James Clifford

46 papers A* 4B 1C 1Journal 16Unranked 13
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2003 conf
LISA
Roger Crandell, James Clifford, Alexander Kent
2000 conf
LISA
Alexander Kent, James Clifford
1997 J jnl
ACM Trans. Database Syst.
James Clifford, Curtis E. Dyreson, Tomás Isakowitz, Christian S. Jensen, Richard T. Snodgrass
1997 conf
Temporal Databases, Dagstuhl
Christian S. Jensen, Curtis E. Dyreson, Michael H. Böhlen, James Clifford, Ramez Elmasri, Shashi K. Gadia, Fabio Grandi, Patrick J. Hayes, Sushil Jajodia, Wolfgang Käfer, Nick Kline, Nikos A. Lorentzos, Yannis G. Mitsopoulos, Angelo Montanari, Daniel A. Nonen, Elisa Peressi, Barbara Pernici, John F. Roddick, Nandlal L. Sarda, Maria Rita Scalas, Arie Segev, Richard T. Snodgrass, Michael D. Soo, Abdullah Uz Tansel, Paolo Tiberio, Gio Wiederhold
1996 ch.
Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
Donald J. Berndt, James Clifford
1996 J jnl
Inf. Syst. Res.
James Clifford, Albert Croker, Alexander Tuzhilin
1995 ch.
The TSQL2 Temporal Query Language
James Clifford, Curtis E. Dyreson, Richard T. Snodgrass, Tomás Isakowitz, Christian S. Jensen
1995 J jnl
Inf. Syst.
Alexander Tuzhilin, James Clifford
1995 conf
Temporal Databases
James Clifford, Albert Croker, Fabio Grandi, Alexander Tuzhilin
1995 conf
Temporal Databases
James Clifford, Christian S. Jensen, Richard T. Snodgrass, Michael H. Böhlen, Hasan Dewan, Duri Schmidt
1995 conf
Temporal Databases
Richard T. Snodgrass, James Clifford, Umeshwar Dayal, Arie Segev
1995 ed.
James Clifford, Alexander Tuzhilin
1994 J jnl
SIGMOD Rec.
Christian S. Jensen, James Clifford, Ramez Elmasri, Shashi K. Gadia, Patrick J. Hayes, Sushil Jajodia
1994 J jnl
J. Manag. Inf. Syst.
James Clifford
1994 J jnl
SIGMOD Rec.
Richard T. Snodgrass, Ilsoo Ahn, Gad Ariav, Don S. Batory, James Clifford, Curtis E. Dyreson, Ramez Elmasri, Fabio Grandi, Christian S. Jensen, Wolfgang Käfer, Nick Kline, Krishna G. Kulkarni, T. Y. Cliff Leung, Nikos A. Lorentzos, John F. Roddick, Arie Segev, Michael D. Soo, Suryanarayana M. Sripada
1994 J jnl
ACM Trans. Database Syst.
James Clifford, Albert Croker, Alexander Tuzhilin
1994 B conf
EDBT
James Clifford, Tomás Isakowitz
1994 J jnl
SIGMOD Rec.
Richard T. Snodgrass, Ilsoo Ahn, Gad Ariav, Don S. Batory, James Clifford, Curtis E. Dyreson, Ramez Elmasri, Fabio Grandi, Christian S. Jensen, Wolfgang Käfer, Nick Kline, Krishna G. Kulkarni, T. Y. Cliff Leung, Nikos A. Lorentzos, John F. Roddick, Arie Segev, Michael D. Soo, Suryanarayana M. Sripada
1994 conf
KDD Workshop
Donald J. Berndt, James Clifford
1993 conf
Advanced Database Systems
James Clifford
1993 ch.
Temporal Databases
James Clifford, Albert Croker, Alexander Tuzhilin
1993 book
Abdullah Uz Tansel, James Clifford, Shashi K. Gadia, Sushil Jajodia, Arie Segev, Richard T. Snodgrass
1993 book
Abdullah Uz Tansel, James Clifford, Shashi K. Gadia, Arie Segev, Richard T. Snodgrass
1993 ch.
Temporal Databases
James Clifford, Albert Croker
1992 J jnl
SIGMOD Rec.
Christian S. Jensen, James Clifford, Shashi K. Gadia, Arie Segev, Richard T. Snodgrass
1992 J jnl
Inf. Syst. Res.
James Clifford, Henry C. Lucas Jr., Rajan Srikanth
1991 ed.
James Clifford, Roger King
1990 A* conf
VLDB
Alexander Tuzhilin, James Clifford
1990 book
Formal semantics and pragmatics for natural language querying.
James Clifford
1989 ed.
James Clifford, Bruce G. Lindsay, David Maier
1988 J jnl
Comput. Linguistics
James Clifford
1988 J jnl
IEEE Data Eng. Bull.
James Clifford, Albert Croker
1987 conf
Temporal Aspects in Information Systems
James Clifford, Ahobala Rao
1987 A* conf
ICDE
James Clifford, Albert Croker
1985 J jnl
Decis. Support Syst.
Yannis Vassiliou, James Clifford, Matthias Jarke
1985 ch.
Query Processing in Database Systems
Yannis Vassiliou, James Clifford, Matthias Jarke
1985 conf
SIGMOD Conference
James Clifford, Abdullah Uz Tansel
1984 C conf
ICIS
Gad Ariav, James Clifford
1984 conf
SIGMOD Conference
Matthias Jarke, James Clifford, Yannis Vassiliou
1983 J jnl
IEEE Database Eng. Bull.
James Clifford, Matthias Jarke, Yannis Vassiliou
1983 J jnl
IEEE Database Eng. Bull.
Yannis Vassiliou, Matthias Jarke, James Clifford
1983 J jnl
ACM Trans. Database Syst.
James Clifford, David Scott Warren
1983 A* conf
VLDB
Yannis Vassiliou, James Clifford, Matthias Jarke
1983 A* conf
AAAI
James Clifford
1983 conf
SIGMOD Conference
Gad Ariav, James Clifford, Matthias Jarke
1981 conf
XP2 Workshop on Relational Database Theory
James Clifford, David Scott Warren
redb/extractors/macho_extractors/macho_features.py
← Index redb/extractors/macho_extractors/macho_features.py python
import inspect
import json
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Any

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.macho_extractor import MachOExtractor
from redb.models.dataclasses import MachO


class MachOFeaturesExtractor(MachOExtractor):

    def __init__(
        self,
        filepath,
        log,
        exporters=None,
        index_prefix=None,
        elastic_index=None,
        known_benign=False,
        known_malicious=False,
        macho=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath,
            log,
            exporters,
            index_prefix,
            elastic_index,
            known_benign,
            known_malicious,
            macho,
        )
        self.elastic_index = self.index_prefix + "-macho_features"
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

    def tag(self):
        return Tag.MACHO_FEATURES.value

    def _extract_macho_features_for_arch(self, arch_name):
        """Extract basic MachO features for a specific architecture."""
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

        if not self.macho:
            return None

        try:
            # Get general info using new API
            general_info = self.macho.get_general_info()
            if not general_info:
                return None

            # Get header info for this specific architecture
            header_raw = self.macho.get_macho_header(arch=arch_name)
            header_formatted = self.macho.get_macho_header(arch=arch_name, formatted=True)

            if not header_raw or not header_formatted:
                return None

            # Get entry point using new API
            entry_point = None
            try:
                entry_point_info = self.macho.get_entry_point(arch=arch_name)
                if entry_point_info:
                    if isinstance(entry_point_info, dict):
                        entry_point = entry_point_info.get('entryoff') or entry_point_info.get('entry_address')
                    else:
                        entry_point = entry_point_info
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.debug(f"No entry point found: {e}")

            # Get UUID using new API
            uuid = None
            try:
                uuid_info = self.macho.get_uuid(arch=arch_name)
                if uuid_info:
                    uuid = str(uuid_info)
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.debug(f"No UUID found: {e}")

            # Get version info using new API with formatting
            version_info = None
            version_info_str = None
            try:
                version_info = self.macho.get_version_info(arch=arch_name)
                version_info_str = self.macho.get_version_info(arch=arch_name, formatted=True)
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.debug(f"No version info found: {e}")

            # Get segments using new API
            segments = self.macho.get_segments(arch=arch_name)
            number_of_segments = len(segments) if segments else 0

            # Get dylib info using new API
            dylib_names = self.macho.get_dylib_names(arch=arch_name)
            number_of_dylibs = len(dylib_names) if dylib_names else 0

            # Count imports using new API
            imported_functions = self.macho.get_imported_functions(arch=arch_name)
            number_of_imports = sum(len(funcs) for funcs in imported_functions.values()) if imported_functions else 0

            # Count exports using new API
            exported_symbols = self.macho.get_exported_symbols(arch=arch_name)
            number_of_exports = sum(len(symbols) for symbols in exported_symbols.values()) if exported_symbols else 0

            # Get unique load command types using new API
            load_commands_set = self.macho.get_load_commands_set(arch=arch_name, formatted=True)
            if isinstance(load_commands_set, set):
                load_commands_set = sorted(list(load_commands_set))

            # Get architectures for listing purposes
            architectures = self.macho.get_architectures()

            # Determine binary properties
            is_64bit = header_raw.get('magic') in [0xFEEDFACF, 0xCFFAEDFE]  # MH_MAGIC_64, MH_CIGAM_64
            is_signed = self._is_signed()
            
            # Create MachO dataclass
            macho_features = MachO(
                # Raw values from new API
                magic=header_raw.get('magic', 0),
                cputype=header_raw.get('cputype', 0),
                cpusubtype=header_raw.get('cpusubtype', 0),
                filetype=header_raw.get('filetype', 0),
                ncmds=header_raw.get('ncmds', 0),
                sizeofcmds=header_raw.get('sizeofcmds', 0),
                flags=header_raw.get('flags', 0),
                architecture=header_raw.get('cputype', 0),  # Use cputype as architecture
                architectures=[arch_info.get('cputype', 0) for arch_info in [self.macho.get_macho_header(arch=arch) for arch in architectures] if arch_info],
                # Human-readable values from formatted API
                magic_str=header_formatted.get('magic', ''),
                cputype_str=header_formatted.get('cputype', ''),
                cpusubtype_str=header_formatted.get('cpusubtype', ''),
                filetype_str=header_formatted.get('filetype', ''),
                flags_str=header_formatted.get('flags', '').split(', ') if header_formatted.get('flags') else [],
                architecture_str=header_formatted.get('cputype', ''),
                architectures_str=[arch_info.get('cputype', '') for arch_info in [self.macho.get_macho_header(arch=arch, formatted=True) for arch in architectures] if arch_info],
                # Additional properties
                is_64bit=is_64bit,
                is_signed=is_signed,
                number_of_load_commands=header_raw.get('ncmds', 0),
                load_commands_set=load_commands_set,
                number_of_segments=number_of_segments,
                number_of_dylibs=number_of_dylibs,
                number_of_imports=number_of_imports,
                number_of_exports=number_of_exports,
                entry_point=entry_point,
                uuid=uuid,
                version_info=version_info,
                version_info_str=version_info_str
            )
            
            return macho_features
            
        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting MachO features: {e}")
            return None

    def extract(self):
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)
        try:
            if not self.macho:
                return None
            architectures = self.macho.get_architectures()
            if not architectures:
                return None

            # For FAT binaries, return features for all architectures
            # For single arch, return just the single result
            if len(architectures) > 1:
                # FAT binary - return list of features for each architecture
                results = []
                for arch_name in architectures:
                    features = self._extract_macho_features_for_arch(arch_name)
                    if features:
                        # Add architecture identifier to the result
                        if hasattr(features, '__dict__'):
                            # If it's a dataclass, we can access its dict
                            features.arch_identifier = arch_name
                        results.append(features)
                return results
            else:
                # Single architecture - return single result
                return self._extract_macho_features_for_arch(architectures[0])
        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting MachO features: {e}")
            return None

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        if exporter_type == "ElasticsearchExporter":
            return self.extract()
        elif exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            if not self.macho:
                return None

            # Get architectures (macho is already parsed in __init__)
            try:
                architectures = self.macho.get_architectures()
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.error(f"Could not get architectures: {e}")
                return None

            data = []
            current_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)

            # Loop through each architecture (1 for single, multiple for FAT)
            for arch_name in architectures:
                # Extract features for this specific architecture
                macho_features = self._extract_macho_features_for_arch(arch_name)
                if not macho_features:
                    continue

                # Get architecture-specific sha256
                try:
                    arch_general_info = self.macho.get_general_info(arch=arch_name)
                    arch_sha256 = arch_general_info.get('SHA256', self.sha256)
                except Exception as e:
                    self.log.warning(f"Could not get arch-specific hash for {arch_name}: {e}")
                    arch_sha256 = self.sha256

                # Architecture field (kept in features table for ORDER BY)
                architecture = macho_features.cputype    # Raw CPU type value

                data.append([
                    arch_sha256,                          # sha256 (architecture-specific)
                    architecture,                         # architecture (raw CPU type)
                    # Raw values
                    macho_features.magic,                 # magic
                    macho_features.cputype,               # cputype
                    macho_features.cpusubtype,            # cpusubtype
                    macho_features.filetype,              # filetype
                    macho_features.ncmds,                 # ncmds
                    macho_features.sizeofcmds,            # sizeofcmds
                    macho_features.flags,                 # flags
                    # Human-readable values
                    macho_features.magic_str,             # magic_str
                    macho_features.cputype_str,           # cputype_str
                    macho_features.cpusubtype_str,        # cpusubtype_str
                    macho_features.filetype_str,          # filetype_str
                    macho_features.flags_str,             # flags_str
                    # Other fields
                    macho_features.is_64bit,              # is_64bit
                    macho_features.is_signed,             # is_signed
                    macho_features.entry_point if macho_features.entry_point else None,           # entry_point
                    macho_features.uuid if macho_features.uuid else None,  # uuid
                    json.dumps(macho_features.version_info) if macho_features.version_info else "{}",  # version_info
                    json.dumps(macho_features.version_info_str) if macho_features.version_info_str else "{}",  # version_info_str
                    macho_features.load_commands_set,     # load_commands_set
                    macho_features.number_of_segments,    # number_of_segments
                    macho_features.number_of_dylibs,      # number_of_dylibs
                    macho_features.number_of_imports,     # number_of_imports
                    macho_features.number_of_exports,     # number_of_exports
                    current_time,                         # analysis_date
                ])

            column_names = [
                'sha256', 'architecture',
                # Raw values
                'magic', 'cputype', 'cpusubtype', 'filetype', 'ncmds', 'sizeofcmds', 'flags',
                # Human-readable values
                'magic_str', 'cputype_str', 'cpusubtype_str', 'filetype_str', 'flags_str',
                # Other fields
                'is_64bit', 'is_signed',
                'entry_point', 'uuid', 'version_info', 'version_info_str', 'load_commands_set',
                'number_of_segments', 'number_of_dylibs', 'number_of_imports', 'number_of_exports',
                'analysis_date'
            ]

            if not data:
                return None

            column_type_names = [
                'FixedString(64)', 'Nullable(UInt32)',
                # Raw values
                'UInt32', 'UInt32', 'UInt32', 'UInt32', 'UInt32', 'UInt32', 'UInt32',
                # Human-readable values
                'LowCardinality(String)', 'LowCardinality(String)', 'LowCardinality(String)', 'LowCardinality(String)', 'Array(LowCardinality(String))',
                # Other fields
                'UInt8', 'UInt8',
                'Nullable(UInt64)', 'Nullable(String)', 'JSON', 'JSON', 'Array(Nullable(String))',
                'UInt32', 'UInt32', 'UInt32', 'UInt32', 'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')'
            ]

            return (data, column_names, column_type_names)
        
        return None

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        return "redb_macho_features"