Jagdish C. Patra

26 papers B 10Misc 1Journal 11Unranked 4
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2024 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics
Ravindra V. Savangouder, Jagdish C. Patra, Suresh Palanisamy
2022 J jnl
Multim. Tools Appl.
Amirhossein Peyvandi, Babak Majidi, Soodeh Peyvandi, Jagdish C. Patra, Behzad Moshiri
2022 J jnl
Multim. Tools Appl.
Amirhossein Peyvandi, Babak Majidi, Soodeh Peyvandi, Jagdish C. Patra
2021 B conf
SMC
Ravindra V. Savangouder, Jagdish C. Patra
2021 J jnl
New Gener. Comput.
Amirhossein Peyvandi, Babak Majidi, Soodeh Peyvandi, Jagdish C. Patra
2021 B conf
SMC
Ravindra V. Savangouder, Jagdish C. Patra
2021 conf
ICONIP (4)
Ravindra V. Savangouder, Jagdish C. Patra, Suresh Palanisamy
2021 B conf
CEC
Ravindra V. Savangouder, Jagdish C. Patra, Suresh Palanisamy
2021 B conf
IJCNN
Ravindra V. Savangouder, Jagdish C. Patra, Suresh Palanisamy
2021 J jnl
Multim. Tools Appl.
Pouria Khanzadi, Babak Majidi, Sepideh Adabi, Jagdish C. Patra, Ali Movaghar
2020 J jnl
Multim. Tools Appl.
Ehsan Akhtarkavan, Babak Majidi, M. F. M. Salleh, Jagdish C. Patra
2019 conf
ICONIP (5)
Ravindra V. Savangouder, Jagdish C. Patra, Cédric Bornand
2019 conf
ICONIP (5)
Ravindra V. Savangouder, Jagdish C. Patra, Cédric Bornand
2018 J jnl
Swarm Evol. Comput.
Loau Tawfak Al Bahrani, Jagdish C. Patra
2018 B conf
IJCNN
Loau Tawfak Al Bahrani, Jagdish C. Patra, Alex Stojcevski
2017 J jnl
Appl. Soft Comput.
Loau Tawfak Al Bahrani, Jagdish C. Patra
2016 B conf
IJCNN
Loau Tawfak Al Bahrani, Jagdish C. Patra, Ryszard Kowalczyk
2015 B conf
SMC
Loau Tawfak Al Bahrani, Jagdish C. Patra
2015 B conf
IJCNN
Loau Tawfak Al Bahrani, Jagdish C. Patra
2015 B conf
IJCNN
Jagdish C. Patra, Chiara Modanese, Maurizio Acciarri
2014 J jnl
Digit. Signal Process.
Babak Majidi, Jagdish C. Patra, Jinchuan Zheng
2012 conf
ISPACS
Banani Patra, Jagdish C. Patra
2012 Misc conf
ICASSP
Banani Patra, Jagdish C. Patra
2004 B conf
IJCNN
Di Wang, Narendra S. Chaudhari, Jagdish C. Patra
2004 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B
Jagdish C. Patra, Alex C. Kot
1995 J jnl
Signal Process.
Jagdish C. Patra, Ranendra N. Pal
redb/extractors/elf_extractors/elf_imports.py
← Index redb/extractors/elf_extractors/elf_imports.py python
import inspect
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Any, List, Set

from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
from elftools.common.exceptions import ELFError

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.elf_extractor import ELFExtractor
from redb.models.dataclasses import ELFImport


class ELFImportExtractor(ELFExtractor):

    def __init__(
        self,
        filepath,
        log,
        exporters=None,
        index_prefix=None,
        elastic_index=None,
        known_benign=False,
        known_malicious=False,
        elf=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath,
            log,
            exporters,
            index_prefix,
            elastic_index,
            known_benign,
            known_malicious,
            elf,
        )
        self.elf_imports = None
        self.elastic_index = self.index_prefix + "-elf_imports"
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

    def _get_import_libraries(self, elf) -> List[str]:
        """Extract imported libraries from dynamic section."""
        libraries = []

        try:
            # Get the dynamic section
            dynamic_section = elf.get_section_by_name('.dynamic')
            if not dynamic_section:
                return libraries

            # Extract DT_NEEDED entries (required libraries)
            for tag in dynamic_section.iter_tags():
                if tag.entry.d_tag == 'DT_NEEDED':
                    libraries.append(tag.needed)

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting import libraries: {e}")

        return libraries

    def _get_imported_functions_from_symbols(self, elf) -> Set[str]:
        """Extract imported functions from dynamic symbol table."""
        imported_functions = set()

        try:
            # Get the dynamic symbol table
            dynsym_section = elf.get_section_by_name('.dynsym')
            if not dynsym_section or not hasattr(dynsym_section, 'iter_symbols'):
                return imported_functions

            # Look for undefined symbols (imports)
            for symbol in dynsym_section.iter_symbols():
                # Check if symbol is undefined (imported)
                if (symbol.entry.get('st_shndx', 0) == 'SHN_UNDEF' and
                    symbol.name and
                    symbol.entry.get('st_info', {}).get('bind') in ['STB_GLOBAL', 'STB_WEAK']):
                    imported_functions.add(symbol.name)

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting imported functions from symbols: {e}")

        return imported_functions

    def _get_imported_functions_from_relocations(self, elf) -> Set[str]:
        """Extract imported functions from relocation sections."""
        imported_functions = set()

        try:
            # Look through relocation sections
            for section in elf.iter_sections():
                if hasattr(section, 'iter_relocations'):
                    try:
                        for relocation in section.iter_relocations():
                            # Get symbol associated with relocation
                            if hasattr(relocation, 'symbol') and relocation.symbol:
                                symbol_name = relocation.symbol.name
                                if symbol_name:
                                    imported_functions.add(symbol_name)
                    except Exception as e:
                        self.log.debug(f"Could not process relocations in section {section.name}: {e}")

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting imported functions from relocations: {e}")

        return imported_functions

    def _get_plt_functions(self, elf) -> Set[str]:
        """Extract functions from PLT (Procedure Linkage Table) sections."""
        plt_functions = set()

        try:
            # Look for PLT-related sections
            plt_sections = ['.plt', '.plt.got', '.plt.sec']

            for section_name in plt_sections:
                section = elf.get_section_by_name(section_name)
                if section:
                    # PLT functions are typically associated with relocations
                    # We'll get them from the relocation analysis
                    pass

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting PLT functions: {e}")

        return plt_functions

    def tag(self):
        return Tag.ELF_IMPORTS.value if hasattr(Tag, 'ELF_IMPORTS') else "elf_imports"

    def extract(self):
        try:
            self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

            def extract_data(elf):
                # Extract import libraries
                import_libraries = self._get_import_libraries(elf)

                # Extract imported functions from multiple sources
                imported_functions = set()

                # From dynamic symbols
                symbol_imports = self._get_imported_functions_from_symbols(elf)
                imported_functions.update(symbol_imports)

                # From relocations
                relocation_imports = self._get_imported_functions_from_relocations(elf)
                imported_functions.update(relocation_imports)

                # From PLT
                plt_imports = self._get_plt_functions(elf)
                imported_functions.update(plt_imports)

                # Convert to sorted lists for consistent output
                import_libraries_list = sorted(list(set(import_libraries)))
                import_functions_list = sorted(list(imported_functions))

                # Return ELFImport dataclass
                return ELFImport(
                    elf_imports_total=len(import_functions_list),
                    elf_import_libraries=import_libraries_list,
                    elf_import_functions=import_functions_list,
                )

            if not self._is_elf_file():
                return None

            result = self._with_elf_file(extract_data)
            if result is None:
                return None

            self.elf_imports = result
            return self.elf_imports

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting ELF imports {self.hash.sha256}: {e}")
            return None

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

        if exporter_type == "ElasticsearchExporter":
            return self.elf_imports
        elif exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            try:
                if not self.elf_imports:
                    return None

                # Prepare data array
                data = [[
                    self.sha256,
                    self.md5,
                    self.sha1,
                    self.elf_imports.elf_imports_total,
                    self.elf_imports.elf_import_libraries,
                    self.elf_imports.elf_import_functions,
                    datetime.now(timezone.utc)
                ]]

                column_names = [
                    'sha256', 'md5', 'sha1',
                    'elf_imports_total',
                    'elf_import_libraries',
                    'elf_import_functions',
                    'analysis_date'
                ]

                column_type_names = [
                    'FixedString(64)', 'FixedString(32)', 'FixedString(40)',
                    'UInt32',
                    'Array(LowCardinality(String))',
                    'Array(LowCardinality(String))',
                    'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')'
                ]

                if not data:
                    return None

                return (data, column_names, column_type_names)

            except Exception as e:
                self.log.error(f"Error preparing export data: {e}")
                raise

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        return "redb_elf_imports"