James M. Bern

17 papers A* 4A 3Journal 4Unranked 5
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2024 A* conf
ICRA
James M. Bern, William C. May, Austin Osborn, Francesco Stella, Sadra Zargarzadeh, Josie Hughes
2023 A conf
IROS
James M. Bern, Zach J. Patterson, Leonardo Zamora Yañez, Kristoff K. Misquitta, Daniela Rus
2022 conf
SIGGRAPH Courses
James M. Bern, Stelian Coros, Andrew Spielberg
2022 conf
RoboSoft
James M. Bern, Leonardo Zamora Yañez, Emily R. Sologuren, Daniela Rus
2022 A* conf
ICRA
John Romanishin, James M. Bern, Daniela Rus
2022 A* conf
ICRA
James M. Bern, Fatemeh Zargarbashi, Annan Zhang, Josie Hughes, Daniela Rus
2021 conf
RoboSoft
James M. Bern, Daniela Rus
2020
James M. Bern
2020 conf
RoboSoft
James M. Bern, Yannick Schnider, Pol Banzet, Nitish Kumar, Stelian Coros
2019 J jnl
ACM Trans. Graph.
Simon Zimmermann, Roi Poranne, James M. Bern, Stelian Coros
2019 J jnl
ACM Trans. Graph.
David Hahn, Pol Banzet, James M. Bern, Stelian Coros
2019 conf
Robotics: Science and Systems
James M. Bern, Pol Banzet, Roi Poranne, Stelian Coros
2018 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Robotics
Sehoon Ha, Stelian Coros, Alexander Alspach, James M. Bern, Joohyung Kim, Katsu Yamane
2018 A conf
IROS
Simon Duenser, James M. Bern, Roi Poranne, Stelian Coros
2017 A conf
IROS
James M. Bern, Grace Kumagai, Stelian Coros
2017 J jnl
ACM Trans. Graph.
James M. Bern, Kai-Hung Chang, Stelian Coros
2015 A* conf
ICRA
Cynthia R. Sung, James M. Bern, John Romanishin, Daniela Rus
tests/unit/test_apk_method_extractor.py
← Index tests/unit/test_apk_method_extractor.py python
"""
Unit tests for APK method-level content extraction, hashing, and similarity.

Tests SHA-256 normalization, ssdeep/TLSH computation, obfuscation detection,
and Dalvik-to-Java type conversion.
"""
import pytest

pytestmark = [pytest.mark.unit, pytest.mark.apk, pytest.mark.decompile]


class TestHashingFunctions:
    """Tests for hashing utility functions."""

    def test_sha256_deterministic(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_sha256
        h1 = compute_sha256("invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V")
        h2 = compute_sha256("invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V")
        assert h1 == h2

    def test_sha256_hex_length(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_sha256
        assert len(compute_sha256("test")) == 64

    def test_sha256_different_inputs(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_sha256
        assert compute_sha256("aaa") != compute_sha256("bbb")

    def test_ssdeep_none_for_short(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_ssdeep
        assert compute_ssdeep("short") is None

    def test_tlsh_none_for_short(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_tlsh
        assert compute_tlsh("x") is None


class TestObfuscationDetection:
    """Tests for obfuscation indicator detection."""

    def test_short_method_name_single_char(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("a", "Lcom/Foo;", "", 10)
        assert r["short_method_name"] is True

    def test_short_method_name_two_chars(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("ab", "Lcom/Foo;", "", 10)
        assert r["short_method_name"] is True

    def test_normal_method_name(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("onCreate", "Lcom/Foo;", "", 10)
        assert r["short_method_name"] is False

    def test_short_class_name(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("foo", "Lcom/a;", "", 10)
        assert r["short_class_name"] is True

    def test_normal_class_name(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("foo", "Lcom/example/MainActivity;", "", 10)
        assert r["short_class_name"] is False

    def test_string_encryption_detected(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = (
            'const-string v0, "xyz"\n'
            'invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/Enc;->decrypt(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;\n'
        )
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 10)
        assert r["has_string_encryption"] is True

    def test_no_string_encryption(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = 'const-string v0, "hello"\ninvoke-virtual {v0}, Ljava/lang/String;->length()I'
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 10)
        assert r["has_string_encryption"] is False

    def test_reflection_detected(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = 'invoke-virtual {v0, v1}, Ljava/lang/Class;->forName(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Class;'
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 10)
        assert r["has_reflection_calls"] is True

    def test_no_reflection(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = 'invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V'
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 10)
        assert r["has_reflection_calls"] is False

    def test_excessive_goto_detected(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = "\n".join(["goto :label"] * 10)
        # threshold = max(5, 20*0.15=3) = 5, 10 > 5
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 20)
        assert r["excessive_goto_count"] is True

    def test_no_excessive_goto(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = "goto :label\nreturn-void"
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 100)
        assert r["excessive_goto_count"] is False

    def test_goto_16_counted(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import detect_obfuscation_indicators
        smali = "\n".join(["goto/16 :label"] * 10)
        r = detect_obfuscation_indicators("m", "Lcom/Foo;", smali, 20)
        assert r["excessive_goto_count"] is True


class TestDalvikTypeConversion:
    """Tests for Dalvik-to-Java type conversion."""

    def test_void(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("V") == "void"

    def test_primitives(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("I") == "int"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("Z") == "boolean"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("J") == "long"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("F") == "float"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("D") == "double"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("B") == "byte"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("S") == "short"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("C") == "char"

    def test_object_type(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("Ljava/lang/String;") == "String"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("Lcom/example/Foo;") == "Foo"

    def test_array_type(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("[I") == "int[]"
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("[Ljava/lang/String;") == "String[]"

    def test_empty_returns_void(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_type_to_java
        assert dalvik_type_to_java("") == "void"


class TestJavaPrototypeConversion:
    """Tests for method signature to Java prototype conversion."""

    def test_simple_method(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_to_java_prototype
        assert dalvik_to_java_prototype("foo", "()V") == "void foo()"

    def test_method_with_params(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_to_java_prototype
        result = dalvik_to_java_prototype("bar", "(ILjava/lang/String;)Z")
        assert result == "boolean bar(int, String)"

    def test_method_returning_object(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_to_java_prototype
        result = dalvik_to_java_prototype("create", "()Lcom/example/Foo;")
        assert result == "Foo create()"

    def test_empty_signature(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import dalvik_to_java_prototype
        result = dalvik_to_java_prototype("m", "")
        assert "m()" in result


class TestDalvikParamParsing:
    """Tests for parsing Dalvik parameter descriptors."""

    def test_empty(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        assert _parse_dalvik_params("") == []

    def test_single_primitive(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        assert _parse_dalvik_params("I") == ["I"]

    def test_multiple_primitives(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        assert _parse_dalvik_params("IZJ") == ["I", "Z", "J"]

    def test_single_object(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        assert _parse_dalvik_params("Ljava/lang/String;") == ["Ljava/lang/String;"]

    def test_mixed(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        result = _parse_dalvik_params("ILjava/lang/String;Z")
        assert result == ["I", "Ljava/lang/String;", "Z"]

    def test_arrays(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        result = _parse_dalvik_params("[I[Ljava/lang/String;")
        assert result == ["[I", "[Ljava/lang/String;"]

    def test_two_objects(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import _parse_dalvik_params
        result = _parse_dalvik_params("Landroid/os/Bundle;Ljava/lang/String;")
        assert len(result) == 2