Cem Gokmen

18 papers A* 4Misc 4Journal 10
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2025 J jnl
CoRR
Yunfan Jiang, Ruohan Zhang, Josiah Wong, Chen Wang, Yanjie Ze, Hang Yin, Cem Gokmen, Shuran Song, Jiajun Wu, Li Fei-Fei
2025 J jnl
CoRR
Chengshu Li, Mengdi Xu, Arpit Bahety, Hang Yin, Yunfan Jiang, Huang Huang, Josiah Wong, Sujay Garlanka, Cem Gokmen, Ruohan Zhang, Weiyu Liu, Jiajun Wu, Roberto Martín-Martín, Li Fei-Fei
2024 Misc conf
CoRL
Tianyuan Dai, Josiah Wong, Yunfan Jiang, Chen Wang, Cem Gokmen, Ruohan Zhang, Jiajun Wu, Li Fei-Fei
2024 J jnl
CoRR
Tianyuan Dai, Josiah Wong, Yunfan Jiang, Chen Wang, Cem Gokmen, Ruohan Zhang, Jiajun Wu, Li Fei-Fei
2024 A* conf
CVPR
Yunhao Ge, Yihe Tang, Jiashu Xu, Cem Gokmen, Chengshu Li, Wensi Ai, Benjamin Jose Martinez, Arman Aydin, Mona Anvari, Ayush K. Chakravarthy, Hong-Xing Yu, Josiah Wong, Sanjana Srivastava, Sharon Lee, Shengxin Zha, Laurent Itti, Yunzhu Li, Roberto Martín-Martín, Miao Liu, Pengchuan Zhang, Ruohan Zhang, Li Fei-Fei, Jiajun Wu
2024 J jnl
CoRR
Yunhao Ge, Yihe Tang, Jiashu Xu, Cem Gokmen, Chengshu Li, Wensi Ai, Benjamin Jose Martinez, Arman Aydin, Mona Anvari, Ayush K. Chakravarthy, Hong-Xing Yu, Josiah Wong, Sanjana Srivastava, Sharon Lee, Shengxin Zha, Laurent Itti, Yunzhu Li, Roberto Martín-Martín, Miao Liu, Pengchuan Zhang, Ruohan Zhang, Li Fei-Fei, Jiajun Wu
2024 J jnl
CoRR
Chengshu Li, Ruohan Zhang, Josiah Wong, Cem Gokmen, Sanjana Srivastava, Roberto Martín-Martín, Chen Wang, Gabrael Levine, Wensi Ai, Benjamin Jose Martinez, Hang Yin, Michael Lingelbach, Minjune Hwang, Ayano Hiranaka, Sujay Garlanka, Arman Aydin, Sharon Lee, Jiankai Sun, Mona Anvari, Manasi Sharma, Dhruva Bansal, Samuel Hunter, Kyu-Young Kim, Alan Lou, Caleb R. Matthews, Ivan Villa-Renteria, Jerry Huayang Tang, Claire Tang, Fei Xia, Yunzhu Li, Silvio Savarese, Hyowon Gweon, C. Karen Liu, Jiajun Wu, Li Fei-Fei
2024 A* conf
NeurIPS
Manling Li, Shiyu Zhao, Qineng Wang, Kangrui Wang, Yu Zhou, Sanjana Srivastava, Cem Gokmen, Tony Lee, Li Erran Li, Ruohan Zhang, Weiyu Liu, Percy Liang, Li Fei-Fei, Jiayuan Mao, Jiajun Wu
2024 J jnl
CoRR
Manling Li, Shiyu Zhao, Qineng Wang, Kangrui Wang, Yu Zhou, Sanjana Srivastava, Cem Gokmen, Tony Lee, Li Erran Li, Ruohan Zhang, Weiyu Liu, Percy Liang, Li Fei-Fei, Jiayuan Mao, Jiajun Wu
2023 A* conf
ICRA
Cem Gokmen, Daniel Ho, Mohi Khansari
2023 J jnl
CoRR
Cem Gokmen, Daniel Ho, Mohi Khansari
2022 Misc conf
CoRL
Chengshu Li, Ruohan Zhang, Josiah Wong, Cem Gokmen, Sanjana Srivastava, Roberto Martín-Martín, Chen Wang, Gabrael Levine, Michael Lingelbach, Jiankai Sun, Mona Anvari, Minjune Hwang, Manasi Sharma, Arman Aydin, Dhruva Bansal, Samuel Hunter, Kyu-Young Kim, Alan Lou, Caleb R. Matthews, Ivan Villa-Renteria, Jerry Huayang Tang, Claire Tang, Fei Xia, Silvio Savarese, Hyowon Gweon, C. Karen Liu, Jiajun Wu, Li Fei-Fei
2021 Misc conf
CoRL
Sanjana Srivastava, Chengshu Li, Michael Lingelbach, Roberto Martín-Martín, Fei Xia, Kent Elliott Vainio, Zheng Lian, Cem Gokmen, Shyamal Buch, C. Karen Liu, Silvio Savarese, Hyowon Gweon, Jiajun Wu, Li Fei-Fei
2021 J jnl
CoRR
Sanjana Srivastava, Chengshu Li, Michael Lingelbach, Roberto Martín-Martín, Fei Xia, Kent Vainio, Zheng Lian, Cem Gokmen, Shyamal Buch, C. Karen Liu, Silvio Savarese, Hyowon Gweon, Jiajun Wu, Li Fei-Fei
2021 Misc conf
CoRL
Chengshu Li, Fei Xia, Roberto Martín-Martín, Michael Lingelbach, Sanjana Srivastava, Bokui Shen, Kent Elliott Vainio, Cem Gokmen, Gokul Dharan, Tanish Jain, Andrey Kurenkov, C. Karen Liu, Hyowon Gweon, Jiajun Wu, Li Fei-Fei, Silvio Savarese
2021 J jnl
CoRR
Chengshu Li, Fei Xia, Roberto Martín-Martín, Michael Lingelbach, Sanjana Srivastava, Bokui Shen, Kent Vainio, Cem Gokmen, Gokul Dharan, Tanish Jain, Andrey Kurenkov, C. Karen Liu, Hyowon Gweon, Jiajun Wu, Li Fei-Fei, Silvio Savarese
2018 J jnl
CoRR
Sarah Cannon, Joshua J. Daymude, Cem Gokmen, Dana Randall, Andréa W. Richa
2018 A* conf
PODC
Sarah Cannon, Joshua J. Daymude, Cem Gokmen, Dana Randall, Andréa W. Richa
tests/unit/test_smali_normalization.py
← Index tests/unit/test_smali_normalization.py python
"""Unit tests for smali semantic normalization.

Tests the three normalization levels (category, opcode, opcode_api),
opcode categorization, ACFG feature index mapping, and integration
with MinHash computation.
"""
import pytest

pytestmark = [pytest.mark.unit, pytest.mark.apk, pytest.mark.decompile]


class TestCategorizeOpcode:
    """Tests for opcode -> semantic category mapping."""

    def test_arithmetic(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import categorize_opcode
        assert categorize_opcode("add-int") == "ALU"
        assert categorize_opcode("mul-long/2addr") == "ALU"
        assert categorize_opcode("neg-int") == "ALU"

    def test_data_movement(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import categorize_opcode
        assert categorize_opcode("move-result") == "MOV"
        assert categorize_opcode("const/4") == "CONST"
        assert categorize_opcode("const-string") == "CONST"

    def test_memory_access(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import categorize_opcode
        assert categorize_opcode("iget-object") == "LOAD"
        assert categorize_opcode("sput-wide") == "STORE"
        assert categorize_opcode("aget-byte") == "LOAD"

    def test_invocation(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import categorize_opcode
        assert categorize_opcode("invoke-virtual") == "CALL"
        assert categorize_opcode("invoke-static") == "CALL"
        assert categorize_opcode("invoke-direct") == "CALL"

    def test_control_flow(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import categorize_opcode
        assert categorize_opcode("if-eqz") == "BRANCH"
        assert categorize_opcode("goto") == "JMP"
        assert categorize_opcode("goto/16") == "JMP"
        assert categorize_opcode("return-void") == "RET"

    def test_comparison(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import categorize_opcode
        assert categorize_opcode("cmp-long") == "CMP"
        assert categorize_opcode("cmpl-float") == "CMP"
        assert categorize_opcode("cmpg-double") == "CMP"

    def test_conversion(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import categorize_opcode
        assert categorize_opcode("int-to-long") == "CONV"
        assert categorize_opcode("float-to-int") == "CONV"

    def test_object_type(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import categorize_opcode
        assert categorize_opcode("new-instance") == "ALLOC"
        assert categorize_opcode("check-cast") == "TYPE"
        assert categorize_opcode("instance-of") == "TYPE"

    def test_exception_sync(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import categorize_opcode
        assert categorize_opcode("throw") == "EXC"
        assert categorize_opcode("monitor-enter") == "SYNC"

    def test_unknown(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import categorize_opcode
        assert categorize_opcode("nop") == "OTHER"


class TestNormalizeInstruction:
    """Tests for single instruction normalization at various levels."""

    def test_category_level(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        assert normalize_instruction("add-int v0, v1, v2", "category") == "ALU"
        assert normalize_instruction("invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V", "category") == "CALL"
        assert normalize_instruction("return-void", "category") == "RET"

    def test_opcode_level_strips_width(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        # Width variants collapse to same base
        assert normalize_instruction("add-int v0, v1, v2", "opcode") == "add"
        assert normalize_instruction("add-long v0, v2, v4", "opcode") == "add"
        assert normalize_instruction("add-float v0, v1, v2", "opcode") == "add"
        # Addressing modes collapse too
        assert normalize_instruction("add-int/2addr v0, v1", "opcode") == "add"

    def test_opcode_api_invoke(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        result = normalize_instruction(
            "invoke-virtual {p0, v0}, Lcom/example/Foo;->bar(I)V"
        )
        assert result == "CALL Lcom/example/Foo;->bar(I)V"

    def test_opcode_api_invoke_no_ref(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        # If somehow no method ref is found, fallback to CALL
        assert normalize_instruction("invoke-virtual {v0}") == "CALL"

    def test_opcode_api_field_load(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        result = normalize_instruction(
            "iget-object v0, p0, Lcom/Foo;->mField:Ljava/lang/String;"
        )
        assert result == "LOAD Lcom/Foo;->mField:Ljava/lang/String;"

    def test_opcode_api_field_store(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        result = normalize_instruction(
            "iput-object v0, p0, Lcom/Foo;->mField:Ljava/lang/String;"
        )
        assert result == "STORE Lcom/Foo;->mField:Ljava/lang/String;"

    def test_opcode_api_androguard_field_format(self):
        """androguard uses space instead of colon in field references."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        result = normalize_instruction(
            "iget-object v0, p0, Lcom/Foo;->mField Ljava/lang/String;"
        )
        assert result.startswith("LOAD")
        assert "Lcom/Foo;->mField" in result

    def test_opcode_api_new_instance(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        result = normalize_instruction(
            "new-instance v0, Lcom/example/MyClass;"
        )
        assert result == "ALLOC Lcom/example/MyClass;"

    def test_opcode_api_const_string(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        result = normalize_instruction(
            'const-string v0, "hello world"'
        )
        assert result == 'CONST_STR "hello world"'

    def test_opcode_api_const_string_jumbo(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        result = normalize_instruction(
            'const-string/jumbo v0, "large string"'
        )
        assert result == 'CONST_STR "large string"'

    def test_opcode_api_fallback_to_category(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        # Non-special instructions fall back to category
        assert normalize_instruction("add-int v0, v1, v2") == "ALU"
        assert normalize_instruction("return-void") == "RET"
        assert normalize_instruction("nop") == "OTHER"

    def test_empty_input(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_instruction
        assert normalize_instruction("") == ""
        assert normalize_instruction("   ") == ""


class TestNormalizeMethodBody:
    """Tests for full method body normalization."""

    def test_filters_directives_labels_comments(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_method_body
        body = """\
.locals 2
# comment
:label_0
add-int v0, v1, v2
.line 42
invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V
return-void
"""
        result = normalize_method_body(body, "category")
        assert result == ["ALU", "CALL", "RET"]

    def test_opcode_api_preserves_api_refs(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_method_body
        body = """\
const/4 v0, 0x0
invoke-virtual {p0, v0}, Lcom/Foo;->setX(I)V
iget-object v1, p0, Lcom/Foo;->name:Ljava/lang/String;
return-void
"""
        result = normalize_method_body(body, "opcode_api")
        assert result[0] == "CONST"
        assert result[1] == "CALL Lcom/Foo;->setX(I)V"
        assert result[2] == "LOAD Lcom/Foo;->name:Ljava/lang/String;"
        assert result[3] == "RET"

    def test_empty_body(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_normalization import normalize_method_body
        assert normalize_method_body("") == []
        assert normalize_method_body("\n\n") == []


class TestNormalizationWithMinHash:
    """Integration tests: normalization + MinHash computation."""

    def test_minhash_returns_signature(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_minhash
        body = """\
const/4 v0, 0x0
invoke-virtual {p0, v0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar(I)V
iget-object v1, p0, Lcom/Foo;->name:Ljava/lang/String;
add-int v2, v0, v1
return-void
"""
        sig = compute_minhash(body)
        assert sig is not None
        assert len(sig) == 64
        assert all(0 <= v < 256 for v in sig)

    def test_minhash_register_invariance(self):
        """Same operations with different registers should produce identical signatures."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_minhash
        body_a = """\
const/4 v0, 0x0
invoke-virtual {p0, v0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar(I)V
iget-object v1, p0, Lcom/Foo;->name:Ljava/lang/String;
add-int v2, v0, v1
return-void
"""
        body_b = """\
const/4 v3, 0x0
invoke-virtual {p1, v3}, Lcom/Foo;->bar(I)V
iget-object v4, p1, Lcom/Foo;->name:Ljava/lang/String;
add-int v5, v3, v4
return-void
"""
        sig_a = compute_minhash(body_a)
        sig_b = compute_minhash(body_b)
        assert sig_a == sig_b

    def test_minhash_width_invariance(self):
        """Width variants of same operations should produce identical signatures."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_minhash
        body_int = """\
add-int v0, v1, v2
sub-int v3, v0, v1
mul-int v4, v0, v3
return v4
"""
        body_long = """\
add-long v0, v2, v4
sub-long v6, v0, v2
mul-long v8, v0, v6
return-wide v8
"""
        sig_int = compute_minhash(body_int)
        sig_long = compute_minhash(body_long)
        # Both normalize to ALU, ALU, ALU, RET -> identical
        assert sig_int == sig_long

    def test_minhash_different_apis_differ(self):
        """Methods calling different APIs should produce different signatures."""
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_minhash
        body_a = """\
const/4 v0, 0x0
invoke-virtual {p0, v0}, Lcom/crypto/AES;->encrypt([B)[B
invoke-virtual {v0}, Ljava/io/OutputStream;->write([B)V
return-void
"""
        body_b = """\
const/4 v0, 0x0
invoke-virtual {p0, v0}, Ljava/lang/String;->length()I
invoke-virtual {v0}, Ljava/io/PrintStream;->println(I)V
return-void
"""
        sig_a = compute_minhash(body_a)
        sig_b = compute_minhash(body_b)
        assert sig_a != sig_b

    def test_minhash_too_few_instructions(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.method_extractor import compute_minhash
        assert compute_minhash("return-void\nnop") is None


class TestACFGBlockFeatures:
    """Tests for per-block ACFG feature extraction via smali_cfg."""

    def test_simple_linear_method(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import compute_cfg_metrics
        body = """\
add-int v0, v1, v2
invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->bar()V
return-void
"""
        metrics = compute_cfg_metrics(body)
        assert metrics.block_count >= 1
        assert len(metrics.block_features) == metrics.block_count
        # Each feature vector has 8 elements
        for feat in metrics.block_features:
            assert len(feat) == 8

    def test_branching_method_has_multiple_blocks(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import compute_cfg_metrics
        body = """\
const/4 v0, 0x0
if-eqz v0, :cond_0
invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->a()V
goto :goto_0
:cond_0
invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/Foo;->b()V
:goto_0
return-void
"""
        metrics = compute_cfg_metrics(body)
        assert metrics.block_count >= 3
        assert len(metrics.block_features) == metrics.block_count

    def test_feature_vector_arithmetic_count(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import compute_cfg_metrics
        body = """\
add-int v0, v1, v2
sub-int v3, v0, v1
mul-int v4, v0, v3
return v4
"""
        metrics = compute_cfg_metrics(body)
        assert len(metrics.block_features) == 1
        feat = metrics.block_features[0]
        # feat[0] = instr_count (4), feat[1] = arithmetic (3)
        assert feat[0] == 4
        assert feat[1] >= 3  # 3 ALU ops

    def test_feature_vector_call_count(self):
        from redb.extractors.decompiler.apk.smali_cfg import compute_cfg_metrics
        body = """\
invoke-virtual {p0}, Lcom/A;->a()V
invoke-static {v0}, Lcom/B;->b()V
return-void
"""
        metrics = compute_cfg_metrics(body)
        feat = metrics.block_features[0]
        # feat[4] = call count
        assert feat[4] == 2