Ilja Ocket

26 papers A* 1B 1Journal 17Unranked 7
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2026 J jnl
Neural Networks
Lars Keuninckx, Matthias Hartmann, Paul Detterer, Ali Safa, Wout Mommen, Ilja Ocket
2024 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Cogn. Dev. Syst.
Ali Safa, Ilja Ocket, André Bourdoux, Hichem Sahli, Francky Catthoor, Georges G. E. Gielen
2024 J jnl
IEEE Access
Lourdes Farrugia, Emily Porter, Raquel C. Conceição, Simona Di Meo, Daniela M. Godinho, Julian Bonello, Mykolas Ragulskis, Ilja Ocket, Laura Farina, Marta Cavagnaro, Azadeh Peyman
2023 conf
IWAI
Ali Safa, Tim Verbelen, Lars Keuninckx, Ilja Ocket, André Bourdoux, Francky Catthoor, Georges G. E. Gielen, Gert Cauwenberghs
2023 J jnl
CoRR
Ali Safa, Tim Verbelen, Lars Keuninckx, Ilja Ocket, André Bourdoux, Francky Catthoor, Georges G. E. Gielen, Gert Cauwenberghs
2023 A* conf
ICRA
Ali Safa, Tim Verbelen, Ilja Ocket, André Bourdoux, Hichem Sahli, Francky Catthoor, Georges G. E. Gielen
2023 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Neural Networks Learn. Syst.
Ali Safa, Federico Corradi, Lars Keuninckx, Ilja Ocket, André Bourdoux, Francky Catthoor, Georges G. E. Gielen
2023 conf
NICE
Ali Safa, Ilja Ocket, Francky Catthoor, Georges G. E. Gielen
2022 J jnl
CoRR
Ali Safa, Ilja Ocket, André Bourdoux, Hichem Sahli, Francky Catthoor, Georges G. E. Gielen
2022 B conf
IJCNN
Ali Safa, Ilja Ocket, André Bourdoux, Hichem Sahli, Francky Catthoor, Georges G. E. Gielen
2022 conf
DroneSE/RAPIDO@HiPEAC
Ali Safa, Ilja Ocket, Francky Catthoor, Georges G. E. Gielen
2022 J jnl
IEEE Robotics Autom. Lett.
Ali Safa, Tim Verbelen, Ilja Ocket, André Bourdoux, Francky Catthoor, Georges G. E. Gielen
2022 J jnl
CoRR
Ali Safa, Tim Verbelen, Ilja Ocket, André Bourdoux, Hichem Sahli, Francky Catthoor, Georges G. E. Gielen
2022 conf
SSRR
Ali Safa, Tim Verbelen, Ilja Ocket, André Bourdoux, Hichem Sahli, Francky Catthoor, Georges G. E. Gielen
2022 J jnl
CoRR
Ali Safa, Tim Verbelen, Ilja Ocket, André Bourdoux, Hichem Sahli, Francky Catthoor, Georges G. E. Gielen
2021 conf
A-SSCC
Yuming He, Federico Corradi, Chengyao Shi, Ming Ding, Martijn Timmermans, Jan Stuijt, Pieter Harpe, Ilja Ocket, Yao-Hong Liu
2021 J jnl
CoRR
Ali Safa, Tim Verbelen, Lars Keuninckx, Ilja Ocket, Matthias Hartmann, André Bourdoux, Francky Catthoor, Georges G. E. Gielen
2021 J jnl
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens.
Ali Safa, Tim Verbelen, Lars Keuninckx, Ilja Ocket, Matthias Hartmann, André Bourdoux, Francky Catthoor, Georges G. E. Gielen
2021 J jnl
CoRR
Ali Safa, Tim Verbelen, Ilja Ocket, André Bourdoux, Francky Catthoor, Georges G. E. Gielen
2021 J jnl
CoRR
Ali Safa, Hichem Sahli, André Bourdoux, Ilja Ocket, Francky Catthoor, Georges G. E. Gielen
2020 J jnl
Sensors
Juncheng Bao, Gertjan Maenhout, Tomislav Markovic, Ilja Ocket, Bart Nauwelaers
2020 J jnl
Sensors
Gertjan Maenhout, Tomislav Markovic, Ilja Ocket, Bart Nauwelaers
2019 conf
ISSCC
Akshay Visweswaran, Kristof Vaesen, Siddhartha Sinha, Ilja Ocket, Miguel Glassee, Claude Desset, André Bourdoux, Piet Wambacq
2019 J jnl
Sensors
Tomislav Markovic, Juncheng Bao, Gertjan Maenhout, Ilja Ocket, Bart Nauwelaers
2017 J jnl
IEEE J. Solid State Circuits
Davide Guermandi, Qixian Shi, Andy Dewilde, Veerle Derudder, Ubaid Ahmad, Annachiara Spagnolo, Ilja Ocket, André Bourdoux, Piet Wambacq, Jan Craninckx, Wim Van Thillo
2016 conf
3DIC
Montserrat Fernandez-Bolaños, Wolfgang A. Vitale, Mariazel Maqueda Lopez, Adrian M. Ionescu, Armin Klumpp, Karl-Reinhard Merkel, Josef Weber, Peter Ramm, Ilja Ocket, Walter De Raedt, Amin Enayati
redb/extractors/malcontent.py
← Index redb/extractors/malcontent.py python
import inspect
import json
import subprocess
from typing import Any
from datetime import datetime, timezone

from redb.extractors.enum import Tag
from redb.models.dataclasses import Malcontent
from redb.extractors.extractor import Extractor
from dotenv import load_dotenv
import os

load_dotenv(override=True)


class MalcontentExtractor(Extractor):
    """
    Extractor for malcontent tool from chainguard-dev/malcontent.

    Malcontent discovers supply-chain compromises through context, differential
    analysis, and 14,000+ YARA rules. It analyzes binaries and code to detect
    malicious content and suspicious behavioral patterns.

    Binary can be extracted from Docker image:
        docker cp $(docker create cgr.dev/chainguard/malcontent:latest):/usr/bin/mal /usr/local/bin/mal

    Stores full JSON output for materialized view extraction.
    """

    # Cache version at class level to avoid repeated subprocess calls
    _cached_version = None

    def __init__(
        self,
        filepath,
        log,
        exporters=None,
        index_prefix=None,
        elastic_index=None,
        known_benign=False,
        known_malicious=False,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            filepath,
            log,
            exporters,
            index_prefix,
            elastic_index,
            known_benign,
            known_malicious
        )
        self.malcontent = None

    @classmethod
    def _get_malcontent_version(cls, log) -> str:
        """Get malcontent version, cached at class level."""
        if cls._cached_version is not None:
            return cls._cached_version

        malcontent_path = os.getenv("MALCONTENT_PATH", "/usr/local/bin/mal")
        try:
            result = subprocess.run(
                [malcontent_path, "--version"],
                capture_output=True,
                text=True,
                timeout=10
            )
            version_output = result.stdout.strip()
            if result.returncode == 0 and version_output:
                # Parse "malcontent version v1.21.5" -> "1.21.5"
                if version_output.startswith("malcontent version v"):
                    version_output = version_output[len("malcontent version v"):]
                elif version_output.startswith("malcontent version "):
                    version_output = version_output[len("malcontent version "):]
                cls._cached_version = version_output
            else:
                cls._cached_version = "unknown"
        except Exception as e:
            log.warning(f"Could not get malcontent version: {e}")
            cls._cached_version = "unknown"

        return cls._cached_version

    def _extract_malcontent(self):
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)
        TIMEOUT = int(os.getenv("MALCONTENT_TIMEOUT", "300"))
        malcontent_path = os.getenv("MALCONTENT_PATH", "/usr/local/bin/mal")

        malcontent_command = [malcontent_path, "analyze", "--format=json", self.filepath]

        import signal

        try:
            process = subprocess.Popen(
                malcontent_command,
                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                text=True,
                preexec_fn=os.setsid
            )

            try:
                stdout, stderr = process.communicate(timeout=TIMEOUT)
                if process.returncode != 0:
                    self.log.error(f"Error running malcontent, return code: {process.returncode}, stderr: {stderr}")
                    return {}
            except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
                self.log.warning(f"The malcontent command timed out after {TIMEOUT} seconds, terminating process group")
                try:
                    os.killpg(process.pid, signal.SIGTERM)
                    try:
                        process.wait(timeout=3)
                    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
                        self.log.warning("Process didn't terminate with SIGTERM, sending SIGKILL")
                        os.killpg(process.pid, signal.SIGKILL)
                    process.wait()
                except (ProcessLookupError, OSError) as e:
                    self.log.warning(f"Error while killing process: {e}")
                return {}

            try:
                malcontent_output = json.loads(stdout)
            except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
                self.log.error(f"Error parsing malcontent output: {e}")
                return {}

            # Unwrap the Files/<path> structure to get the inner content
            # Structure is: {"Files": {"/path/to/file": {<actual content>}}}
            files_dict = malcontent_output.get("Files", {})
            if not files_dict:
                self.log.warning("Malcontent output has no 'Files' key")
                return {}

            # Get the first (and only) file's content
            file_content = next(iter(files_dict.values()), {})
            if not file_content:
                self.log.warning("Malcontent output has empty file content")
                return {}

            # Extract risk score and level from the unwrapped content
            risk_score = file_content.get("RiskScore", 0)
            risk_level = file_content.get("RiskLevel", "")

            version = self._get_malcontent_version(self.log)

            self.malcontent = Malcontent(
                malcontent_dump=json.dumps(file_content),
                version=version,
                risk_score=risk_score,
                risk_level=risk_level
            )
            self.log.debug(f"Malcontent analysis complete, version={version}, risk={risk_level}({risk_score})")

        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Unexpected error in malcontent extraction: {str(e)}")
            if 'process' in locals() and process.poll() is None:
                try:
                    os.killpg(process.pid, signal.SIGKILL)
                    process.wait()
                except:
                    pass
            return {}

    def prepare_export_data(self, exporter_type: str) -> Any:
        if exporter_type == "ClickHouseExporter":
            current_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)

            data = [[
                self.sha256,
                current_time,
                self.malcontent.version,
                self.malcontent.risk_score,
                self.malcontent.risk_level,
                self.malcontent.malcontent_dump
            ]]

            column_names = [
                'sha256', 'analysis_date',
                'malcontent_version', 'malcontent_risk_score', 'malcontent_risk_level',
                'malcontent_json'
            ]

            column_type_names = [
                'FixedString(64)',
                'DateTime64(3, \'UTC\')',
                'LowCardinality(String)', 'UInt8', 'LowCardinality(String)',
                'JSON'
            ]

            return (data, column_names, column_type_names)

    def get_clickhouse_table(self) -> str:
        return "redb_malcontent"

    def extract(self):
        self.log.debug(inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name)
        try:
            self._extract_malcontent()
            return self.malcontent
        except Exception as e:
            self.log.error(f"Error extracting malcontent: {e}")
            return None

    def tag(self):
        return Tag.MALCONTENT.value