Jalil Boukhobza

129 papers A 1B 16C 18Misc 6Journal 54Unranked 25
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2026 J jnl
CoRR
Meriem Bouzouad, Yuan-Hao Chang, Jalil Boukhobza
2026 conf
CHEOPS@EuroSys
Hocine Mahni, Louis-Marie Nicolas, Jalil Boukhobza
2026 conf
CHEOPS@EuroSys
Mohammed Islam Naas, Pierre Olivier, Stéphane Rubini, Frank Singhoff, Jalil Boukhobza
2026 J jnl
Future Gener. Comput. Syst.
Louis-Marie Nicolas, Salim Mimouni, Philippe Couvée, Jalil Boukhobza
2026 ed.
CHEOPS@EuroSys
Amelie Chi Zhou, Jalil Boukhobza, Radu Stoica, Roxana Geambasu
2025 J jnl
ACM Trans. Storage
Jalil Boukhobza, Pierre Olivier, Wen Sheng Lim, Liang-Chi Chen, Yun-Shan Hsieh, Shin-Ting Wu, Chien-Chung Ho, Po-Chun Huang, Yuan-Hao Chang
2025 J jnl
CoRR
Vincent Lannurien, Camélia Slimani, Louis Morge-Rollet, Laurent Lemarchand, David Espes, Frédéric Le Roy, Jalil Boukhobza
2025 J jnl
Future Gener. Comput. Syst.
Camélia Slimani, Louis Morge-Rollet, Laurent Lemarchand, David Espes, Frédéric Le Roy, Jalil Boukhobza
2025 C conf
CLUSTER
Lydia Ait-Oucheggou, Stéphane Rubini, Abdella Battou, Jalil Boukhobza
2025 conf
CHEOPS@EuroSys
Louis-Marie Nicolas, Salim Mimouni, Philippe Couvée, Jalil Boukhobza
2025 Misc conf
CASES
Jalil Boukhobza, Alessio Burrello, Yuan-Hao Chang, Yawei Li, Daniele Jahier Pagliari, Chun-Feng Wu, Ming-Chang Yang, Tsun-Yu Yang
2025 A conf
DATE
Louis Morge-Rollet, Camélia Slimani, Laurent Lemarchand, Frédéric Le Roy, David Espes, Jalil Boukhobza
2025 B conf
SSDBM
Louis-Marie Nicolas, Salim Mimouni, Philippe Couvée, Jalil Boukhobza
2025 Misc conf
SAC
Hocine Mahni, Stéphane Rubini, Sebastien Gougeaud, Philippe Deniel, Jalil Boukhobza
2025 Misc conf
CODES+ISSS
Yi-Chun Liao, Chieh-Lin Tsai, Yuan-Hao Chang, Camélia Slimani, Jalil Boukhobza, Tei-Wei Kuo
2025 B ed.
SSDBM
Suren Byna, Anthony Kougkas, Sarah Neuwirth, Venkat Vishwanath, Jalil Boukhobza, Alfredo Cuzzocrea, Dong Dai, Jean Bez
2025 J jnl
Future Gener. Comput. Syst.
Lydia Ait-Oucheggou, Stéphane Rubini, Abdella Battou, Jalil Boukhobza
2025 J jnl
CoRR
Yi-Chun Liao, Chieh-Lin Tsai, Yuan-Hao Chang, Camélia Slimani, Jalil Boukhobza, Tei-Wei Kuo
2024 conf
SIGMETRICS/Performance (Abstracts)
Stella Bitchebe, Yves Kone, Pierre Olivier, Jalil Boukhobza, Yérom-David Bromberg, Daniel Hagimont, Alain Tchana
2024 B conf
CCGrid
Vincent Lannurien, Camélia Slimani, Laurent d'Orazio, Olivier Barais, Stéphane Paquelet, Jalil Boukhobza
2024 J jnl
IEEE Internet Comput.
Vincent Lannurien, Laurent d'Orazio, Olivier Barais, Stéphane Paquelet, Jalil Boukhobza
2024 C conf
SBAC-PAD
Louis Morge-Rollet, Camélia Slimani, Laurent Lemarchand, Frédéric Le Roy, David Espes, Jalil Boukhobza
2024 Misc conf
SAC
Meriem Bouzouad, Yasmine Benhamadi, Camélia Slimani, Jalil Boukhobza
2024 B ed.
SSDBM
Shadi Ibrahim, Suren Byna, Tristan Allard, Jay F. Lofstead, Amelie Chi Zhou, Tassadit Bouadi, Jalil Boukhobza, Diana Moise, Cédric Tedeschi, Jean Luca Bez
2023 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Computers
Camélia Slimani, Chun-Feng Wu, Stéphane Rubini, Yuan-Hao Chang, Jalil Boukhobza
2023 C conf
DSD
Camélia Slimani, Louis Morge-Rollet, Laurent Lemarchand, Frédéric Le Roy, David Espes, Jalil Boukhobza
2023 conf
SC Workshops
Louis-Marie Nicolas, Salim Mimouni, Philippe Couvée, Jalil Boukhobza
2023 J jnl
Proc. ACM Meas. Anal. Comput. Syst.
Stella Bitchebe, Yves Kone, Pierre Olivier, Jalil Boukhobza, Yérom-David Bromberg, Daniel Hagimont, Alain Tchana
2023 B conf
CCGrid
Vincent Lannurien, Laurent d'Orazio, Olivier Barais, Esther Bernard, Olivier Weppe, Laurent Beaulieu, Amine Kacete, Stéphane Paquelet, Jalil Boukhobza
2023 B conf
MASCOTS
Lydia Ait-Oucheggou, Stéphane Rubini, Abdella Battou, Jalil Boukhobza
2023 B conf
MASCOTS
Hafsa Kara Achira, Camélia Slimani, Jalil Boukhobza
2022 ed.
CHEOPS@EuroSys
Michael Kuhn, Kira Duwe, Jean-Thomas Acquaviva, Konstantinos Chasapis, Jalil Boukhobza
2022 conf
PARMA-DITAM@HiPEAC
Mohammed Bey Ahmed Khernache, Jalil Boukhobza, Yahia Benmoussa, Daniel Ménard
2022 J jnl
ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst.
Yuan-Hao Chang, Jalil Boukhobza, Song Han
2022 J jnl
ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst.
Yuan-Hao Chang, Jalil Boukhobza, Song Han
2022 J jnl
CoRR
SidAhmed Yalles, Mohamed Handaoui, Jean-Emile Dartois, Olivier Barais, Laurent d'Orazio, Jalil Boukhobza
2022 C conf
PDP
SidAhmed Yalles, Mohamed Handaoui, Jean-Emile Dartois, Olivier Barais, Laurent d'Orazio, Jalil Boukhobza
2022 J jnl
ACM SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev.
Louis-Marie Nicolas, Luis Thomas, Yassine Hadjadj-Aoul, Jalil Boukhobza
2022 conf
CHEOPS@EuroSys
Louis-Marie Nicolas, Luis Thomas, Yassine Hadjadj-Aoul, Jalil Boukhobza
2022 B conf
IEEE Big Data
Laurent d'Orazio, Jalil Boukhobza, Omer F. Rana, Juba Agoun, Le Gruenwald, Hervé Rannou, Elisa Bertino, Mohand-Saïd Hacid, Taofik Saïdi, Georges Bossert, Van Long Nguyen Huu, Dimitri Tombroff, Makoto Onizuka
2022 C conf
ICFEC
Lydia Ait-Oucheggou, Mohammed Islam Naas, Yassine Hadjadj-Aoul, Jalil Boukhobza
2021 ed.
CHEOPS@EuroSys
Michael Kuhn, Kira Duwe, Jean-Thomas Acquaviva, Konstantinos Chasapis, Jalil Boukhobza
2021 J jnl
ACM SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev.
Mohammed Islam Naas, François Trahay, Alexis Colin, Pierre Olivier, Stéphane Rubini, Frank Singhoff, Jalil Boukhobza
2021 conf
CHEOPS@EuroSys
Mohammed Islam Naas, François Trahay, Alexis Colin, Pierre Olivier, Stéphane Rubini, Frank Singhoff, Jalil Boukhobza
2021 J jnl
J. Syst. Archit.
Hai Nam Tran, Stéphane Rubini, Jalil Boukhobza, Frank Singhoff
2021 J jnl
J. Syst. Archit.
Mohammed Bey Ahmed Khernache, Yahia Benmoussa, Jalil Boukhobza, Daniel Ménard
2021 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Cloud Comput.
Jean-Emile Dartois, Jalil Boukhobza, Anas Knefati, Olivier Barais
2021 J jnl
J. Grid Comput.
Mohammed Islam Naas, Laurent Lemarchand, Philippe Raipin Parvédy, Jalil Boukhobza
2021 J jnl
ACM Trans. Storage
Amina Chikhaoui, Laurent Lemarchand, Kamel Boukhalfa, Jalil Boukhobza
2021 conf
CHEOPS@EuroSys
Luis Thomas, Sebastien Gougeaud, Stéphane Rubini, Philippe Deniel, Jalil Boukhobza
2021 J jnl
ACM SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev.
Luis Thomas, Sebastien Gougeaud, Stéphane Rubini, Philippe Deniel, Jalil Boukhobza
2021 Misc conf
SAC
Camélia Slimani, Chun-Feng Wu, Yuan-Hao Chang, Stéphane Rubini, Jalil Boukhobza
2020 J jnl
Perform. Evaluation
André-Luc Beylot, Jalil Boukhobza
2020 C conf
CloudCom
Mohamed Handaoui, Jean-Emile Dartois, Jalil Boukhobza, Olivier Barais, Laurent d'Orazio
2020 J jnl
CoRR
Mohamed Handaoui, Jean-Emile Dartois, Jalil Boukhobza, Olivier Barais, Laurent d'Orazio
2020 B conf
CCGRID
Mohamed Handaoui, Jean-Emile Dartois, Laurent Lemarchand, Jalil Boukhobza
2019 B conf
CLOUD
Jean-Emile Dartois, Heverson B. Ribeiro, Jalil Boukhobza, Olivier Barais
2019 J jnl
SIGBED Rev.
Camélia Slimani, Stéphane Rubini, Jalil Boukhobza
2019 B conf
MASCOTS
Camélia Slimani, Stéphane Rubini, Jalil Boukhobza
2019 B conf
MASCOTS
Jean-Emile Dartois, Ivan Meriau, Mohamed Handaoui, Jalil Boukhobza, Olivier Barais
2019 J jnl
Future Gener. Comput. Syst.
Djillali Boukhelef, Jalil Boukhobza, Kamel Boukhalfa, Hamza Ouarnoughi, Laurent Lemarchand
2019 J jnl
J. Parallel Distributed Comput.
Zhu Wang, Jalil Boukhobza, Zili Shao
2019 B conf
MASCOTS
Jean-Emile Dartois, Jalil Boukhobza, Vincent Françoise, Olivier Barais
2018 C conf
FedCSIS
Amina Chikhaoui, Kamel Boukhalfa, Jalil Boukhobza
2018 Misc conf
SAC
Mohammed Islam Naas, Laurent Lemarchand, Jalil Boukhobza, Philippe Raipin Parvédy
2018 C conf
ICFEC
Mohammed Islam Naas, Jalil Boukhobza, Philippe Raipin Parvédy, Laurent Lemarchand
2018 J jnl
ACM Trans. Design Autom. Electr. Syst.
Jalil Boukhobza, Stéphane Rubini, Renhai Chen, Zili Shao
2018 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst.
Yahia Benmoussa, Eric Senn, Nicolas Derouineau, Nicolas Tizon, Jalil Boukhobza
2018 conf
NVMSA
Mohammed Bey Ahmed Khernache, Arezki Laga, Jalil Boukhobza
2018 C conf
CloudCom
Jean-Emile Dartois, Anas Knefati, Jalil Boukhobza, Olivier Barais
2017 B conf
CCGrid
Djillali Boukhelef, Kamel Boukhalfa, Jalil Boukhobza, Hamza Ouarnoughi, Laurent Lemarchand
2017 book
Jalil Boukhobza
2017 book
Jalil Boukhobza, Pierre Olivier
2017 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Computers
Arezki Laga, Jalil Boukhobza, Frank Singhoff, Michel Koskas
2017 C conf
ICFEC
Mohammed Islam Naas, Philippe Raipin Parvédy, Jalil Boukhobza, Laurent Lemarchand
2016 conf
DEXA (1)
Djillali Boukhelef, Jalil Boukhobza, Kamel Boukhalfa
2016 C conf
PDP
Hamza Ouarnoughi, Jalil Boukhobza, Frank Singhoff, Stéphane Rubini
2016 J jnl
ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst.
Pierre Olivier, Jalil Boukhobza, Eric Senn, Hamza Ouarnoughi
2016 conf
ISC Workshops
Mourad Bouache, John L. Glover III, Jalil Boukhobza
2016 J jnl
SIGBED Rev.
Hai Nam Tran, Frank Singhoff, Stéphane Rubini, Jalil Boukhobza
2016 conf
ISC Workshops
Hamza Ouarnoughi, Jalil Boukhobza, Frank Singhoff, Stéphane Rubini, Erwann Kassis
2016 conf
PATMOS
Yahia Benmoussa, Eric Senn, Nicolas Derouineau, Nicolas Tizon, Jalil Boukhobza
2016 J jnl
ACM SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev.
Hamza Ouarnoughi, Jalil Boukhobza, Frank Singhoff, Stéphane Rubini
2016 conf
NVMSA
Arezki Laga, Jalil Boukhobza, Michel Koskas, Frank Singhoff
2016 ed.
EWiLi
Jalil Boukhobza, Marco D. Santambrogio, Frank Singhoff
2015 J jnl
J. Syst. Archit.
Yahia Benmoussa, Jalil Boukhobza, Eric Senn, Yassine Hadjadj-Aoul, Djamel Benazzouz
2015 C conf
ETFA
Hai Nam Tran, Frank Singhoff, Stéphane Rubini, Jalil Boukhobza
2015 conf
EWiLi
Hai Nam Tran, Frank Singhoff, Stéphane Rubini, Jalil Boukhobza
2015 J jnl
J. Syst. Archit.
Jalil Boukhobza, Pierre Olivier, Stéphane Rubini, Laurent Lemarchand, Yassine Hadjadj-Aoul, Arezki Laga
2015 ed.
EWiLi
Jalil Boukhobza, Jean-Philippe Diguet, Pierre Ficheux, Frank Singhoff
2014 J jnl
Comput.
Jalil Boukhobza, Pierre Olivier, Stéphane Rubini
2014 conf
VALUETOOLS
Pierre Olivier, Jalil Boukhobza, Eric Senn, Mathieu Soula, Michelle Le Grand, Ismat Chaib Draa
2014 conf
REACTION
Hamza Ouarnoughi, Jalil Boukhobza, Frank Singhoff, Stéphane Rubini
2014 J jnl
SIGBED Rev.
Yahia Benmoussa, Jalil Boukhobza, Eric Senn, Yassine Hadjadj-Aoul, Djamel Benazzouz
2014 J jnl
SIGBED Rev.
Pierre Olivier, Jalil Boukhobza, Eric Senn
2014 C conf
EUC
Hai Nam Tran, Frank Singhoff, Stéphane Rubini, Jalil Boukhobza
2014 conf
EWiLi
Hai Nam Tran, Frank Singhoff, Stéphane Rubini, Jalil Boukhobza
2014 conf
EWiLi
Yahia Benmoussa, Jalil Boukhobza, Eric Senn, Djamel Benazzouz
2014 J jnl
SIGBED Rev.
Yahia Benmoussa, Jalil Boukhobza, Eric Senn, Djamel Benazzouz
2014 B conf
MASCOTS
Yahia Benmoussa, Eric Senn, Jalil Boukhobza, Mickael Lanoe, Djamel Benazzouz
2014 ed.
EWiLi
Jalil Boukhobza, Jean-Philippe Diguet, Pierre Ficheux, José Rufino, Frank Singhoff
2014 conf
EWiLi
Pierre Olivier, Jalil Boukhobza, Eric Senn
2014 J jnl
SIGBED Rev.
Pierre Olivier, Jalil Boukhobza, Eric Senn
2014 C conf
DOLAP
Cheikh Salmi, Abdelhakim Nacef, Ladjel Bellatreche, Jalil Boukhobza
2013 C conf
PDP
Jalil Boukhobza, Pierre Olivier, Stéphane Rubini
2013 J jnl
CoRR
Yahia Benmoussa, Jalil Boukhobza, Eric Senn, Djamel Benazzouz, Yassine Hadjadj-Aoul
2013 C conf
DSD
Yahia Benmoussa, Jalil Boukhobza, Eric Senn, Djamel Benazzouz
2013 J jnl
CoRR
Yahia Benmoussa, Jalil Boukhobza, Eric Senn, Djamel Benazzouz
2013 ch.
Data Intensive Storage Services for Cloud Environments
Jalil Boukhobza
2013 J jnl
CoRR
Pierre Olivier, Jalil Boukhobza, Eric Senn
2013 B conf
MASCOTS
Yahia Benmoussa, Jalil Boukhobza, Eric Senn, Djamel Benazzouz
2013 C conf
IDEAS
Ladjel Bellatreche, Salmi Cheikh, Sebastian Breß, Amira Kerkad, Ahcène Boukorca, Jalil Boukhobza
2013 J jnl
Des. Autom. Embed. Syst.
Hamza Ouarnoughi, Jalil Boukhobza, Pierre Olivier, Loïc Plassart, Ladjel Bellatreche
2013 J jnl
CoRR
Pierre Olivier, Jalil Boukhobza, Eric Senn
2013 J jnl
Tech. Sci. Informatiques
Pierre Olivier, Jalil Boukhobza
2012 J jnl
CoRR
Jalil Boukhobza, Pierre Olivier, Stéphane Rubini
2012 J jnl
CoRR
Pierre Olivier, Jalil Boukhobza
2012 conf
CSE
Stéphane Rubini, Jean-Philippe Babau, Jalil Boukhobza
2012 J jnl
SIGBED Rev.
Pierre Olivier, Jalil Boukhobza
2012 J jnl
CoRR
Yahia Benmoussa, Jalil Boukhobza, Yassine Hadjadj-Aoul, Loïc Lagadec, Djamel Benazzouz
2012 conf
CSE
Pierre Olivier, Jalil Boukhobza, Eric Senn
2012 J jnl
CoRR
Pierre Olivier, Jalil Boukhobza, Eric Senn
2012 J jnl
SIGBED Rev.
Pierre Olivier, Jalil Boukhobza, Eric Senn
2012 J jnl
CoRR
Pierre Olivier, Jalil Boukhobza, Eric Senn
2011 conf
DICTAP (2)
Jalil Boukhobza, Pierre Olivier
2011 C conf
MEDI
Jalil Boukhobza, Ilyes Khetib, Pierre Olivier
2010 J jnl
CoRR
Jalil Boukhobza, Claude Timsit
2006 conf
QEST
Jalil Boukhobza, Claude Timsit
2005 J jnl
Tech. Sci. Informatiques
Jalil Boukhobza, Claude Timsit
redb/extractors/apk_extractors/apk_signature.py
← Index redb/extractors/apk_extractors/apk_signature.py python
import hashlib
import inspect
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Any, Optional, Tuple

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.apk_extractor import APKExtractor
from redb.models.dataclasses import APKCertificate, APKCodeSigningInfo


# OID to RFC 4514 short name mapping
_OID_SHORT_NAMES = {
    '2.5.4.3': 'CN', '2.5.4.6': 'C', '2.5.4.7': 'L', '2.5.4.8': 'ST',
    '2.5.4.10': 'O', '2.5.4.11': 'OU', '1.2.840.113549.1.9.1': 'E',
    '2.5.4.5': 'SERIALNUMBER', '2.5.4.12': 'T', '2.5.4.42': 'GN',
    '2.5.4.4': 'SN', '2.5.4.9': 'STREET', '2.5.4.17': 'POSTALCODE',
}


def _asn1_name_to_rfc4514(name):
    """Convert an asn1crypto x509.Name to RFC 4514 string (CN=..., O=...)."""
    parts = []
    for rdn in name.chosen:
        for attr in rdn:
            oid = attr['type'].dotted
            val = attr['value'].native
            short = _OID_SHORT_NAMES.get(oid, oid)
            parts.append(f'{short}={val}')
    return ', '.join(parts)


class APKSignatureExtractor(APKExtractor):

    def __init__(
        self, filepath, log, exporters=None, index_prefix=None,
        known_benign=False, known_malicious=False,
        apk=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath, log, exporters, index_prefix,
            known_benign, known_malicious, apk,
        )
        self.signing_info = None
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

    def tag(self):
        return Tag.APK_SIGNATURE.value

    def _detect_signature_schemes(self):
        """Detect which APK signature schemes are present."""
        schemes = []
        try:
            if self.apk.is_signed_v1():
                schemes.append(1)
        except Exception:
            pass
        try:
            if self.apk.is_signed_v2():
                schemes.append(2)
        except Exception:
            pass
        try:
            if self.apk.is_signed_v3():
                schemes.append(3)
        except Exception:
            pass
        return schemes

    def _extract_certificate_info(self, cert, source_scheme=None):
        """Extract certificate details from an androguard certificate object."""
        try:
            # Subject and Issuer — asn1crypto doesn't have rfc4514_string, convert manually
            subject = _asn1_name_to_rfc4514(cert.subject)
            issuer = _asn1_name_to_rfc4514(cert.issuer)

            # Serial number
            serial = str(cert.serial_number)

            # Validity
            valid_from = cert.not_valid_before
            valid_to = cert.not_valid_after
            if isinstance(valid_from, datetime):
                valid_from = valid_from.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
            else:
                valid_from = str(valid_from)
            if isinstance(valid_to, datetime):
                valid_to = valid_to.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
            else:
                valid_to = str(valid_to)

            # Thumbprints
            cert_der = cert.dump()
            thumbprint_sha1 = hashlib.sha1(cert_der).hexdigest()
            thumbprint_sha256 = hashlib.sha256(cert_der).hexdigest()

            # Algorithm
            algorithm = None
            try:
                algorithm = cert.hash_algo
            except Exception:
                try:
                    algorithm = cert.signature_algo
                except Exception:
                    pass

            # Key size
            key_size = None
            try:
                pub_key = cert.public_key
                if hasattr(pub_key, 'bit_size'):
                    key_size = pub_key.bit_size
                elif hasattr(pub_key, 'key_size'):
                    key_size = pub_key.key_size
            except Exception:
                pass

            # Self-signed check
            is_self_signed = cert.subject == cert.issuer

            return APKCertificate(
                subject=subject,
                issuer=issuer,
                serial_number=serial,
                valid_from=valid_from,
                valid_to=valid_to,
                thumbprint_sha1=thumbprint_sha1,
                thumbprint_sha256=thumbprint_sha256,
                algorithm=algorithm,
                key_size=key_size,
                is_self_signed=is_self_signed,
                certificate_source_scheme=source_scheme,
            )
        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting certificate info: {e}")
            return None

    def _get_signer_certificate(self, schemes) -> Tuple[Optional[APKCertificate], Optional[str]]:
        """Identify the actual signer certificate using V3>V2>V1 priority.

        V2/V3: certificates[0] is the signer per spec.
        V1: androguard's get_certificate() does SignerInfo matching internally.

        Returns (signer_cert_info, source_scheme) or (None, None).
        """
        # V3 takes priority (Android 9+)
        if 3 in schemes:
            try:
                certs = self.apk.get_certificates_v3()
                if certs:
                    cert_info = self._extract_certificate_info(certs[0], source_scheme='v3')
                    if cert_info:
                        return cert_info, 'v3'
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.debug(f"V3 signer extraction failed: {e}")

        # V2 next (Android 7.0+)
        if 2 in schemes:
            try:
                certs = self.apk.get_certificates_v2()
                if certs:
                    cert_info = self._extract_certificate_info(certs[0], source_scheme='v2')
                    if cert_info:
                        return cert_info, 'v2'
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.debug(f"V2 signer extraction failed: {e}")

        # V1 fallback — androguard does SignerInfo.issuerAndSerialNumber matching
        if 1 in schemes:
            try:
                names = self.apk.get_signature_names()
                if names:
                    cert = self.apk.get_certificate(names[0])
                    if cert:
                        cert_info = self._extract_certificate_info(cert, source_scheme='v1')
                        if cert_info:
                            return cert_info, 'v1'
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.debug(f"V1 signer extraction failed: {e}")

        return None, None

    def _extract_all_certificates(self, schemes):
        """Extract all certificates with their source scheme tracked.

        Uses scheme-specific methods to preserve source information,
        deduplicating by thumbprint_sha1 and merging source schemes.
        """
        # cert thumbprint -> (APKCertificate, set of source schemes)
        seen = {}

        for scheme_num, method_name in [
            (3, 'get_certificates_v3'),
            (2, 'get_certificates_v2'),
            (1, 'get_certificates_v1'),
        ]:
            if scheme_num not in schemes:
                continue
            try:
                method = getattr(self.apk, method_name, None)
                if method is None:
                    continue
                certs = method()
                if not certs:
                    continue
                for cert in certs:
                    cert_info = self._extract_certificate_info(cert, source_scheme=f'v{scheme_num}')
                    if cert_info:
                        key = cert_info.thumbprint_sha1
                        if key in seen:
                            # Merge source schemes
                            existing_cert, existing_schemes = seen[key]
                            existing_schemes.add(f'v{scheme_num}')
                        else:
                            seen[key] = (cert_info, {f'v{scheme_num}'})
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.warning(f"Error extracting v{scheme_num} certificates: {e}")

        # Build final list with merged source schemes
        result = []
        for cert_info, source_schemes in seen.values():
            cert_info.certificate_source_scheme = ','.join(sorted(source_schemes))
            result.append(cert_info)

        return result

    def extract(self):
        if not self._is_valid_apk():
            self.log.error(f"Invalid APK for {self.hash.sha256}")
            return None

        schemes = self._detect_signature_schemes()
        is_signed = len(schemes) > 0

        # Extract all certificates with source scheme tracking
        certificates = self._extract_all_certificates(schemes)

        # Identify the actual signer using V3>V2>V1 priority
        signer_cert, signer_scheme = self._get_signer_certificate(schemes)

        apk_signer_subject = signer_cert.subject if signer_cert else None
        apk_signer_issuer = signer_cert.issuer if signer_cert else None

        self.signing_info = APKCodeSigningInfo(
            _id=self.sha256,
            is_signed=is_signed,
            signature_scheme_versions=schemes,
            number_of_certificates=len(certificates),
            x509_certificates=certificates if certificates else None,
            apk_signer_subject=apk_signer_subject,
            apk_signer_issuer=apk_signer_issuer,
        )
        return self.signing_info

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        if exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            if not self.signing_info:
                return None

            current_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
            sig = self.signing_info

            # Signature summary table
            signature_data = [[
                self.sha256,
                int(sig.is_signed),
                sig.signature_scheme_versions,
                sig.number_of_certificates,
                sig.apk_signer_subject,
                sig.apk_signer_issuer,
                current_time,
            ]]

            # Certificates table (one row per certificate)
            certificates_data = []
            if sig.x509_certificates:
                for cert in sig.x509_certificates:
                    certificates_data.append([
                        self.sha256,
                        cert.subject,
                        cert.issuer,
                        cert.serial_number,
                        datetime.strptime(cert.valid_from, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") if cert.valid_from else None,
                        datetime.strptime(cert.valid_to, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") if cert.valid_to else None,
                        cert.thumbprint_sha1,
                        cert.algorithm,
                        cert.key_size,
                        int(cert.is_self_signed),
                        cert.certificate_source_scheme,
                        current_time,
                    ])

            return {
                'multi_table': True,
                'signature': {
                    'table': 'redb_apk_signature',
                    'data': signature_data,
                    'column_names': [
                        'sha256',
                        'is_signed', 'signature_scheme_versions',
                        'number_of_certificates',
                        'apk_signer_subject', 'apk_signer_issuer',
                        'analysis_date',
                    ],
                    'column_type_names': [
                        'FixedString(64)',
                        'UInt8', 'Array(UInt8)',
                        'UInt8',
                        'Nullable(String)', 'Nullable(String)',
                        "DateTime64(3, 'UTC')",
                    ],
                },
                'certificates': {
                    'table': 'redb_apk_certificates',
                    'data': certificates_data,
                    'column_names': [
                        'sha256', 'certificate_subject', 'certificate_issuer',
                        'certificate_serial_number',
                        'certificate_valid_from', 'certificate_valid_to',
                        'certificate_thumbprint',
                        'certificate_algorithm', 'key_size', 'is_self_signed',
                        'certificate_source_scheme',
                        'analysis_date',
                    ],
                    'column_type_names': [
                        'FixedString(64)', 'String', 'String', 'String',
                        "DateTime64(3, 'UTC')", "DateTime64(3, 'UTC')",
                        'FixedString(40)',
                        'LowCardinality(String)', 'Nullable(UInt16)', 'UInt8',
                        'LowCardinality(String)',
                        "DateTime64(3, 'UTC')",
                    ],
                },
            }

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        return "redb_apk_signature"