Ioana Ciuca

14 papers A* 1Journal 13
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2025 J jnl
CoRR
Atilla Kaan Alkan, Shashwat Sourav, Maja Jablonska, Simone Astarita, Rishabh Chakrabarty, Nikhil Garuda, Pranav Khetarpal, Maciej Pióro, Dimitrios Tanoglidis, Kartheik Iyer, Mugdha Polimera, Michael J. Smith, Tirthankar Ghosal, Marc Huertas-Company, Sandor Kruk, Kevin Schawinski, Ioana Ciuca
2025 J jnl
CoRR
Alina Hyk, Kiera McCormick, Mian Zhong, Ioana Ciuca, Sanjib Sharma, John F. Wu, Joshua E. G. Peek, Kartheik Iyer, Ziang Xiao, Anjalie Field
2025 J jnl
CoRR
Christine Ye, Sihan Yuan, Suchetha Cooray, Steven Dillmann, Ian L. V. Roque, Dalya Baron, Philipp Frank, Sergio Martin-Alvarez, Nolan Koblischke, Frank J. Qu, Diyi Yang, Risa Wechsler, Ioana Ciuca
2025 J jnl
CoRR
Charles O'Neill, Tirthankar Ghosal, Roberta Raileanu, Mike Walmsley, Thang D. Bui, Kevin Schawinski, Ioana Ciuca
2025 J jnl
CoRR
Pranav Agarwal, Ioana Ciuca
2024 J jnl
CoRR
Ernest Perkowski, Rui Pan, Tuan Dung Nguyen, Yuan-Sen Ting, Sandor Kruk, Tong Zhang, Charlie O'Neill, Maja Jablonska, Zechang Sun, Michael J. Smith, Huiling Liu, Kevin Schawinski, Kartheik Iyer, Ioana Ciuca, UniverseTBD
2024 A* conf
NeurIPS
Eirini Angeloudi, Jeroen Audenaert, Micah Bowles, Benjamin M. Boyd, David Chemaly, Brian Cherinka, Ioana Ciuca, Miles D. Cranmer, Aaron Do, Matthew Grayling, Erin E. Hayes, Tom Hehir, Shirley Ho, Marc Huertas-Company, Kartheik Iyer, Maja Jablonska, François Lanusse, Henry Leung, Kaisey Mandel, Rafael Martínez-Galarza, Peter Melchior, Lucas Meyer, Liam Holden Parker, Helen Qu, Jeff Shen, Michael J. Smith, Connor Stone, Mike Walmsley, John F. Wu
2024 J jnl
CoRR
Kartheik Iyer, Mikaeel Yunus, Charles O'Neill, Christine Ye, Alina Hyk, Kiera McCormick, Ioana Ciuca, John F. Wu, Alberto Accomazzi, Simone Astarita, Rishabh Chakrabarty, Jesse Cranney, Anjalie Field, Tirthankar Ghosal, Michele Ginolfi, Marc Huertas-Company, Maja Jablonska, Sandor Kruk, Huiling Liu, Gabriel Marchidan, Rohit Mistry, Jill P. Naiman, Joshua E. G. Peek, Mugdha Polimera, Sergio J. Rodríguez Méndez, Kevin Schawinski, Sanjib Sharma, Michael J. Smith, Yuan-Sen Ting, Mike Walmsley
2023 J jnl
CoRR
Charles O'Neill, Jack W. Miller, Ioana Ciuca, Yuan-Sen Ting, Thang D. Bui
2023 J jnl
CoRR
Tuan Dung Nguyen, Yuan-Sen Ting, Ioana Ciuca, Charlie O'Neill, Zechang Sun, Maja Jablonska, Sandor Kruk, Ernest Perkowski, Jack W. Miller, Jason Li, Josh Peek, Kartheik Iyer, Tomasz Rózanski, Pranav Khetarpal, Sharaf Zaman, David Brodrick, Sergio J. Rodríguez Méndez, Thang D. Bui, Alyssa Goodman, Alberto Accomazzi, Jill P. Naiman, Jesse Cranney, Kevin Schawinski, UniverseTBD
2023 J jnl
CoRR
Sergi Blanco-Cuaresma, Ioana Ciuca, Alberto Accomazzi, Michael J. Kurtz, Edwin A. Henneken, Kelly E. Lockhart, Félix Grèzes, Thomas Allen, Golnaz Shapurian, Carolyn S. Grant, Donna M. Thompson, Timothy W. Hostetler, Matthew R. Templeton, Shinyi Chen, Jennifer Koch, Taylor Jacovich, Daniel Chivvis, Fernanda de Macedo Alves, Jean-Claude Paquin, Jennifer Bartlett, Mugdha Polimera, Stephanie Jarmak
2023 J jnl
CoRR
Ioana Ciuca, Yuan-Sen Ting
2023 J jnl
CoRR
Ioana Ciuca, Yuan-Sen Ting, Sandor Kruk, Kartheik Iyer
2023 J jnl
CoRR
Charles O'Neill, Yuan-Sen Ting, Ioana Ciuca, Jack W. Miller, Thang D. Bui
redb/extractors/macho_extractors/macho_imports.py
← Index redb/extractors/macho_extractors/macho_imports.py python
import inspect
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from typing import Any

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.extractors.macho_extractor import MachOExtractor
from redb.models.dataclasses import MachOImport


class MachOImportExtractor(MachOExtractor):

    def __init__(
        self,
        filepath,
        log,
        exporters=None,
        index_prefix=None,
        elastic_index=None,
        known_benign=False,
        known_malicious=False,
        macho=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath,
            log,
            exporters,
            index_prefix,
            elastic_index,
            known_benign,
            known_malicious,
            macho,
        )
        self.elastic_index = self.index_prefix + "-macho_imports"
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

    def tag(self):
        return Tag.MACHO_IMPORT.value

    def _extract_imports(self, arch_name=None):
        """Extract import information from the MachO binary for a specific architecture.

        Handles machofile v2026.2.4+ API where get_imported_functions() returns:
        Dict[str, List[Dict]] where each dict has {'name': str, 'sources': [str, ...]}
        """
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)

        if not self.macho:
            return None

        try:
            # Get imported functions using API for specific architecture
            imported_functions = self.macho.get_imported_functions(arch=arch_name)
            if not imported_functions:
                return None

            # Keep the library→functions mapping (like PE does)
            library_names = []
            imports_with_mapping = []  # List of {library: [(name, source), ...]}

            for dylib_name, functions in imported_functions.items():
                # v2026.2.4+: dylib_name is already str, but handle bytes for compatibility
                if isinstance(dylib_name, bytes):
                    dylib_name = dylib_name.decode('utf-8', errors='replace')
                library_names.append(dylib_name)

                # Process function entries
                func_list = []
                for func_entry in functions:
                    # v2026.2.4+: func_entry is {'name': str, 'sources': [str, ...]}
                    if isinstance(func_entry, dict):
                        func_name = func_entry.get('name', '')
                        # Join sources if multiple, take first if single
                        sources = func_entry.get('sources', [])
                        import_source = sources[0] if sources else None
                        func_list.append((func_name, import_source))
                    else:
                        # Legacy format: func_entry is str or bytes
                        if isinstance(func_entry, bytes):
                            func_entry = func_entry.decode('utf-8', errors='replace')
                        func_list.append((func_entry, None))

                imports_with_mapping.append({dylib_name: func_list})

            # Count total functions
            total_functions = sum(len(list(d.values())[0]) for d in imports_with_mapping)

            # Create import dataclass with mapping preserved
            macho_import = MachOImport(
                macho_imports_total=total_functions,
                macho_import_libraryName=library_names if library_names else None,
                macho_import_functions=imports_with_mapping if imports_with_mapping else None
            )

            return macho_import

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting MachO imports for arch {arch_name}: {e}")
            return None

    def extract(self):
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)
        try:
            # Get architectures (macho is already parsed in base class)
            architectures = self.macho.get_architectures()
            if len(architectures) > 1:
                # FAT binary - return list of imports for each architecture
                results = []
                for arch_name in architectures:
                    imports = self._extract_imports(arch_name)
                    if imports:
                        imports.arch_identifier = arch_name
                        results.append(imports)
                return results
            else:
                # Single architecture - return single result
                return self._extract_imports(architectures[0] if architectures else None)
        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting MachO imports: {e}")
            return None

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        if exporter_type == "ElasticsearchExporter":
            return self.extract()
        elif exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            if not self.macho:
                return None

            # Get architectures (macho is already parsed in base class)
            try:
                architectures = self.macho.get_architectures()
                is_fat = len(architectures) > 1
            except Exception as e:
                self.log.error(f"Could not get architectures: {e}")
                return None

            # Flatten the data - one row per function import (like PE imports)
            data = []
            current_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)

            # Loop through each architecture (1 for single, multiple for FAT)
            for arch_name in architectures:
                # Get architecture-specific sha256
                try:
                    arch_general_info = self.macho.get_general_info(arch=arch_name)
                    arch_header_raw = self.macho.get_macho_header(arch=arch_name)
                    arch_sha256 = arch_general_info.get('SHA256', self.sha256)
                    arch_cputype_raw = arch_header_raw.get('cputype', 0) if arch_header_raw else 0
                except Exception as e:
                    self.log.warning(f"Could not get arch-specific data for {arch_name}: {e}")
                    arch_sha256 = self.sha256
                    arch_cputype_raw = 0

                # Get imports for this architecture
                macho_import = self._extract_imports(arch_name)
                if not macho_import or not macho_import.macho_import_functions:
                    continue

                # Flatten to one row per (library, function) pair
                for lib_funcs in macho_import.macho_import_functions:
                    for lib, funcs in lib_funcs.items():
                        for func_name, import_source in funcs:
                            data.append([
                                arch_sha256,        # sha256 (arch-specific)
                                lib,                # library_name
                                func_name,          # function_name
                                import_source,      # import_source (chained_fixups, bind_opcodes, symtab)
                                current_time,       # analysis_date
                            ])

            column_names = [
                'sha256',
                'library_name', 'function_name', 'import_source',
                'analysis_date'
            ]

            if not data:
                return None

            column_type_names = [
                'FixedString(64)',
                'LowCardinality(String)', 'LowCardinality(String)', 'LowCardinality(Nullable(String))',
                'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')'
            ]

            return (data, column_names, column_type_names)

        return None

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        return "redb_macho_imports"