J. Alex Halderman

98 papers A* 33A 10B 1C 4Journal 20Unranked 29
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2025 J jnl
Oper. Res.
Braden L. Crimmins, J. Alex Halderman, Bradley Sturt
2025 J jnl
Commun. ACM
Diwen Xue, Reethika Ramesh, Arham Jain, Michalis Kallitsis, J. Alex Halderman, Jedidiah R. Crandall, Roya Ensafi
2024 A* conf
USENIX Security Symposium
Braden L. Crimmins, Dhanya Narayanan, Drew Springall, J. Alex Halderman
2024 J jnl
CoRR
Diwen Xue, Reethika Ramesh, Arham Jain, Michalis Kallitsis, J. Alex Halderman, Jedidiah R. Crandall, Roya Ensafi
2024 A conf
IMC
Zakir Durumeric, David Adrian, Phillip Stephens, Eric Wustrow, J. Alex Halderman
2024 J jnl
CoRR
Zakir Durumeric, David Adrian, Phillip Stephens, Eric Wustrow, J. Alex Halderman
2023 J jnl
CoRR
Braden L. Crimmins, J. Alex Halderman, Bradley Sturt
2023 J jnl
CoRR
Erik Chi, Gaukas Wang, J. Alex Halderman, Eric Wustrow, Jack Wampler
2022 conf
E-Vote-ID
Josiah Walker, Nakul Bajaj, Braden L. Crimmins, J. Alex Halderman
2022 J jnl
CoRR
Josiah Walker, Nakul Bajaj, Braden L. Crimmins, J. Alex Halderman
2022 A* conf
USENIX Security Symposium
Diwen Xue, Reethika Ramesh, Arham Jain, Michalis Kallitsis, J. Alex Halderman, Jedidiah R. Crandall, Roya Ensafi
2022 conf
Financial Cryptography Workshops
Braden L. Crimmins, Marshall Rhea, J. Alex Halderman
2022 A* conf
USENIX Security Symposium
J. Alex Halderman
2021 J jnl
CoRR
Edward C. Schrom II, Ann Kinzig, Stephanie Forrest, Andrea L. Graham, Simon A. Levin, Carl T. Bergstrom, Carlos Castillo-Chavez, James P. Collins, Rob J. De Boer, Adam Doupé, Roya Ensafi, Stuart I. Feldman, Bryan T. Grenfell, J. Alex Halderman, Silvie Huijben, Carlo C. Maley, Melanie E. Moses, Alan S. Perelson, Charles Perrings, Joshua B. Plotkin, Jennifer Rexford, Mohit Tiwari
2021 conf
E-VOTE-ID
Sameer Barretto, William Chown, David Meyer, Aditya Soni, Atreya Tata, J. Alex Halderman
2021 J jnl
CoRR
Braden L. Crimmins, Marshall Rhea, J. Alex Halderman
2021 A* conf
USENIX Security Symposium
Michael A. Specter, J. Alex Halderman
2020 A* conf
SP
Matthew Bernhard, Allison McDonald, Henry Meng, Jensen Hwa, Nakul Bajaj, Kevin Chang, J. Alex Halderman
2020 conf
SIGMETRICS (Abstracts)
Pengxiong Zhu, Keyu Man, Zhongjie Wang, Zhiyun Qian, Roya Ensafi, J. Alex Halderman, Hai-Xin Duan
2020 J jnl
Proc. ACM Meas. Anal. Comput. Syst.
Pengxiong Zhu, Keyu Man, Zhongjie Wang, Zhiyun Qian, Roya Ensafi, J. Alex Halderman, Hai-Xin Duan
2020 A conf
Internet Measurement Conference
Ram Sundara Raman, Leonid Evdokimov, Eric Wustrow, J. Alex Halderman, Roya Ensafi
2020 J jnl
Proc. Priv. Enhancing Technol.
Benjamin VanderSloot, Sergey Frolov, Jack Wampler, Sze Chuen Tan, Irv Simpson, Michalis Kallitsis, J. Alex Halderman, Nikita Borisov, Eric Wustrow
2019 conf
Financial Cryptography Workshops
Kellie Ottoboni, Matthew Bernhard, J. Alex Halderman, Ronald L. Rivest, Philip B. Stark
2019 A* conf
CCS
Sergey Frolov, Jack Wampler, Sze Chuen Tan, J. Alex Halderman, Nikita Borisov, Eric Wustrow
2019 J jnl
Commun. ACM
David Adrian, Karthikeyan Bhargavan, Zakir Durumeric, Pierrick Gaudry, Matthew Green, J. Alex Halderman, Nadia Heninger, Drew Springall, Emmanuel Thomé, Luke Valenta, Benjamin VanderSloot, Eric Wustrow, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin, Paul Zimmermann
2019 A* conf
CCS
Josh Aas, Richard Barnes, Benton Case, Zakir Durumeric, Peter Eckersley, Alan Flores-López, J. Alex Halderman, Jacob Hoffman-Andrews, James Kasten, Eric Rescorla, Seth D. Schoen, Brad Warren
2019 A* conf
CHI
Matthew Bernhard, Jonathan Sharman, Claudia Ziegler Acemyan, Philip T. Kortum, Dan S. Wallach, J. Alex Halderman
2019 conf
E-VOTE-ID
Matthew Bernhard, Kartikeya Kandula, Jeremy Wink, J. Alex Halderman
2018 A conf
Internet Measurement Conference
Allison McDonald, Matthew Bernhard, Luke Valenta, Benjamin VanderSloot, Will Scott, Nick Sullivan, J. Alex Halderman, Roya Ensafi
2018 conf
ANRW
Sergey Frolov, Eric Wustrow, Frederick Douglas, Will Scott, Allison McDonald, Benjamin VanderSloot, Rod Hynes, Adam Kruger, Michalis Kallitsis, David G. Robinson, Steve Schultze, Nikita Borisov, J. Alex Halderman
2018 A* conf
USENIX Security Symposium
Benjamin VanderSloot, Allison McDonald, Will Scott, J. Alex Halderman, Roya Ensafi
2018 A* conf
IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Deepak Kumar, Zhengping Wang, Matthew Hyder, Joseph Dickinson, Gabrielle Beck, David Adrian, Joshua Mason, Zakir Durumeric, J. Alex Halderman, Michael D. Bailey
2017 conf
FOCI @ USENIX Security Symposium
Sergey Frolov, Frederick Douglas, Will Scott, Allison McDonald, Benjamin VanderSloot, Rod Hynes, Adam Kruger, Michalis Kallitsis, David G. Robinson, Steve Schultze, Nikita Borisov, J. Alex Halderman, Eric Wustrow
2017 A conf
Internet Measurement Conference
Eduardo E. P. Pujol, Will Scott, Eric Wustrow, J. Alex Halderman
2017 A* conf
NDSS
Luke Valenta, David Adrian, Antonio Sanso, Shaanan Cohney, Joshua Fried, Marcella Hastings, J. Alex Halderman, Nadia Heninger
2017 conf
E-VOTE-ID
Matthew Bernhard, Josh Benaloh, J. Alex Halderman, Ronald L. Rivest, Peter Y. A. Ryan, Philip B. Stark, Vanessa Teague, Poorvi L. Vora, Dan S. Wallach
2017 J jnl
CoRR
Josh Benaloh, Matthew Bernhard, J. Alex Halderman, Ronald L. Rivest, Peter Y. A. Ryan, Philip B. Stark, Vanessa Teague, Poorvi L. Vora, Dan S. Wallach
2017 A* conf
WWW
Deepak Kumar, Zane Ma, Zakir Durumeric, Ariana Mirian, Joshua Mason, J. Alex Halderman, Michael D. Bailey
2017 A* conf
NDSS
Zakir Durumeric, Zane Ma, Drew Springall, Richard Barnes, Nick Sullivan, Elie Bursztein, Michael D. Bailey, J. Alex Halderman, Vern Paxson
2017 A* conf
USENIX Security Symposium
Manos Antonakakis, Tim April, Michael D. Bailey, Matt Bernhard, Elie Bursztein, Jaime Cochran, Zakir Durumeric, J. Alex Halderman, Luca Invernizzi, Michalis Kallitsis, Deepak Kumar, Chaz Lever, Zane Ma, Joshua Mason, Damian Menscher, Chad Seaman, Nick Sullivan, Kurt Thomas, Yi Zhou
2016 C conf
PST
Benjamin VanderSloot, Stuart Wheaton, J. Alex Halderman
2016 C conf
PST
Ariana Mirian, Zane Ma, David Adrian, Matthew Tischer, Thasphon Chuenchujit, Tim Yardley, Robin Berthier, Joshua Mason, Zakir Durumeric, J. Alex Halderman, Michael D. Bailey
2016 conf
Financial Cryptography
Earlence Fernandes, Qi Alfred Chen, Justin Paupore, Georg Essl, J. Alex Halderman, Zhuoqing Morley Mao, Atul Prakash
2016 C conf
NSPW
Alexander Afanasyev, J. Alex Halderman, Scott Ruoti, Kent E. Seamons, Yingdi Yu, Daniel Zappala, Lixia Zhang
2016 A* conf
USENIX Security Symposium
Nimrod Aviram, Sebastian Schinzel, Juraj Somorovsky, Nadia Heninger, Maik Dankel, Jens Steube, Luke Valenta, David Adrian, J. Alex Halderman, Viktor Dukhovni, Emilia Käsper, Shaanan Cohney, Susanne Engels, Christof Paar, Yuval Shavitt
2016 A conf
DSN
Drew Springall, Zakir Durumeric, J. Alex Halderman
2016 C conf
PST
Matthew Bernhard, Gabe Stocco, J. Alex Halderman
2016 J jnl
IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.
Luke Valenta, David Adrian, Antonio Sanso, Shaanan Cohney, Joshua Fried, Marcella Hastings, J. Alex Halderman, Nadia Heninger
2016 A conf
Internet Measurement Conference
Drew Springall, Zakir Durumeric, J. Alex Halderman
2016 A conf
Internet Measurement Conference
Benjamin VanderSloot, Johanna Amann, Matthew Bernhard, Zakir Durumeric, Michael D. Bailey, J. Alex Halderman
2015 A* conf
CCS
Zakir Durumeric, David Adrian, Ariana Mirian, Michael D. Bailey, J. Alex Halderman
2015 A* conf
CCS
David Adrian, Karthikeyan Bhargavan, Zakir Durumeric, Pierrick Gaudry, Matthew Green, J. Alex Halderman, Nadia Heninger, Drew Springall, Emmanuel Thomé, Luke Valenta, Benjamin VanderSloot, Eric Wustrow, Santiago Zanella-Béguelin, Paul Zimmermann
2015 A conf
Internet Measurement Conference
Zakir Durumeric, David Adrian, Ariana Mirian, James Kasten, Elie Bursztein, Nicolas Lidzborski, Kurt Thomas, Vijay Eranti, Michael D. Bailey, J. Alex Halderman
2015 conf
WOOT
Ben Burgess, Eric Wustrow, J. Alex Halderman
2015 conf
VoteID
J. Alex Halderman, Vanessa Teague
2015 J jnl
CoRR
J. Alex Halderman, Vanessa Teague
2015 conf
CyberICS/WOS-CPS@ESORICS
Travis Finkenauer, J. Alex Halderman
2014 A* conf
USENIX Security Symposium
Zakir Durumeric, Michael D. Bailey, J. Alex Halderman
2014 conf
Financial Cryptography
Joppe W. Bos, J. Alex Halderman, Nadia Heninger, Jonathan Moore, Michael Naehrig, Eric Wustrow
2014 conf
WOOT
Branden Ghena, William Beyer, Allen Hillaker, Jonathan Pevarnek, J. Alex Halderman
2014 conf
Financial Cryptography
Alex Migicovsky, Zakir Durumeric, Jeff Ringenberg, J. Alex Halderman
2014 A* conf
USENIX Security Symposium
Keaton Mowery, Eric Wustrow, Tom Wypych, Corey Singleton, Chris Comfort, Eric Rescorla, J. Alex Halderman, Hovav Shacham, Stephen Checkoway
2014 A* conf
CCS
Drew Springall, Travis Finkenauer, Zakir Durumeric, Jason Kitcat, Harri Hursti, Margaret MacAlpine, J. Alex Halderman
2014 A* conf
USENIX Security Symposium
Eric Wustrow, Colleen Swanson, J. Alex Halderman
2014 A conf
Internet Measurement Conference
Zakir Durumeric, James Kasten, David Adrian, J. Alex Halderman, Michael D. Bailey, Frank Li, Nicholas Weaver, Johanna Amann, Jethro Beekman, Mathias Payer, Vern Paxson
2014 conf
WOOT
David Adrian, Zakir Durumeric, Gulshan Singh, J. Alex Halderman
2013 A conf
Internet Measurement Conference
Zakir Durumeric, James Kasten, Michael D. Bailey, J. Alex Halderman
2013 conf
Financial Cryptography
James Kasten, Eric Wustrow, J. Alex Halderman
2013 J jnl
IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.
Joppe W. Bos, J. Alex Halderman, Nadia Heninger, Jonathan Moore, Michael Naehrig, Eric Wustrow
2013 conf
WOOT
Anthony Bonkoski, Russ Bielawski, J. Alex Halderman
2013 conf
FOCI
Simurgh Aryan, Homa Aryan, J. Alex Halderman
2013 A* conf
USENIX Security Symposium
Zakir Durumeric, Eric Wustrow, J. Alex Halderman
2012 ed.
EVT/WOTE
J. Alex Halderman, Olivier Pereira
2012 conf
Financial Cryptography
Scott Wolchok, Eric Wustrow, Dawn Isabel, J. Alex Halderman
2012 A* conf
USENIX Security Symposium
Nadia Heninger, Zakir Durumeric, Eric Wustrow, J. Alex Halderman
2011 conf
Financial Cryptography
Jay Novak, Jonathan Stribley, Kenneth Meagher, J. Alex Halderman
2011 conf
Financial Cryptography Workshops
David G. Robinson, J. Alex Halderman
2011 B conf
PAM
Xueyang Xu, Zhuoqing Morley Mao, J. Alex Halderman
2011 A* conf
USENIX Security Symposium
Eric Wustrow, Scott Wolchok, Ian Goldberg, J. Alex Halderman
2010 conf
WOOT
Scott Wolchok, J. Alex Halderman
2010 A* conf
NDSS
Scott Wolchok, Owen S. Hofmann, Nadia Heninger, Edward W. Felten, J. Alex Halderman, Christopher J. Rossbach, Brent Waters, Emmett Witchel
2010 A* conf
CCS
Scott Wolchok, Eric Wustrow, J. Alex Halderman, Hari K. Prasad, Arun Kankipati, Sai Krishna Sakhamuri, Vasavya Yagati, Rop Gonggrijp
2010 A* conf
WWW
Steven A. Ross, J. Alex Halderman, Adam Finkelstein
2010 J jnl
IEEE Secur. Priv.
J. Alex Halderman
2009 conf
EVT/WOTE
Stephen Checkoway, Ariel J. Feldman, Brian Kantor, J. Alex Halderman, Edward W. Felten, Hovav Shacham
2009 A* conf
SP
William Clarkson, Tim Weyrich, Adam Finkelstein, Nadia Heninger, J. Alex Halderman, Edward W. Felten
2009 J jnl
Commun. ACM
J. Alex Halderman, Seth D. Schoen, Nadia Heninger, William Clarkson, William Paul, Joseph A. Calandrino, Ariel J. Feldman, Jacob Appelbaum, Edward W. Felten
2008 conf
EVT
Joseph A. Calandrino, J. Alex Halderman, Edward W. Felten
2008 A* conf
USENIX Security Symposium
J. Alex Halderman, Seth D. Schoen, Nadia Heninger, William Clarkson, William Paul, Joseph A. Calandrino, Ariel J. Feldman, Jacob Appelbaum, Edward W. Felten
2008 conf
EVT
J. Alex Halderman, Eric Rescorla, Hovav Shacham, David A. Wagner
2007 A* conf
CCS
J. Alex Halderman, Brent Waters
2007 conf
EVT
Ariel J. Feldman, J. Alex Halderman, Edward W. Felten
2006 J jnl
IEEE Secur. Priv.
Edward W. Felten, J. Alex Halderman
2006 A* conf
USENIX Security Symposium
J. Alex Halderman, Edward W. Felten
2005 A* conf
WWW
J. Alex Halderman, Brent Waters, Edward W. Felten
2004 A* conf
CCS
Brent Waters, Ari Juels, J. Alex Halderman, Edward W. Felten
2004 conf
WPES
J. Alex Halderman, Brent R. Waters, Edward W. Felten
2003 J jnl
ACM Trans. Graph.
Thomas A. Funkhouser, Patrick Min, Michael M. Kazhdan, Joyce Chen, J. Alex Halderman, David P. Dobkin, David Pokrass Jacobs
tests/integration/test_js_extractors.py
← Index tests/integration/test_js_extractors.py python
"""
Integration tests for JavaScript-specific extractors.
"""
import sys
import types
from unittest.mock import MagicMock

# Mock the oscrypto/signify/certvalidator chain before any redb imports.
# oscrypto fails on environments with OpenSSL 3.x due to version detection.
# JS extractors don't use PE signatures so this is safe.
_MOCK_MODULES = [
    # oscrypto/signify chain (PE signature analysis)
    "oscrypto", "oscrypto.errors", "oscrypto._openssl",
    "oscrypto._openssl._libcrypto", "oscrypto._openssl._libcrypto_ctypes",
    "oscrypto._openssl.util", "oscrypto.util", "oscrypto.kdf",
    "oscrypto._asymmetric", "oscrypto.asymmetric",
    "certvalidator", "certvalidator.validate",
    "signify", "signify.fingerprinter", "signify.authenticode",
    "signify.authenticode.signed_pe", "signify.authenticode.authroot",
    "signify.pkcs7", "signify.pkcs7.signeddata", "signify.pkcs7.signerinfo",
    "signify.x509", "signify.x509.certificates", "signify.x509.context",
    # hashing libs used by HashExtractor
    "ppdeep", "tlsh",
    # binary format libs (not needed for JS)
    "dotnetfile", "lief",
    "flare_floss", "yara_x",
    "machofile",
]
for _mod in _MOCK_MODULES:
    if _mod not in sys.modules:
        try:
            __import__(_mod)
        except (ImportError, Exception):
            sys.modules[_mod] = MagicMock()

import pytest
from pathlib import Path
from unittest.mock import patch

pytestmark = [pytest.mark.integration, pytest.mark.js]

TEST_FILES_DIR = Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent / "test_files"

JS_MALICIOUS_PATH = str(TEST_FILES_DIR / "test_malicious.js")


@pytest.fixture
def js_malicious_path():
    path = TEST_FILES_DIR / "test_malicious.js"
    if not path.exists():
        pytest.skip(f"Test file not found: {path}")
    return str(path)


# ============================================================================
# JSFeaturesExtractor Tests
# ============================================================================

class TestJSFeaturesExtractor:

    def test_extract_valid_js(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_features import JSFeaturesExtractor
        from redb.models.dataclasses import JSFeatures

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSFeaturesExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            assert result is not None
            assert isinstance(result, JSFeatures)

    def test_entropy_is_reasonable(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_features import JSFeaturesExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSFeaturesExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            assert result.text_entropy > 0.0
            assert result.text_entropy < 8.0

    def test_detects_obfuscation(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_features import JSFeaturesExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSFeaturesExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            # The fixture is dense `\xHH` hex escapes (>5% of source) plus
            # text entropy >5.0 — two strong signals, which clears the
            # strong-signal gate the heuristic now requires.
            assert result.is_likely_obfuscated is True
            assert result.obfuscation_score >= 40
            assert len(result.obfuscation_techniques) > 0
            # `obfuscator_name` is None when js-x-ray isn't installed in the
            # test environment, and a recognised family name when it is.
            assert result.obfuscator_name is None or isinstance(
                result.obfuscator_name, str
            )

    def test_detects_eval_usage(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_features import JSFeaturesExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSFeaturesExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            assert result.eval_count >= 1
            assert result.fromcharcode_count >= 1
            assert result.atob_count >= 1

    def test_detects_wscript_environment(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_features import JSFeaturesExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSFeaturesExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            assert result.detected_environment == "wscript"
            assert result.script_type == "wscript"

    def test_line_metrics(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_features import JSFeaturesExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSFeaturesExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            assert result.line_count > 0
            assert result.char_count > 0
            assert result.max_line_length > 0
            assert result.avg_line_length > 0

    def test_export_data_format(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_features import JSFeaturesExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSFeaturesExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            extractor.extract()
            export = extractor.prepare_export_data('ClickHouseExporter')

            assert export is not None
            data, col_names, col_types = export
            assert len(col_names) == len(col_types)
            assert len(data) == 1
            assert len(data[0]) == len(col_names)

    def test_clickhouse_table_name(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_features import JSFeaturesExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSFeaturesExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            assert extractor.get_clickhouse_table() == "redb_js_features"

    def test_empty_file_returns_none(self, tmp_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_features import JSFeaturesExtractor

        empty_js = tmp_path / "empty.js"
        empty_js.write_text("")

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSFeaturesExtractor(str(empty_js), mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()
            assert result is None

    def test_pattern_counts_are_case_insensitive(self, tmp_path, mock_logger):
        """eval_count / atob_count come from js_patterns.PATTERNS, which are
        compiled with re.IGNORECASE. Capitalised forms must still be counted."""
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_features import JSFeaturesExtractor

        mixed_case_js = tmp_path / "mixed.js"
        mixed_case_js.write_text(
            'EVAL("1+1");\n'
            'eval("2+2");\n'
            'ATOB("YWJj");\n'
        )

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSFeaturesExtractor(str(mixed_case_js), mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()
            assert result is not None
            # Both `EVAL(` and `eval(` should be counted.
            assert result.eval_count == 2
            assert result.atob_count == 1

    # ----- script_type / detected_environment classification ----------------
    # First-match-wins; ordering is what makes the HTA-vs-WScript split work,
    # so we pin one positive case per value and one orthogonality case.

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("source,expected_type", [
        ("#@~^abcdef==^#~@", "jse"),
        ("<?xml version='1.0'?>\n<job><script language='JScript'>x=1;</script></job>", "wsf"),
        ("<html><head><hta:application id='x'/></head><script>x=1</script></html>", "hta"),
        ("<html><body><script>alert(1)</script></body></html>", "embedded_html"),
        ("var s = new ActiveXObject('WScript.Shell');", "wscript"),
        ("import {foo} from 'bar';\nexport const x = 1;", "esm"),
        ("import 'side-effect.js';\nconst x = 1;", "esm"),
        ("const fs = require('fs');\nmodule.exports = {};", "node_module"),
        ("function add(a, b) { return a + b; }", "standalone"),
    ])
    def test_script_type_classification(self, tmp_path, mock_logger, source, expected_type):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_features import JSFeaturesExtractor

        js_file = tmp_path / "sample.js"
        js_file.write_text(source)
        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSFeaturesExtractor(str(js_file), mock_logger, source=source)
            result = extractor.extract()
            assert result is not None
            assert result.script_type == expected_type

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("source,expected_env", [
        ("var s = new ActiveXObject('WScript.Shell');", "wscript"),
        ("chrome.runtime.onMessage.addListener(()=>{}); chrome.tabs.query({});", "browser_extension"),
        ("self.addEventListener('fetch', e => e.respondWith(caches.match(e.request)));", "service_worker"),
        ("const text = await Deno.readTextFile('a.txt');", "deno"),
        ("const fs = require('fs'); process.env.X;", "node"),
        ("document.getElementById('x'); window.location;", "browser"),
        ("function add(a, b) { return a + b; }", "unknown"),
    ])
    def test_environment_classification(self, tmp_path, mock_logger, source, expected_env):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_features import JSFeaturesExtractor

        js_file = tmp_path / "sample.js"
        js_file.write_text(source)
        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSFeaturesExtractor(str(js_file), mock_logger, source=source)
            result = extractor.extract()
            assert result is not None
            assert result.detected_environment == expected_env

    def test_hta_with_wscript_keeps_format_and_runtime_orthogonal(self, tmp_path, mock_logger):
        """HTA droppers commonly call WScript APIs. script_type captures the
        file format (`hta`) and detected_environment captures the runtime
        surface (`wscript`); both axes must survive a single sample."""
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_features import JSFeaturesExtractor

        source = (
            "<html><head><hta:application id='x'/></head>"
            "<script>new ActiveXObject('WScript.Shell').Run('cmd.exe');</script></html>"
        )
        js_file = tmp_path / "sample.hta"
        js_file.write_text(source)
        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSFeaturesExtractor(str(js_file), mock_logger, source=source)
            result = extractor.extract()
            assert result.script_type == "hta"
            assert result.detected_environment == "wscript"

    def test_bare_exports_property_is_not_node_module(self, tmp_path, mock_logger):
        """Regression: `module.exports` and `require(` mark a CommonJS module,
        but a bare `exports.` substring (e.g. `obj.exports.foo`) should not."""
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_features import JSFeaturesExtractor

        source = "var x = obj.exports.foo;\nfunction f() { return 1; }\n"
        js_file = tmp_path / "sample.js"
        js_file.write_text(source)
        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSFeaturesExtractor(str(js_file), mock_logger, source=source)
            result = extractor.extract()
            assert result.script_type == "standalone"


# ============================================================================
# JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor Tests
# ============================================================================

class TestJSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor:

    def test_extract_finds_apis(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_suspicious_apis import JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            assert result is not None
            assert len(result) > 0

    def test_detects_eval(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_suspicious_apis import JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            api_names = [f['api_name'] for f in result]
            assert "eval" in api_names

    def test_detects_wscript_apis(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_suspicious_apis import JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            api_names = [f['api_name'] for f in result]
            assert "WScript.CreateObject" in api_names
            assert "WScript.Shell" in api_names

    def test_detects_network_apis(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_suspicious_apis import JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            api_names = [f['api_name'] for f in result]
            assert "XMLHttpRequest" in api_names
            assert "fetch" in api_names

    def test_detects_registry_access(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_suspicious_apis import JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            api_names = [f['api_name'] for f in result]
            assert "RegWrite" in api_names

    def test_categories_are_valid(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_suspicious_apis import JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor, SUSPICIOUS_APIS

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            valid_categories = set(SUSPICIOUS_APIS.keys())
            for finding in result:
                assert finding['api_category'] in valid_categories
                assert finding['call_count'] > 0
                assert len(finding['line_numbers']) > 0

    def test_export_data_format(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_suspicious_apis import JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            extractor.extract()
            export = extractor.prepare_export_data('ClickHouseExporter')

            assert export is not None
            data, col_names, col_types = export
            assert len(col_names) == len(col_types)
            assert len(data) > 0
            assert len(data[0]) == len(col_names)

    def test_clickhouse_table_name(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_suspicious_apis import JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            assert extractor.get_clickhouse_table() == "redb_js_suspicious_apis"

    def test_benign_js_has_no_findings(self, tmp_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_suspicious_apis import JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor

        benign_js = tmp_path / "benign.js"
        benign_js.write_text("function add(a, b) { return a + b; }\nconsole.log(add(1, 2));")

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor(str(benign_js), mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()
            assert result is None

    def test_pattern_match_is_case_insensitive(self, tmp_path, mock_logger):
        """Patterns in js_patterns.PATTERNS are compiled with re.IGNORECASE.
        A capitalised `EVAL(` is not actually valid JS at runtime but obfuscated
        droppers occasionally use stringly-built names; verifying the match
        survives capitalisation guards against an accidental flag regression.
        """
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_suspicious_apis import JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor

        upper_js = tmp_path / "upper.js"
        upper_js.write_text('var x = EVAL("1+1");\nFETCH("http://evil.test");')

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor(str(upper_js), mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()
            assert result is not None
            api_names = {f['api_name'] for f in result}
            assert "eval" in api_names
            assert "fetch" in api_names


# ============================================================================
# JSStringsExtractor Tests
# ============================================================================

class TestJSStringsExtractor:

    def test_extract_finds_strings(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_strings import JSStringsExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSStringsExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            assert result is not None
            assert len(result) > 0

    def test_decodes_hex_strings(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_strings import JSStringsExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSStringsExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            hex_decoded = [s for s in result if s['string_encoding'] == 'hex']
            assert len(hex_decoded) > 0

    def test_decodes_charcode(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_strings import JSStringsExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSStringsExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            charcode_decoded = [s for s in result if s['string_encoding'] == 'charcode']
            assert len(charcode_decoded) > 0
            assert any('powershell' in s['string'] for s in charcode_decoded)

    def test_decodes_base64(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_strings import JSStringsExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSStringsExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            b64_decoded = [s for s in result if s['string_encoding'] == 'base64']
            assert len(b64_decoded) > 0

    def test_reconstructs_concatenated_strings(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_strings import JSStringsExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSStringsExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            concat = [s for s in result if s['string_encoding'] == 'concat']
            assert len(concat) > 0

    def test_strings_have_standard_fields(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_strings import JSStringsExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSStringsExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            for s in result:
                assert s['string_entropy'] >= 0
                assert s['string_length'] > 0
                assert s['string_raw_length'] > 0
                assert s['string_offset'] > 0
                assert len(s['string']) > 0
                assert len(s['string_raw']) > 0

    def test_export_data_format(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_strings import JSStringsExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSStringsExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            extractor.extract()
            export = extractor.prepare_export_data('ClickHouseExporter')

            assert export is not None
            data, col_names, col_types = export
            assert len(col_names) == len(col_types)
            assert len(data) > 0
            assert len(data[0]) == len(col_names)

    def test_writes_to_shared_strings_table(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_strings import JSStringsExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSStringsExtractor(str(js_malicious_path), mock_logger)
            assert extractor.get_clickhouse_table() == "code_binja_strings_raw"

    def test_line_numbers_correct_in_multiline_source(self, tmp_path, mock_logger):
        """Pin the bisect-based _find_line_number against a multi-line source.

        Builds a JS file where each encoded literal sits on a known line, then
        verifies the `string_offset` (1-indexed line number) the extractor
        emits matches the planted line. Regression guard for the swap from the
        historical O(N) `source[:start].count("\\n")` to O(log L) bisect.
        """
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_strings import JSStringsExtractor

        # 800 filler lines, then a known hex-escape literal on line 801
        # (1-indexed), then 100 more filler, then a charcode call on line 902.
        prefix = "\n".join([f"function f{i}() {{ return {i}; }}" for i in range(800)])
        line_801 = 'var h = "\\x68\\x74\\x74\\x70\\x73\\x3a\\x2f\\x2f"'
        middle = "\n".join([f"var v{i} = {i};" for i in range(100)])
        line_902 = 'var c = String.fromCharCode(112, 111, 119, 101, 114)'
        source = "\n".join([prefix, line_801, middle, line_902]) + "\n"

        js_path = tmp_path / "multiline.js"
        js_path.write_text(source)

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSStringsExtractor(str(js_path), mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            assert result is not None
            by_encoding = {}
            for f in result:
                by_encoding.setdefault(f['string_encoding'], []).append(f)

            assert any(f['string_offset'] == 801 for f in by_encoding.get('hex', [])), (
                f"hex literal should be reported on line 801; got "
                f"{[f['string_offset'] for f in by_encoding.get('hex', [])]}"
            )
            assert any(f['string_offset'] == 902 for f in by_encoding.get('charcode', [])), (
                f"charcode call should be reported on line 902; got "
                f"{[f['string_offset'] for f in by_encoding.get('charcode', [])]}"
            )

    def test_publishes_findings_to_context(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        """JSStringsExtractor must mirror its findings onto JSContext.decoded_strings
        so post-loop consumers (the IOC plumbing in workers.py) can read the
        decoded strings without holding a reference to this extractor."""
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_strings import JSStringsExtractor
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_context import JSContext

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            ctx = JSContext.from_path(js_malicious_path, log=mock_logger)
            assert ctx.decoded_strings is None  # not populated until extract runs

            extractor = JSStringsExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger, context=ctx)
            findings = extractor.extract()

            assert ctx.decoded_strings is findings, (
                "ctx.decoded_strings should reference the same list returned "
                "by extract(), not a copy"
            )


# ============================================================================
# JSDeobfuscationExtractor Tests
# ============================================================================

class TestJSDeobfuscationExtractor:

    def test_extract_with_jsbeautifier_fallback(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        """Should fall back to jsbeautifier when webcrack is not installed."""
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_deobfuscation import JSDeobfuscationExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSDeobfuscationExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            if result is not None:
                assert result['deobfuscator_used'] is not None
                assert result['deobfuscation_successful'] is True
                assert result['original_size'] > 0
                assert result['deobfuscated_size'] > 0
                assert len(result['deobfuscated_sha256']) == 64

    def test_export_data_format(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_deobfuscation import JSDeobfuscationExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSDeobfuscationExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            result = extractor.extract()

            if result is not None:
                export = extractor.prepare_export_data('ClickHouseExporter')
                assert export is not None
                data, col_names, col_types = export
                assert len(col_names) == len(col_types)
                assert len(data[0]) == len(col_names)

    def test_clickhouse_table_name(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_deobfuscation import JSDeobfuscationExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSDeobfuscationExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            assert extractor.get_clickhouse_table() == "redb_js_deobfuscation"

    def test_runs_deobfuscator_without_separate_probe(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        """The deobfuscator binary is invoked directly — no separate
        `--help` probe per sample. When the binary is missing, the
        FileNotFoundError is swallowed silently (no error log) and the
        extractor falls through to jsbeautifier.
        """
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors import js_deobfuscator as deob_helper
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_deobfuscation import (
            JSDeobfuscationExtractor,
        )

        # _check_tool_available must be gone entirely.
        assert not hasattr(JSDeobfuscationExtractor, "_check_tool_available")

        popen_calls = []

        def fake_popen(*args, **kwargs):
            popen_calls.append(args[0] if args else kwargs.get("args"))
            raise FileNotFoundError(2, "No such file or directory", "fake-deobfuscator")

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'), \
                patch.object(deob_helper.subprocess, 'Popen', fake_popen):
            extractor = JSDeobfuscationExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            extractor.extract()

        # Exactly one Popen attempt — the actual run. No extra probe call.
        assert len(popen_calls) == 1, (
            f"expected one Popen call (the deobfuscator run), got "
            f"{len(popen_calls)}: {popen_calls}"
        )
        # FileNotFoundError must not have been logged at error level.
        for call in mock_logger.error.call_args_list:
            joined = " ".join(str(a) for a in call.args)
            assert "not found" not in joined.lower(), (
                f"missing-binary case must not log at error level; got {call}"
            )


# ============================================================================
# JSContentExtractor Tests
# ============================================================================

class TestJSContentExtractor:
    """JSContentExtractor persists raw + normalised text into code_text_content."""

    def test_extract_populates_both_columns(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_content import JSContentExtractor
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_context import JSContext

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            ctx = JSContext.from_path(js_malicious_path, log=mock_logger)
            extractor = JSContentExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger, context=ctx)
            result = extractor.extract()

            assert result is not None
            assert result['content_type'] == 'javascript'
            assert result['text_raw']
            # jsbeautifier should normalise even non-obfuscated input, so
            # against the bundled test sample we expect a normalised text.
            assert result['text_normalized'] is not None
            assert result['normalizer_used'] is not None

    def test_normalized_is_null_when_deobfuscator_returns_nothing(
        self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger
    ):
        """When neither webcrack nor jsbeautifier produces output the
        normalized columns must be NULL — distinguishes failure from a
        legitimate empty result."""
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_content import JSContentExtractor
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_context import JSContext
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors import js_deobfuscator as deob_helper

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'), \
                patch.object(deob_helper, 'deobfuscate', lambda src, log: (None, None)):
            ctx = JSContext.from_path(js_malicious_path, log=mock_logger)
            extractor = JSContentExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger, context=ctx)
            result = extractor.extract()

            assert result is not None
            assert result['text_raw']
            assert result['text_normalized'] is None
            assert result['normalizer_used'] is None

    def test_does_not_run_its_own_deobfuscation(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        """JSContentExtractor reads from JSContext.deobfuscated, which is a
        cached_property. Two extractors sharing one context must trigger
        deobfuscation at most once across both extracts."""
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_content import JSContentExtractor
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_deobfuscation import (
            JSDeobfuscationExtractor,
        )
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_context import JSContext
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors import js_deobfuscator as deob_helper

        calls = {"n": 0}

        def counting_deobfuscate(source, log):
            calls["n"] += 1
            return None, None

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'), \
                patch.object(deob_helper, 'deobfuscate', counting_deobfuscate):
            ctx = JSContext.from_path(js_malicious_path, log=mock_logger)
            JSDeobfuscationExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger, context=ctx).extract()
            JSContentExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger, context=ctx).extract()

            assert calls["n"] == 1, (
                f"deobfuscate() must be called once across both extractors "
                f"sharing a context, got {calls['n']}"
            )

    def test_export_data_format(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_content import JSContentExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSContentExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            extractor.extract()
            data, col_names, col_types = extractor.prepare_export_data(
                'ClickHouseExporter'
            )
            assert col_names == [
                'sha256', 'content_type', 'text_raw', 'text_normalized',
                'normalizer_used', 'analysis_date',
            ]
            assert len(col_names) == len(col_types) == len(data[0])
            assert data[0][1] == 'javascript'

    def test_clickhouse_table_name(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_content import JSContentExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            extractor = JSContentExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)
            assert extractor.get_clickhouse_table() == 'code_text_content'


# ============================================================================
# Source Sharing Tests
# ============================================================================

class TestSourceSharing:
    """Test that source text can be shared across extractors."""

    def test_shared_source_produces_same_results(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_features import JSFeaturesExtractor

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            with open(js_malicious_path, 'r') as f:
                source = f.read()

            ext_shared = JSFeaturesExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger, source=source)
            ext_fresh = JSFeaturesExtractor(js_malicious_path, mock_logger)

            r_shared = ext_shared.extract()
            r_fresh = ext_fresh.extract()

            assert r_shared.text_entropy == r_fresh.text_entropy
            assert r_shared.eval_count == r_fresh.eval_count
            assert r_shared.obfuscation_score == r_fresh.obfuscation_score


# ============================================================================
# JSContext Sharing Tests
# ============================================================================

class TestJSContextSharing:
    """Verify the shared JSContext threads through every extractor cleanly:
    same outputs as independent runs, expensive work computed exactly once."""

    def test_shared_context_produces_same_results(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_context import JSContext
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_features import JSFeaturesExtractor
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_suspicious_apis import (
            JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor,
        )

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            ctx = JSContext.from_path(js_malicious_path, log=mock_logger)

            shared_features = JSFeaturesExtractor(
                js_malicious_path, mock_logger, context=ctx
            ).extract()
            shared_apis = JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor(
                js_malicious_path, mock_logger, context=ctx
            ).extract()

            fresh_features = JSFeaturesExtractor(
                js_malicious_path, mock_logger
            ).extract()
            fresh_apis = JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor(
                js_malicious_path, mock_logger
            ).extract()

            # Features dataclass must compare equal across paths.
            assert shared_features == fresh_features
            # Suspicious-API findings: same set of api_name/category pairs.
            shared_pairs = {(f['api_name'], f['api_category']) for f in shared_apis}
            fresh_pairs = {(f['api_name'], f['api_category']) for f in fresh_apis}
            assert shared_pairs == fresh_pairs

    def test_context_scan_is_computed_once(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        """Two extractors sharing one JSContext must each trigger their backing
        scan at most once.

        The context exposes two cached scan results: `scan` (raw source) and
        `scan_deobfuscated` (deobfuscated text, populated only by the dual-pass
        consumers in JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor / JSDeobfuscationExtractor).
        Both are cached_property — repeating the access from a second extractor
        must not re-run scan_source. Whether the deobfuscated scan happens at
        all depends on the deobfuscator producing a different text for this
        sample; we accept either outcome and only fail if the per-cache
        single-run invariant is broken.
        """
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors import js_context as js_ctx_module
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_context import JSContext
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_features import JSFeaturesExtractor
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_suspicious_apis import (
            JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor,
        )

        real_scan = js_ctx_module.scan_source
        call_count = {"n": 0}

        def counting_scan(*args, **kwargs):
            call_count["n"] += 1
            return real_scan(*args, **kwargs)

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'), \
                patch.object(js_ctx_module, 'scan_source', counting_scan):
            ctx = JSContext.from_path(js_malicious_path, log=mock_logger)

            JSFeaturesExtractor(
                js_malicious_path, mock_logger, context=ctx
            ).extract()
            JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor(
                js_malicious_path, mock_logger, context=ctx
            ).extract()
            after_first_pair = call_count["n"]

            # The raw scan and (optionally) the deobfuscated scan are the only
            # two scan_source calls allowed for this sample.
            assert 1 <= after_first_pair <= 2, (
                f"scan_source must run at most twice (raw + deobf) when context "
                f"is shared, got {after_first_pair}"
            )

            # Re-running the same extractors must not re-trigger any scan: both
            # cached_property results are pinned by the first access.
            JSFeaturesExtractor(
                js_malicious_path, mock_logger, context=ctx
            ).extract()
            JSSuspiciousAPIsExtractor(
                js_malicious_path, mock_logger, context=ctx
            ).extract()

            assert call_count["n"] == after_first_pair, (
                f"cached scans re-ran across extractor instances: "
                f"{after_first_pair} -> {call_count['n']}"
            )

    def test_context_deobfuscation_runs_once(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        """Multiple consumers reading JSContext.deobfuscated must trigger the
        external deobfuscator at most once. cached_property guarantees this;
        the test pins the contract so a future regression fails loudly."""
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors import js_context as js_ctx_module
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_context import JSContext

        deob_calls = {"n": 0}
        real_helper = None

        def counting_deobfuscate(source, log):
            deob_calls["n"] += 1
            return None, None  # cheap stub: no need to actually run webcrack

        # Patch the import that JSContext.deobfuscated does lazily inside the
        # cached_property. We monkeypatch the helper module directly.
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors import js_deobfuscator as deob_helper

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'), \
                patch.object(deob_helper, 'deobfuscate', counting_deobfuscate):
            ctx = JSContext.from_path(js_malicious_path, log=mock_logger)
            _ = ctx.deobfuscated
            _ = ctx.deobfuscated  # second access must hit the cache
            _ = ctx.deobfuscated  # third access too

            assert deob_calls["n"] == 1, (
                f"deobfuscate() must be called once per context, got "
                f"{deob_calls['n']}"
            )

    def test_context_ast_parsed_once(self, js_malicious_path, mock_logger):
        """Repeated access to JSContext.ast must invoke pyjsparser.parse at
        most once. cached_property guarantees this; the test pins the
        contract so a future regression (e.g. dropping cached_property)
        fails loudly."""
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_context import JSContext

        try:
            import pyjsparser  # noqa: F401
        except ImportError:
            pytest.skip("pyjsparser not installed")

        parse_calls = {"n": 0}
        real_parse = pyjsparser.parse

        def counting_parse(source):
            parse_calls["n"] += 1
            return real_parse(source)

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'), \
                patch.object(pyjsparser, 'parse', counting_parse):
            ctx = JSContext.from_path(js_malicious_path, log=mock_logger)
            _ = ctx.ast
            _ = ctx.ast  # second access: must hit the cache
            _ = ctx.ast  # third access: still cached

            # parse may legitimately be 0 if the source can't be parsed and
            # the exception was swallowed; otherwise it must be exactly 1.
            assert parse_calls["n"] <= 1, (
                f"pyjsparser.parse called {parse_calls['n']} times for one "
                "context — cached_property must hold the parsed AST"
            )


# ============================================================================
# JS IOC Surface Tests (end-to-end)
# ============================================================================

class TestJSIOCSurfaces:
    """workers.py-style assembly of analysis_results: text_raw, text_normalized,
    and decoded strings. End-to-end through IOCExtractorFromResults."""

    def _build_analysis_results(self, ctx, raw_source, sha256):
        """Mirror the dict workers.py builds in the JS IOC block. Kept in a
        helper so the test exercises the same shape the production code uses
        without dragging the full workers.py dispatch into the test harness."""
        import hashlib

        text_raw_entries = [{"content": raw_source, "content_hash": sha256}]
        text_normalized_entries = []
        deobf_text, _ = ctx.deobfuscated
        if deobf_text and deobf_text != raw_source:
            text_normalized_entries.append({
                "content": deobf_text,
                "content_hash": hashlib.sha256(
                    deobf_text.encode("utf-8")
                ).hexdigest(),
            })
        decoded_strings = ctx.decoded_strings or []
        strings_entries = [
            {
                "string": s.get("string", ""),
                "string_offset": s.get("string_offset", 0),
            }
            for s in decoded_strings
        ]
        return {
            "strings": strings_entries,
            "text_raw": text_raw_entries,
            "text_normalized": text_normalized_entries,
        }

    def test_decoded_string_url_lands_via_strings_surface(self, tmp_path, mock_logger):
        """A URL hidden inside a String.fromCharCode(...) call is decoded by
        JSStringsExtractor into a plaintext string; running IOC extraction
        over the decoded `strings` surface picks it up with source_type=string.
        Without the broadened plumbing the URL would be invisible to IOC
        extraction (regex doesn't see it through the charcode encoding in
        the raw source)."""
        from redb.extractors.ioc_extractor.ioc_extractor import IOCExtractorFromResults
        from redb.extractors.ioc_extractor.standalone_ioc_extractor import (
            IOCType, SourceType,
        )
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_context import JSContext
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_strings import JSStringsExtractor

        # String.fromCharCode of "http://hidden.example.com" (25 chars, codes
        # built inline below).
        url = "http://hidden.example.com"
        codes = ", ".join(str(ord(c)) for c in url)
        source = (
            'var benign = "harmless string here";\n'
            f'var u = String.fromCharCode({codes});\n'
        )
        sample_path = tmp_path / "charcode.js"
        sample_path.write_text(source)

        sha256 = "b" * 64

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            ctx = JSContext.from_path(str(sample_path), log=mock_logger)
            JSStringsExtractor(str(sample_path), mock_logger, context=ctx).extract()

            analysis_results = self._build_analysis_results(ctx, ctx.source, sha256)
            iocs = IOCExtractorFromResults(
                analysis_results=analysis_results,
                sha256=sha256,
                log=mock_logger,
            ).extract()

            url_iocs = [i for i in iocs if i.ioc_type == IOCType.URL]
            assert any(
                "hidden.example.com" in i.ioc_value
                and i.source_type == SourceType.STRING
                for i in url_iocs
            ), (
                f"charcode-decoded URL must be picked up via the strings "
                f"surface; got {[(i.ioc_value, i.source_type) for i in url_iocs]}"
            )

    def test_raw_url_lands_via_text_raw(self, tmp_path, mock_logger):
        """A plain URL in the raw source lands with source_type=text_raw, the
        new universal surface (was source_type=decompiled_function before #C)."""
        from redb.extractors.ioc_extractor.ioc_extractor import IOCExtractorFromResults
        from redb.extractors.ioc_extractor.standalone_ioc_extractor import (
            IOCType, SourceType,
        )
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_context import JSContext

        source = 'fetch("https://plain.example.com/c2");\n'
        sample_path = tmp_path / "plain.js"
        sample_path.write_text(source)
        sha256 = "c" * 64

        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'):
            ctx = JSContext.from_path(str(sample_path), log=mock_logger)
            analysis_results = self._build_analysis_results(ctx, ctx.source, sha256)
            iocs = IOCExtractorFromResults(
                analysis_results=analysis_results,
                sha256=sha256,
                log=mock_logger,
            ).extract()

            url_iocs = [i for i in iocs if i.ioc_type == IOCType.URL]
            assert any(
                "plain.example.com" in i.ioc_value
                and i.source_type == SourceType.TEXT_RAW
                for i in url_iocs
            )

    def test_no_text_normalized_entry_when_deobf_equals_raw(self, tmp_path, mock_logger):
        """If the deobfuscator returns text byte-identical to the raw source
        (or returns nothing), the analysis_results dict must not add a
        text_normalized entry — avoids double-scraping the same content."""
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors.js_context import JSContext
        from redb.extractors.js_extractors import js_deobfuscator as deob_helper

        source = 'fetch("https://noop.example.com/");\n'
        sample_path = tmp_path / "noop.js"
        sample_path.write_text(source)
        sha256 = "d" * 64

        # Force the deobfuscator to return identical text — exercises the
        # equality check in workers.py / _build_analysis_results.
        with patch('redb.settings.ELASTIC_BINARIES_COLLECTION', 'test'), \
                patch.object(deob_helper, 'deobfuscate',
                             lambda src, log: (src, "stub")):
            ctx = JSContext.from_path(str(sample_path), log=mock_logger)
            analysis_results = self._build_analysis_results(ctx, ctx.source, sha256)

            assert analysis_results["text_normalized"] == [], (
                "text_normalized must be empty when deobfuscation produced "
                "byte-identical output"
            )