karumanchi, Karl Iagnemma, James M. Walker
2012 Misc conf
AMIA
Pascale Carayon, Peter Hoonakker, Janet Tomcavage, Doreen Salek, Andrea Hassol, Randi S. Cartmill, Ann Schoofs Hundt, Ilene Ladd, Christina Yule, James Younkin, Kimberly Chaundy, James M. Walker
2012 Misc conf
AMIA
Andrea Hassol, Meghan Woo, Sarah Ball, David Izrael, Pascale Carayon, Peter Hoonakker, Ilene Ladd, Christina Yule, James Younkin, Kimberly Chaundy, Sharon Larson, James M. Walker
2012 J jnl
Int. J. Medical Informatics
Randi S. Cartmill, James M. Walker, Mary Ann Blosky, Roger L. Brown, Svetolik Djurkovic, Deborah B. Dunham, Debra Gardill, Marilyn T. Haupt, Dean Parry, Tosha B. Wetterneck, Kenneth E. Wood, Pascale Carayon
2011 J jnl
Int. J. Heal. Inf. Syst. Informatics
Peter Hoonakker, Randi S. Cartmill, Pascale Carayon, James M. Walker
2011 J jnl
J. Am. Medical Informatics Assoc.
Tosha B. Wetterneck, James M. Walker, Mary Ann Blosky, Randi S. Cartmill, Peter Hoonakker, Mark A. Johnson, Evan Norfolk, Pascale Carayon
2011 J jnl
J. Am. Medical Informatics Assoc.
Pascale Carayon, Randi S. Cartmill, Mary Ann Blosky, Roger L. Brown, Matthew Hackenberg, Peter Hoonakker, Ann Schoofs Hundt, Evan Norfolk, Tosha B. Wetterneck, James M. Walker
2010 conf
BQGT
James C. Cox, Elinor Ostrom, James M. Walker
2008 J jnl
J. Am. Medical Informatics Assoc.
James M. Walker, Pascale Carayon, Nancy G. Leveson, Ronald A. Paulus, John Tooker, Homer L. Chin, Albert Bothe Jr., Walter F. Stewart
2004 J jnl
J. Am. Medical Informatics Assoc.
Andrea Hassol, James M. Walker, David Kidder, Kim Rokita, David Young, Steven Pierdon, Deborah Deitz, Sarah Kuck, Eduardo Ortiz
2003 J jnl
Games Econ. Behav.
David Schmidt, Robert Shupp, James M. Walker, Elinor Ostrom
redb/extractors/js_extractors/js_deobfuscation.py
← Index redb/extractors/js_extractors/js_deobfuscation.py python
import hashlib
import inspect
import re
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Any

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.js_extractor import JSExtractor
from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_patterns import PATTERNS

# String literals of 4+ characters; only used by the deobfuscation diff to count
# strings revealed after deobfuscation. Compiled once at module load.
_STRING_LITERAL_4PLUS_RE = re.compile(r"[\"\']([^\"\']{4,})[\"\']")


class JSDeobfuscationExtractor(JSExtractor):
    """Compute pre/post-deobfuscation metrics for a JS sample.

    The actual deobfuscation pass (external tool with jsbeautifier fallback)
    lives on `JSContext.deobfuscated` and is cached per sample, so any other
    extractor that needs the deobfuscated text reads the same value without
    re-running the subprocess. Configure the external tool via env vars:
        JS_DEOBFUSCATOR_PATH    Path or name (default: webcrack)
        JS_DEOBFUSCATE_TIMEOUT  Seconds (default: 60)
    """

    def __init__(
        self, filepath, log, exporters=None, index_prefix=None,
        known_benign=False, known_malicious=False, source=None, context=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath, log, exporters, index_prefix,
            known_benign, known_malicious, source, context=context,
        )
        self.deobfuscation_result = None
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

    def tag(self):
        return Tag.JS_DEOBFUSCATION.value

    def extract(self):
        src = self.js_source
        if not src:
            return None

        deobfuscated, deobfuscator_used = self._context.deobfuscated
        if deobfuscated is None:
            return None

        original_size = len(src)
        original_entropy = self._context.text_entropy
        deobfuscated_size = len(deobfuscated)
        deobfuscated_entropy = self._calculate_text_entropy(deobfuscated)
        size_change_ratio = round(deobfuscated_size / original_size, 4) if original_size else 0.0

        # Strings revealed by deobfuscation: matched literals are extracted from
        # both versions and the set difference is the count of "new" strings.
        original_strings = set(_STRING_LITERAL_4PLUS_RE.findall(src))
        deobfuscated_strings = set(_STRING_LITERAL_4PLUS_RE.findall(deobfuscated))
        new_strings = deobfuscated_strings - original_strings

        # Suspicious APIs revealed by deobfuscation. Both sides of the diff
        # come from JSContext caches: the raw scan is computed once for the
        # whole pipeline; the deobfuscated scan is computed once and reused
        # by JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor's revealed_by_deobf rows.
        original_apis = {n for n in self._context.scan if n in PATTERNS}
        deobfuscated_apis = set(self._context.scan_deobfuscated)
        new_apis = deobfuscated_apis - original_apis

        deobfuscated_sha256 = hashlib.sha256(deobfuscated.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()

        self.deobfuscation_result = {
            'deobfuscator_used': deobfuscator_used,
            'deobfuscation_successful': True,
            'original_size': original_size,
            'deobfuscated_size': deobfuscated_size,
            'size_change_ratio': size_change_ratio,
            'original_entropy': original_entropy,
            'deobfuscated_entropy': deobfuscated_entropy,
            'new_strings_found': len(new_strings),
            'new_apis_found': len(new_apis),
            'deobfuscated_sha256': deobfuscated_sha256,
        }
        return self.deobfuscation_result

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        if exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            if not self.deobfuscation_result:
                return None

            r = self.deobfuscation_result
            current_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
            data = [[
                self.sha256,
                r['deobfuscator_used'],
                int(r['deobfuscation_successful']),
                r['original_size'],
                r['deobfuscated_size'],
                r['size_change_ratio'],
                r['original_entropy'],
                r['deobfuscated_entropy'],
                r['new_strings_found'],
                r['new_apis_found'],
                r['deobfuscated_sha256'],
                current_time,
            ]]

            column_names = [
                "sha256", "deobfuscator_used", "deobfuscation_successful",
                "original_size", "deobfuscated_size", "size_change_ratio",
                "original_entropy", "deobfuscated_entropy",
                "new_strings_found", "new_apis_found",
                "deobfuscated_sha256", "analysis_date",
            ]

            column_type_names = [
                "FixedString(64)", "LowCardinality(String)", "UInt8",
                "UInt64", "UInt64", "Float64",
                "Float64", "Float64",
                "UInt32", "UInt32",
                "FixedString(64)", "DateTime64(3, 'UTC')",
            ]

            return (data, column_names, column_type_names)

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        return "redb_js_deobfuscation"