Haitao Jia

37 papers A* 2B 1C 7Journal 18Unranked 9
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2026 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput.
Tingyuan Yang, Shuyu Liu, Yanzhi Ren, Haitao Jia, Ziyu Shao, Hongbo Liu, Jiadi Yu, Hongwei Li
2026 A* conf
AAAI
Shiyue Huang, Yuchen Su, Hongbo Liu, Zikang Ding, Xuewan He, Yanzhi Ren, Haitao Jia
2025 J jnl
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens.
Tesfaye Adugna, Wenbo Xu, Jinlong Fan, Haitao Jia, Xin Luo
2025 B conf
TrustCom
Siqi Pei, Shiyue Huang, Hongbo Liu, Haitao Jia, Yanzhi Ren, Huan Dai, Jiadi Yu
2025 J jnl
CoRR
Haitao Jia, Ming He, Zimo Yin, Likang Wu, Jianping Fan, Jitao Sang
2025 J jnl
Mechatron. Syst. Control.
Haitao Jia, Jianguo Fang
2024 J jnl
PeerJ Comput. Sci.
Jianyu Guo, Jingnan Chen, Li Ren, Huanlai Zhou, Wenbo Xu, Haitao Jia
2024 C conf
IGARSS
Haitao Jia, Shiyi Xu, Jianhua Li, Zehang Lin, Wenbo Xu, Li Ren, Jian Li
2024 A* conf
NeurIPS
Junyang Wang, Haiyang Xu, Haitao Jia, Xi Zhang, Ming Yan, Weizhou Shen, Ji Zhang, Fei Huang, Jitao Sang
2024 J jnl
CoRR
Junyang Wang, Haiyang Xu, Haitao Jia, Xi Zhang, Ming Yan, Weizhou Shen, Ji Zhang, Fei Huang, Jitao Sang
2024 J jnl
Remote. Sens.
Tesfaye Adugna, Wenbo Xu, Jinlong Fan, Xin Luo, Haitao Jia
2024 J jnl
J. Softw. Evol. Process.
Chaochao Shen, Wenhua Yang, Haitao Jia, Minxue Pan, Yu Zhou
2023 J jnl
CoRR
Junyang Wang, Yuhang Wang, Guohai Xu, Jing Zhang, Yukai Gu, Haitao Jia, Ming Yan, Ji Zhang, Jitao Sang
2023 C conf
IGARSS
Michael Appiah-Twum, Haitao Jia, Wenbo Xu
2023 J jnl
Inf. Softw. Technol.
Haitao Jia, Wenhua Yang, Chaochao Shen, Minxue Pan, Yu Zhou
2023 C conf
IGARSS
Tesfaye Adugna, Haitao Jia, Wenbo Xu, Xin Luo, Jinlong Fan
2023 J jnl
J. Frankl. Inst.
Yali Cheng, Wenbo Xu, Haitao Jia, Shouming Zhong
2022 C conf
IGARSS
Tesfaye Adugna, Wenbo Xu, Haitao Jia, Jinlong Fan
2022 conf
ICCEIC
Xin Zhang, Yan Zhu, Li Deng, Jianyu Guo, Junnan Wu, Haitao Jia
2022 conf
HPCC/DSS/SmartCity/DependSys
Boyang Zhang, Wenbo Xu, Haitao Jia, Jiahao Li, Jingzhe Sun
2021 J jnl
Remote. Sens.
Yuwei Jin, Wenbo Xu, Ce Zhang, Xin Luo, Haitao Jia
2021 J jnl
Inf. Fusion
Yongzhi Long, Haitao Jia, Yida Zhong, Yadong Jiang, Yuming Jia
2020 J jnl
Remote. Sens.
Xin Luo, Xiaoyue Tian, Huijie Zhang, Weimin Hou, Geng Leng, Wenbo Xu, Haitao Jia, Xixu He, Meng Wang, Jian Zhang
2020 J jnl
Remote. Sens.
Yuwei Jin, Wenbo Xu, Zhongwen Hu, Haitao Jia, Xin Luo, Donghang Shao
2020 conf
ICCPR
Li Ren, Wenhao Deng, Lei Wang, Chen Mao, Yadong Jiang, Haitao Jia, Jing Li
2020 conf
ICCPR
Li Ren, Weifu Xian, Hao Tang, Yadong Jiang, Haitao Jia, Jing Li
2016 J jnl
Multim. Tools Appl.
Ke Zhang, Haitao Jia, Haibin Lv
2015 J jnl
J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst.
Xixu He, Leiting Chen, Haitao Jia
2015 J jnl
Int. J. Commun. Syst.
Ke Zhang, Chang Duan, Haitao Jia
2013 C conf
DASC
Haitao Jia, Mei Xie, Qian Tang, Wei Zhang
2013 C conf
DASC
Haitao Jia, Jian Li, Taoliu Yang, Wei Zhang
2013 C conf
DASC
Haitao Jia, Jian Li, Mei Xie
2011 conf
CHINACOM
Zhulin Zong, Jianhao Hu, Lidong Zhu, Haitao Jia
2010 conf
ICDIP
Ke Wang, Haitao Jia
2009 conf
ChinaGrid
Min Zhang, Haitao Jia, Shunsheng Zhang
2005 conf
Visual Information Processing
Haitao Jia, Mei Xie
2004 conf
SMC (7)
Haitao Jia, Li Cao
tests/unit/test_apk_strings_ioc.py
← Index tests/unit/test_apk_strings_ioc.py python
"""Tests for APK string extraction and IOC extraction integration.

Covers:
- APKCodeAnalyzer._extract_strings() — string extraction from DEX objects
- APKCodeAnalyzer._string_entropy() — Shannon entropy computation
- DecompileAPK strings export table schema
- IOCExtractorFromResults with APK-format analysis_results
- Worker IOC wiring for APK
"""
import os
import tempfile
from dataclasses import asdict
from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch

import pytest

from redb.extractors.ioc_extractor.ioc_extractor import IOCExtractorFromResults
from redb.extractors.ioc_extractor.standalone_ioc_extractor import (
    IOCType,
    SourceType,
)

pytestmark = [pytest.mark.unit, pytest.mark.apk]


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Helpers
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

def _make_analyzer(min_instructions=1):
    """Create an APKCodeAnalyzer with mocked dependencies."""
    with patch(
        "redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer.JADXDecompiler"
    ), patch(
        "redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer.ApktoolDisassembler"
    ):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import APKCodeAnalyzer
        analyzer = APKCodeAnalyzer("/fake/path.apk")
        analyzer.min_instructions = min_instructions
        return analyzer


def _make_mock_dex(strings):
    """Create a mock DEX object that returns the given strings."""
    dex = MagicMock()
    dex.get_strings.return_value = strings
    return dex


def _create_fake_apk_file():
    """Create a temporary file to act as a fake APK."""
    fd, path = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix=".apk")
    os.write(fd, b"PK\x03\x04fake apk content for hashing")
    os.close(fd)
    return path


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tests: _string_entropy
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class TestStringEntropy:
    """Tests for Shannon entropy computation."""

    def test_empty_string(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        assert analyzer._string_entropy("") == 0.0

    def test_single_char(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        assert analyzer._string_entropy("a") == 0.0

    def test_repeated_char(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        assert analyzer._string_entropy("aaaa") == 0.0

    def test_two_equal_chars(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        # "ab" -> entropy = 1.0
        assert abs(analyzer._string_entropy("ab") - 1.0) < 0.01

    def test_higher_entropy(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        # More variety = higher entropy
        low = analyzer._string_entropy("aabb")
        high = analyzer._string_entropy("abcd")
        assert high > low

    def test_url_string_entropy(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        entropy = analyzer._string_entropy("https://evil.com/payload")
        assert entropy > 2.0  # URLs have moderate entropy


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tests: _extract_strings
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class TestExtractStrings:
    """Tests for DEX string extraction."""

    def test_basic_extraction(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        dex = _make_mock_dex(["hello", "world"])
        result = analyzer._extract_strings([dex])

        assert len(result) == 2
        assert result[0]["string"] == "hello"
        assert result[1]["string"] == "world"

    def test_string_fields_present(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        dex = _make_mock_dex(["test_string"])
        result = analyzer._extract_strings([dex])

        entry = result[0]
        assert "string" in entry
        assert "string_encoding" in entry
        assert "string_offset" in entry
        assert "string_length" in entry
        assert "string_entropy" in entry
        assert entry["string_encoding"] == "UTF8"
        assert entry["string_length"] == len("test_string")

    def test_deduplication_across_dex(self):
        """Same string in multiple DEX files is only extracted once."""
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        dex1 = _make_mock_dex(["shared", "unique1"])
        dex2 = _make_mock_dex(["shared", "unique2"])
        result = analyzer._extract_strings([dex1, dex2])

        string_values = [s["string"] for s in result]
        assert string_values.count("shared") == 1
        assert "unique1" in string_values
        assert "unique2" in string_values
        assert len(result) == 3

    def test_empty_strings_filtered(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        dex = _make_mock_dex(["", "valid", None, "also_valid"])
        result = analyzer._extract_strings([dex])

        string_values = [s["string"] for s in result]
        assert "" not in string_values
        assert None not in string_values
        assert "valid" in string_values
        assert "also_valid" in string_values

    def test_no_dex_files(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        result = analyzer._extract_strings([])
        assert result == []

    def test_dex_get_strings_returns_none(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        dex = MagicMock()
        dex.get_strings.return_value = None
        result = analyzer._extract_strings([dex])
        assert result == []

    def test_dex_get_strings_exception(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        dex = MagicMock()
        dex.get_strings.side_effect = RuntimeError("corrupt DEX")
        result = analyzer._extract_strings([dex])
        assert result == []

    def test_entropy_computed(self):
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        dex = _make_mock_dex(["abcdefgh"])
        result = analyzer._extract_strings([dex])
        assert result[0]["string_entropy"] > 0.0

    def test_incremental_offsets(self):
        """String offsets are incremented sequentially."""
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        dex = _make_mock_dex(["a", "b", "c"])
        result = analyzer._extract_strings([dex])

        offsets = [s["string_offset"] for s in result]
        assert offsets == [0, 1, 2]

    def test_url_strings_preserved(self):
        """URL strings are extracted without modification."""
        analyzer = _make_analyzer()
        dex = _make_mock_dex([
            "https://evil.com/payload",
            "http://c2.malware.org/gate",
        ])
        result = analyzer._extract_strings([dex])
        strings = [s["string"] for s in result]
        assert "https://evil.com/payload" in strings
        assert "http://c2.malware.org/gate" in strings


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tests: strings in extract() integration
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class TestExtractStringsIntegration:
    """Tests that strings are included in extract() results."""

    @patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer.APKCodeAnalyzer._run_androguard")
    @patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer.ApktoolDisassembler")
    @patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer.JADXDecompiler")
    def test_extract_includes_strings(self, mock_jadx, mock_apktool, mock_androguard):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import APKCodeAnalyzer

        mock_dex = _make_mock_dex(["hello", "world"])
        mock_analysis = MagicMock()
        mock_analysis.get_methods.return_value = []
        mock_androguard.return_value = (MagicMock(), [mock_dex], mock_analysis)

        analyzer = APKCodeAnalyzer("/fake/path.apk", log=MagicMock())
        results = analyzer.extract()

        assert "strings" in results
        assert len(results["strings"]) == 2
        assert results["strings"][0]["string"] == "hello"
        analyzer.cleanup()

    @patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer.APKCodeAnalyzer._run_androguard")
    @patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer.ApktoolDisassembler")
    @patch("redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer.JADXDecompiler")
    def test_extract_strings_error_is_non_fatal(self, mock_jadx, mock_apktool, mock_androguard):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.analyzer import APKCodeAnalyzer

        # Return a bad dex list that will cause _extract_strings to fail
        mock_analysis = MagicMock()
        mock_analysis.get_methods.return_value = []
        # dexs is not iterable — triggers the except block
        mock_androguard.return_value = (MagicMock(), 42, mock_analysis)

        analyzer = APKCodeAnalyzer("/fake/path.apk", log=MagicMock())
        results = analyzer.extract()

        # Should not crash, strings should be empty, error recorded
        assert results["strings"] == []
        assert any(
            e.get("error_location") == "strings"
            for e in results["analysis_errors"]
        )
        analyzer.cleanup()


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tests: DecompileAPK strings export table
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class TestDecompileAPKStringsExport:
    """Tests for strings table in DecompileAPK.prepare_export_data()."""

    def _make_extractor_with_strings(self, strings_data):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.DecompileAPK import DecompileAPK
        apk_path = _create_fake_apk_file()
        ext = DecompileAPK(apk_path, MagicMock())
        ext.analysis_results = {
            "sha256": "a" * 64,
            "sha1": "b" * 40,
            "md5": "c" * 32,
            "decompiled_content": [],
            "decompiled_refs": [],
            "smali_content": [],
            "smali_refs": [],
            "similarity_metrics": [],
            "strings": strings_data,
            "analysis_errors": [],
        }
        return ext, apk_path

    def test_strings_table_present(self):
        ext, path = self._make_extractor_with_strings([
            {"string": "hello", "string_encoding": "UTF8",
             "string_offset": 0, "string_length": 5, "string_entropy": 2.32}
        ])
        try:
            export = ext.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
            assert "strings_raw" in export
        finally:
            os.unlink(path)

    def test_strings_table_schema(self):
        ext, path = self._make_extractor_with_strings([
            {"string": "hello", "string_encoding": "UTF8",
             "string_offset": 0, "string_length": 5, "string_entropy": 2.32}
        ])
        try:
            export = ext.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
            sr = export["strings_raw"]
            assert sr["table"] == "code_binja_strings_raw"
            assert len(sr["column_names"]) == 8
            assert len(sr["column_type_names"]) == 8
            assert "sha256" in sr["column_names"]
            assert "string" in sr["column_names"]
            assert "string_raw" in sr["column_names"]
            assert "string_encoding" in sr["column_names"]
            assert "string_offset" in sr["column_names"]
            assert "string_length" in sr["column_names"]
            assert "string_raw_length" in sr["column_names"]
            assert "string_entropy" in sr["column_names"]
            assert len(sr["data"]) == 1
            assert len(sr["data"][0]) == 8
        finally:
            os.unlink(path)

    def test_strings_sha256_propagated(self):
        ext, path = self._make_extractor_with_strings([
            {"string": "test", "string_encoding": "UTF8",
             "string_offset": 0, "string_length": 4, "string_entropy": 2.0}
        ])
        try:
            export = ext.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
            row = export["strings_raw"]["data"][0]
            assert row[0] == "a" * 64  # sha256 is first column
        finally:
            os.unlink(path)

    def test_empty_strings_not_exported(self):
        ext, path = self._make_extractor_with_strings([])
        try:
            export = ext.prepare_export_data("ClickHouseExporter")
            assert "strings_raw" not in export
        finally:
            os.unlink(path)


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tests: IOCExtractorFromResults with APK format
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class TestIOCExtractorAPKFormat:
    """Tests that IOCExtractorFromResults handles APK analysis_results."""

    def setup_method(self):
        self.log = MagicMock()

    def test_extract_iocs_from_apk_strings(self):
        """IOCs extracted from APK strings (same format as Binja)."""
        results = {
            "strings": [
                {"string": "https://evil.com/payload", "string_offset": 0},
                {"string": "Contact [email protected]", "string_offset": 1},
            ],
            "decompiled": [],
            "decompiled_content": [],
        }
        extractor = IOCExtractorFromResults(results, sha256="a" * 64, log=self.log)
        iocs = extractor.extract()

        url_iocs = [i for i in iocs if i.ioc_type == IOCType.URL]
        assert len(url_iocs) >= 1
        assert any("evil.com" in i.ioc_value for i in url_iocs)

    def test_extract_iocs_from_apk_decompiled_content(self):
        """IOCs extracted from APK's decompiled_content key."""
        results = {
            "strings": [],
            "decompiled": [],  # Binja format — empty
            "decompiled_content": [  # APK format
                {
                    "decompiled_method": "connect('https://c2.malware.org/gate');",
                    "decompiled_method_hash": "hash123",
                    "method_type": "USER",
                }
            ],
        }
        extractor = IOCExtractorFromResults(results, sha256="a" * 64, log=self.log)
        iocs = extractor.extract()

        url_iocs = [i for i in iocs if i.ioc_type == IOCType.URL]
        assert len(url_iocs) >= 1

    def test_apk_library_methods_skipped(self):
        """LIBRARY methods in decompiled_content are skipped."""
        results = {
            "strings": [],
            "decompiled": [],
            "decompiled_content": [
                {
                    "decompiled_method": "https://should-skip.com",
                    "decompiled_method_hash": "lib_hash",
                    "method_type": "LIBRARY",
                }
            ],
        }
        extractor = IOCExtractorFromResults(results, sha256="a" * 64, log=self.log)
        iocs = extractor.extract()
        assert len(iocs) == 0

    def test_combined_binja_and_apk_sources(self):
        """Both Binja and APK format decompiled entries are processed."""
        results = {
            "strings": [],
            "decompiled": [
                {
                    "decompiled_function": "call('https://binja.example.com');",
                    "decompiled_function_hash": "binja_hash",
                    "function_type": "USER",
                }
            ],
            "decompiled_content": [
                {
                    "decompiled_method": "send('https://apk.example.com');",
                    "decompiled_method_hash": "apk_hash",
                    "method_type": "USER",
                }
            ],
        }
        extractor = IOCExtractorFromResults(results, sha256="a" * 64, log=self.log)
        iocs = extractor.extract()

        url_iocs = [i for i in iocs if i.ioc_type == IOCType.URL]
        urls = [i.ioc_value for i in url_iocs]
        assert any("binja.example.com" in u for u in urls)
        assert any("apk.example.com" in u for u in urls)

    def test_apk_results_only(self):
        """Works when only APK keys are present (no 'decompiled' key)."""
        results = {
            "strings": [
                {"string": "https://evil.com", "string_offset": 0},
            ],
            "decompiled_content": [
                {
                    "decompiled_method": "x = 1",
                    "decompiled_method_hash": "h",
                    "method_type": "USER",
                }
            ],
        }
        extractor = IOCExtractorFromResults(results, sha256="a" * 64, log=self.log)
        iocs = extractor.extract()
        # Should not crash, and should find URL from strings
        url_iocs = [i for i in iocs if i.ioc_type == IOCType.URL]
        assert len(url_iocs) >= 1

    def test_source_type_is_string_for_strings(self):
        results = {
            "strings": [
                {"string": "https://evil.com/test", "string_offset": 42},
            ],
            "decompiled_content": [],
        }
        extractor = IOCExtractorFromResults(results, sha256="a" * 64, log=self.log)
        iocs = extractor.extract()
        url_iocs = [i for i in iocs if i.ioc_type == IOCType.URL]
        assert url_iocs[0].source_type == SourceType.STRING
        assert url_iocs[0].source_identifier == "42"

    def test_source_type_is_decompiled_for_methods(self):
        results = {
            "strings": [],
            "decompiled_content": [
                {
                    "decompiled_method": "https://evil.com/method",
                    "decompiled_method_hash": "myhash",
                    "method_type": "USER",
                }
            ],
        }
        extractor = IOCExtractorFromResults(results, sha256="a" * 64, log=self.log)
        iocs = extractor.extract()
        url_iocs = [i for i in iocs if i.ioc_type == IOCType.URL]
        assert url_iocs[0].source_type == SourceType.DECOMPILED_FUNCTION
        assert url_iocs[0].source_identifier == "myhash"


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tests: Worker IOC wiring for APK
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class TestWorkerAPKIOCWiring:
    """Tests that workers.py wires IOC extraction for APK."""

    def test_worker_source_contains_ioc_for_apk(self):
        """Verify workers.py source has IOC extraction in APK branch."""
        import inspect
        from redb import workers
        source = inspect.getsource(workers)
        # APK branch should import IOCExtractorFromResults
        assert "IOCExtractorFromResults" in source
        # Should be in the APK section (near DecompileAPK)
        apk_section = source[source.index("DecompileAPK("):]
        ioc_pos = apk_section.find("IOCExtractorFromResults")
        assert ioc_pos != -1, "IOCExtractorFromResults not found after DecompileAPK"