Jalil Ali

19 papers Journal 9Unranked 10
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2021 conf
TCCE
Sheikh Hussain Shaikh Salleh, Fuad Noman, Hadri Hussain, Chee-Ming Ting, Syed Rasul Bin G. Syed Hamid, Hadrina Sh-Hussain, Muhammad Arif Jalil, Ahmad Zubaidi Abdul Latif, Syed Zuhaib Haider Rizvi, Kuryati Kipli, Kavikumar Jacob, Kanad Ray, M. Shamim Kaiser, Mufti Mahmud, Jalil Ali
2021 conf
TCCE
Sh-Hussain Salleh, Fuad Noman, Hadri Hussain, Chee-Ming Ting, Syed Rasul Bin G. Syed Hamid, Hadrina Sh-Hussain, Muhammad Arif Jalil, A. L. Ahmad Zubaidi, Syed Zuhaib Haider Rizvi, Kuryati Kipli, Kavikumar Jacob, Kanad Ray, M. Shamim Kaiser, Mufti Mahmud, Jalil Ali
2021 J jnl
Int. J. Ambient Comput. Intell.
Raghvendra Singh, Kanad Ray, Preecha P. Yupapin, Jalil Ali
2021 conf
TCCE
S. K. Vijay, Muhammad Arif Jalil, B. H. Ahmad, Kanad Ray, Preecha P. Yupapin, Syed Zuhaib Haider Rizvi, K. K. Jacob, A. Bandyopadhyay, Kuryati Kipli, Jalil Ali
2021 conf
TCCE
Anita Garhwal, Muhammad Arif Jalil, Mufti Mahmud, M. Shamim Kaiser, Kanad Ray, Preecha P. Yupapin, Prakasit Prabpal, Syed Zuhaib Haider Rizvi, Kavikumar Jacob, Anirban Bandyopadhyay, Jalil Ali
2021 conf
AII
Hadri Hussain, W. S. N. A. Wan Abd Aziz, Chee-Ming Ting, Fuad M. Noman, Ahmad Zubaidi Abdul Latif, S. Balqis Samdin, Hadrina Sh, Muhammad Arif Jalil, Yusmeera Yusoff, Kavikumar Jacob, Kanad Ray, M. Shamim Kaiser, Sheikh Hussain Shaikh Salleh, Jalil Ali
2021 conf
BI
Hadri Hussain, Chee-Ming Ting, Muhammad Arif Jalil, Kanad Ray, Syed Zuhaib Haider Rizvi, Jacob Kavikumar, Fuad M. Noman, Ahmad Zubaidi Ahmad Zubaidi, Yin Fen Low, Sh-Hussain, Mufti Mahmud, M. Shamim Kaiser, Jalil Ali
2021 conf
AII
Sheikh Hussain Shaikh Salleh, Fuad M. Noman, Chee-Ming Ting, Syed Rasul Bin G. Syed Hamid, Siti Hadrina Bt Sheikh Hussain, Muhammad Arif Jalil, Ahmad Zubaidi Abdul Latif, Kavikumar Jacob, Kanad Ray, M. Shamim Kaiser, Jalil Ali
2019 J jnl
Biosyst.
Roman R. Poznanski, Lleuvelyn A. Cacha, Ahmad Zubaidi Abdul Latif, Sheikh Hussain Salleh, Jalil Ali, Preecha P. Yupapin, Jack Adam Tuszynski, Tengku M. Ariff
2018 J jnl
Nano Commun. Networks
Phichai Youplao, N. Pornsuwancharoen, Iraj Sadegh Amiri, Muhammad Arif Jalil, Muhammad Safwan Aziz, Jalil Ali, G. Singh, Preecha P. Yupapin, K. T. V. Grattan
2015 conf
ICUWB
Anna Mazhorova, Sze-Ping Ho, Matteo Clerici, Marco Peccianti, Alessia Pasquazi, Luca Razzari, Jalil Ali, Roberto Morandotti
2015 conf
3PGCIC
Toto Saktioto, Dedi Irawan, Sofia Anita, Jalil Ali
2014 J jnl
Sensors
Mahdi Bahadoran, Ahmad Fakhrurrazi Ahmad Noorden, Kashif Chaudhary, Faeze Sadat Mohajer, Muhammad Safwan Aziz, Shahrin Hashim, Jalil Ali, Preecha P. Yupapin
2013 J jnl
Secur. Commun. Networks
Iraj Sadegh Amiri, Mehrnaz Nikmaram, Ali Shahidinejad, Jalil Ali
2012 J jnl
IET Commun.
Iraj Sadegh Amiri, R. Ahsan, Ali Shahidinejad, Jalil Ali, Preecha P. Yupapin
2010 J jnl
Nano Commun. Networks
Muhammad Arif Jalil, Bunjong Piyatamrong, Somsak Mitatha, Jalil Ali, Preecha P. Yupapin
2010 J jnl
Circuits Syst.
Preecha P. Yupapin, Muhammad Arif Jalil, Iraj Sadegh Amiri, I. Naim, Jalil Ali
2009 conf
Asia International Conference on Modelling and Simulation
Saktioto, Jalil Ali, Mohammed Fadhali
2009 J jnl
Microelectron. J.
Ho Sze Phing, Jalil Ali, Rosly Abdul Rahman, Saktioto
redb/extractors/apk_extractors/apk_signature.py
← Index redb/extractors/apk_extractors/apk_signature.py python
import hashlib
import inspect
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Any, Optional, Tuple

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.apk_extractor import APKExtractor
from redb.models.dataclasses import APKCertificate, APKCodeSigningInfo


# OID to RFC 4514 short name mapping
_OID_SHORT_NAMES = {
    '2.5.4.3': 'CN', '2.5.4.6': 'C', '2.5.4.7': 'L', '2.5.4.8': 'ST',
    '2.5.4.10': 'O', '2.5.4.11': 'OU', '1.2.840.113549.1.9.1': 'E',
    '2.5.4.5': 'SERIALNUMBER', '2.5.4.12': 'T', '2.5.4.42': 'GN',
    '2.5.4.4': 'SN', '2.5.4.9': 'STREET', '2.5.4.17': 'POSTALCODE',
}


def _asn1_name_to_rfc4514(name):
    """Convert an asn1crypto x509.Name to RFC 4514 string (CN=..., O=...)."""
    parts = []
    for rdn in name.chosen:
        for attr in rdn:
            oid = attr['type'].dotted
            val = attr['value'].native
            short = _OID_SHORT_NAMES.get(oid, oid)
            parts.append(f'{short}={val}')
    return ', '.join(parts)


class APKSignatureExtractor(APKExtractor):

    def __init__(
        self, filepath, log, exporters=None, index_prefix=None,
        known_benign=False, known_malicious=False,
        apk=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath, log, exporters, index_prefix,
            known_benign, known_malicious, apk,
        )
        self.signing_info = None
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

    def tag(self):
        return Tag.APK_SIGNATURE.value

    def _detect_signature_schemes(self):
        """Detect which APK signature schemes are present."""
        schemes = []
        try:
            if self.apk.is_signed_v1():
                schemes.append(1)
        except Exception:
            pass
        try:
            if self.apk.is_signed_v2():
                schemes.append(2)
        except Exception:
            pass
        try:
            if self.apk.is_signed_v3():
                schemes.append(3)
        except Exception:
            pass
        return schemes

    def _extract_certificate_info(self, cert, source_scheme=None):
        """Extract certificate details from an androguard certificate object."""
        try:
            # Subject and Issuer — asn1crypto doesn't have rfc4514_string, convert manually
            subject = _asn1_name_to_rfc4514(cert.subject)
            issuer = _asn1_name_to_rfc4514(cert.issuer)

            # Serial number
            serial = str(cert.serial_number)

            # Validity
            valid_from = cert.not_valid_before
            valid_to = cert.not_valid_after
            if isinstance(valid_from, datetime):
                valid_from = valid_from.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
            else:
                valid_from = str(valid_from)
            if isinstance(valid_to, datetime):
                valid_to = valid_to.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
            else:
                valid_to = str(valid_to)

            # Thumbprints
            cert_der = cert.dump()
            thumbprint_sha1 = hashlib.sha1(cert_der).hexdigest()
            thumbprint_sha256 = hashlib.sha256(cert_der).hexdigest()

            # Algorithm
            algorithm = None
            try:
                algorithm = cert.hash_algo
            except Exception:
                try:
                    algorithm = cert.signature_algo
                except Exception:
                    pass

            # Key size
            key_size = None
            try:
                pub_key = cert.public_key
                if hasattr(pub_key, 'bit_size'):
                    key_size = pub_key.bit_size
                elif hasattr(pub_key, 'key_size'):
                    key_size = pub_key.key_size
            except Exception:
                pass

            # Self-signed check
            is_self_signed = cert.subject == cert.issuer

            return APKCertificate(
                subject=subject,
                issuer=issuer,
                serial_number=serial,
                valid_from=valid_from,
                valid_to=valid_to,
                thumbprint_sha1=thumbprint_sha1,
                thumbprint_sha256=thumbprint_sha256,
                algorithm=algorithm,
                key_size=key_size,
                is_self_signed=is_self_signed,
                certificate_source_scheme=source_scheme,
            )
        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting certificate info: {e}")
            return None

    def _get_signer_certificate(self, schemes) -> Tuple[Optional[APKCertificate], Optional[str]]:
        """Identify the actual signer certificate using V3>V2>V1 priority.

        V2/V3: certificates[0] is the signer per spec.
        V1: androguard's get_certificate() does SignerInfo matching internally.

        Returns (signer_cert_info, source_scheme) or (None, None).
        """
        # V3 takes priority (Android 9+)
        if 3 in schemes:
            try:
                certs = self.apk.get_certificates_v3()
                if certs:
                    cert_info = self._extract_certificate_info(certs[0], source_scheme='v3')
                    if cert_info:
                        return cert_info, 'v3'
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.debug(f"V3 signer extraction failed: {e}")

        # V2 next (Android 7.0+)
        if 2 in schemes:
            try:
                certs = self.apk.get_certificates_v2()
                if certs:
                    cert_info = self._extract_certificate_info(certs[0], source_scheme='v2')
                    if cert_info:
                        return cert_info, 'v2'
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.debug(f"V2 signer extraction failed: {e}")

        # V1 fallback — androguard does SignerInfo.issuerAndSerialNumber matching
        if 1 in schemes:
            try:
                names = self.apk.get_signature_names()
                if names:
                    cert = self.apk.get_certificate(names[0])
                    if cert:
                        cert_info = self._extract_certificate_info(cert, source_scheme='v1')
                        if cert_info:
                            return cert_info, 'v1'
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.debug(f"V1 signer extraction failed: {e}")

        return None, None

    def _extract_all_certificates(self, schemes):
        """Extract all certificates with their source scheme tracked.

        Uses scheme-specific methods to preserve source information,
        deduplicating by thumbprint_sha1 and merging source schemes.
        """
        # cert thumbprint -> (APKCertificate, set of source schemes)
        seen = {}

        for scheme_num, method_name in [
            (3, 'get_certificates_v3'),
            (2, 'get_certificates_v2'),
            (1, 'get_certificates_v1'),
        ]:
            if scheme_num not in schemes:
                continue
            try:
                method = getattr(self.apk, method_name, None)
                if method is None:
                    continue
                certs = method()
                if not certs:
                    continue
                for cert in certs:
                    cert_info = self._extract_certificate_info(cert, source_scheme=f'v{scheme_num}')
                    if cert_info:
                        key = cert_info.thumbprint_sha1
                        if key in seen:
                            # Merge source schemes
                            existing_cert, existing_schemes = seen[key]
                            existing_schemes.add(f'v{scheme_num}')
                        else:
                            seen[key] = (cert_info, {f'v{scheme_num}'})
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.warning(f"Error extracting v{scheme_num} certificates: {e}")

        # Build final list with merged source schemes
        result = []
        for cert_info, source_schemes in seen.values():
            cert_info.certificate_source_scheme = ','.join(sorted(source_schemes))
            result.append(cert_info)

        return result

    def extract(self):
        if not self._is_valid_apk():
            self.log.error(f"Invalid APK for {self.hash.sha256}")
            return None

        schemes = self._detect_signature_schemes()
        is_signed = len(schemes) > 0

        # Extract all certificates with source scheme tracking
        certificates = self._extract_all_certificates(schemes)

        # Identify the actual signer using V3>V2>V1 priority
        signer_cert, signer_scheme = self._get_signer_certificate(schemes)

        apk_signer_subject = signer_cert.subject if signer_cert else None
        apk_signer_issuer = signer_cert.issuer if signer_cert else None

        self.signing_info = APKCodeSigningInfo(
            _id=self.sha256,
            is_signed=is_signed,
            signature_scheme_versions=schemes,
            number_of_certificates=len(certificates),
            x509_certificates=certificates if certificates else None,
            apk_signer_subject=apk_signer_subject,
            apk_signer_issuer=apk_signer_issuer,
        )
        return self.signing_info

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        if exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            if not self.signing_info:
                return None

            current_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
            sig = self.signing_info

            # Signature summary table
            signature_data = [[
                self.sha256,
                int(sig.is_signed),
                sig.signature_scheme_versions,
                sig.number_of_certificates,
                sig.apk_signer_subject,
                sig.apk_signer_issuer,
                current_time,
            ]]

            # Certificates table (one row per certificate)
            certificates_data = []
            if sig.x509_certificates:
                for cert in sig.x509_certificates:
                    certificates_data.append([
                        self.sha256,
                        cert.subject,
                        cert.issuer,
                        cert.serial_number,
                        datetime.strptime(cert.valid_from, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") if cert.valid_from else None,
                        datetime.strptime(cert.valid_to, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") if cert.valid_to else None,
                        cert.thumbprint_sha1,
                        cert.algorithm,
                        cert.key_size,
                        int(cert.is_self_signed),
                        cert.certificate_source_scheme,
                        current_time,
                    ])

            return {
                'multi_table': True,
                'signature': {
                    'table': 'redb_apk_signature',
                    'data': signature_data,
                    'column_names': [
                        'sha256',
                        'is_signed', 'signature_scheme_versions',
                        'number_of_certificates',
                        'apk_signer_subject', 'apk_signer_issuer',
                        'analysis_date',
                    ],
                    'column_type_names': [
                        'FixedString(64)',
                        'UInt8', 'Array(UInt8)',
                        'UInt8',
                        'Nullable(String)', 'Nullable(String)',
                        "DateTime64(3, 'UTC')",
                    ],
                },
                'certificates': {
                    'table': 'redb_apk_certificates',
                    'data': certificates_data,
                    'column_names': [
                        'sha256', 'certificate_subject', 'certificate_issuer',
                        'certificate_serial_number',
                        'certificate_valid_from', 'certificate_valid_to',
                        'certificate_thumbprint',
                        'certificate_algorithm', 'key_size', 'is_self_signed',
                        'certificate_source_scheme',
                        'analysis_date',
                    ],
                    'column_type_names': [
                        'FixedString(64)', 'String', 'String', 'String',
                        "DateTime64(3, 'UTC')", "DateTime64(3, 'UTC')",
                        'FixedString(40)',
                        'LowCardinality(String)', 'Nullable(UInt16)', 'UInt8',
                        'LowCardinality(String)',
                        "DateTime64(3, 'UTC')",
                    ],
                },
            }

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        return "redb_apk_signature"