Ce Liu

28 papers A* 2A 1B 2C 1Journal 15Unranked 7
YearRankTypeTitle / Venue / Authors
2025 J jnl
CoRR
Zhipeng Weng, Xiaopeng Liu, Ce Liu, Xingyuan Guo, Yukai Shi, Liang Lin
2025 J jnl
Internet Technol. Lett.
Fang Wang, Ce Liu, Ying Shen
2025 J jnl
CoRR
Yuqi Hu, Longguang Wang, Xian Liu, Ling-Hao Chen, Yuwei Guo, Yukai Shi, Ce Liu, Anyi Rao, Zeyu Wang, Hui Xiong
2024 J jnl
Comput. Electron. Agric.
Dongbo Xie, Zhiqiang Li, Ce Liu, Gang Zhao, Liqing Chen
2024 J jnl
Comput. Electron. Agric.
Dongbo Xie, Jiaxun He, Tao Liu, Ce Liu, Gang Zhao, Liqing Chen
2024 J jnl
J. Intell. Robotic Syst.
Ce Liu
2023 J jnl
Sensors
Ce Liu, Chunyuan Zhao, Yubo Wang, Haowei Wang
2022 conf
ASCC
Ce Liu
2021 J jnl
Signal Image Video Process.
Yan Yang, Ce Liu
2019 J jnl
Soft Comput.
Dansong Cheng, Yongqiang Zhang, Feng Tian, Ce Liu, Xiaofang Liu
2019 J jnl
Multim. Tools Appl.
Dansong Cheng, Yongqiang Zhang, Ce Liu, Xiaofang Liu
2017 A conf
ICDAR
Tonghua Su, Hongliang Dai, Ce Liu, Lijun Yu
2017 conf
ACPR
Ce Liu, Tonghua Su, Lijuan Yu
2016 C conf
HSI
Xiaofeng Liu, Xu Zhou, Ce Liu, Jianmin Wang, Xiaoqin Zhou, Ning Xu, Aimin Jiang
2016 B conf
ICFHR
Li Sun, Tonghua Su, Ce Liu, Ruigang Wang
2015 conf
ICCE-TW
Xiaofeng Liu, Ce Liu, Xu Zhou, Xiaoqin Zhou, Aimin Jiang
2015 conf
ICDM Workshops
Ce Liu, Qiang Qu
2015 J jnl
Frontiers Comput. Sci.
Siyuan Liu, Shuhui Wang, Ce Liu, Ramayya Krishnan
2014 A* conf
INFOCOM
Xiaonan Guo, Eddie C. L. Chan, Ce Liu, Kaishun Wu, Siyuan Liu, Lionel M. Ni
2013 A* conf
ICCV
Phillip Isola, Ce Liu
2012 B conf
MDM
Siyuan Liu, Ce Liu, Qiong Luo, Lionel M. Ni, Ramayya Krishnan
2012 conf
ICC
Ce Liu, Siyuan Liu, Mounir Hamdi
2011 conf
GIS
Siyuan Liu, Ce Liu, Qiong Luo, Lionel M. Ni, Huamin Qu
2001 conf
IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia
Chenyu Wu, Ce Liu, Jie Zhou
2000 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Jing Li, Ce Liu
1999 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Zhixiong Wu, Ce Liu
1991 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Ce Liu, Liang C. Shen
1991 J jnl
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens.
Ce Liu, Liang C. Shen
tests/unit/test_apk_dataclasses.py
← Index tests/unit/test_apk_dataclasses.py python
"""
Unit tests for APK dataclasses in redb/models/dataclasses.py.
"""
import pytest
from dataclasses import asdict, fields

pytestmark = [pytest.mark.unit, pytest.mark.dataclass, pytest.mark.apk]


# ============================================================================
# APKFeatures
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKFeaturesDataclass:
    """Tests for APKFeatures dataclass."""

    def test_named_fields(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKFeatures

        f = APKFeatures(
            package_name="com.example.app",
            app_name="Example App",
            version_code=1,
            version_name="1.0.0",
        )
        assert f.package_name == "com.example.app"
        assert f.app_name == "Example App"
        assert f.version_code == 1
        assert f.version_name == "1.0.0"

    def test_all_fields_default_none_or_safe(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKFeatures

        f = APKFeatures()
        # Nullable fields default to None
        assert f.package_name is None
        assert f.app_name is None
        assert f.version_code is None
        assert f.version_name is None
        assert f.min_sdk_version is None
        assert f.target_sdk_version is None
        assert f.compile_sdk_version is None
        assert f.main_activity is None
        # Non-nullable fields have safe defaults
        assert f.is_debuggable is False
        assert f.allow_backup is True
        assert f.uses_cleartext_traffic is False
        assert f.supported_abis == []
        assert f.dex_count == 0
        assert f.total_dex_size == 0
        assert f.total_file_count == 0
        assert f.has_native_code is False
        assert f.has_assets is False
        assert f.uses_libraries == []
        assert f.earliest_content_modification is None
        assert f.latest_content_modification is None
        assert f.contains_embedded_apk is False

    def test_all_fields_populated(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKFeatures

        f = APKFeatures(
            package_name="com.malware.test",
            app_name="Malware",
            version_code=42,
            version_name="6.6.6",
            min_sdk_version=21,
            target_sdk_version=33,
            compile_sdk_version=33,
            main_activity="com.malware.test.MainActivity",
            is_debuggable=True,
            allow_backup=False,
            uses_cleartext_traffic=True,
            supported_abis=["armeabi-v7a", "arm64-v8a", "x86"],
            dex_count=3,
            total_dex_size=5000000,
            total_file_count=200,
            has_native_code=True,
            has_assets=True,
            uses_libraries=["com.google.android.maps"],
            earliest_content_modification="2024-01-01T00:00:00Z",
            latest_content_modification="2024-06-15T12:00:00Z",
            contains_embedded_apk=True,
        )
        assert f.is_debuggable is True
        assert f.dex_count == 3
        assert len(f.supported_abis) == 3
        assert f.contains_embedded_apk is True

    def test_asdict_roundtrip(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKFeatures

        f = APKFeatures(
            package_name="com.test",
            app_name="Test",
            version_code=1,
            version_name="1.0",
        )
        d = asdict(f)
        assert d["package_name"] == "com.test"
        assert d["is_debuggable"] is False
        assert d["supported_abis"] == []

    def test_partial_extraction(self):
        """Verify that APKFeatures can be created with only some fields populated,
        simulating a partial extraction where some fields failed."""
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKFeatures

        f = APKFeatures(
            package_name="com.example.app",
            # app_name failed to extract — left as None
            version_code=10,
            # version_name failed to extract — left as None
            is_debuggable=True,
            dex_count=2,
        )
        assert f.package_name == "com.example.app"
        assert f.app_name is None
        assert f.version_code == 10
        assert f.version_name is None
        assert f.is_debuggable is True
        assert f.dex_count == 2


# ============================================================================
# APKManifestComponent
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKManifestComponentDataclass:

    def test_creation(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKManifestComponent

        c = APKManifestComponent(
            component_type="activity",
            class_name="com.example.MainActivity",
            is_exported=True,
            intent_actions=["android.intent.action.MAIN"],
            intent_categories=["android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"],
        )
        assert c.component_type == "activity"
        assert c.class_name == "com.example.MainActivity"
        assert c.is_exported is True
        assert len(c.intent_actions) == 1
        assert len(c.intent_categories) == 1

    def test_defaults(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKManifestComponent

        c = APKManifestComponent(
            component_type="service",
            class_name="com.example.MyService",
            is_exported=False,
        )
        assert c.intent_actions == []
        assert c.intent_categories == []


# ============================================================================
# APKManifest
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKManifestDataclass:

    def test_required_fields(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKManifest

        m = APKManifest(
            activity_count=5,
            service_count=2,
            receiver_count=3,
            provider_count=1,
        )
        assert m.activity_count == 5
        assert m.service_count == 2
        assert m.receiver_count == 3
        assert m.provider_count == 1

    def test_optional_list_defaults(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKManifest

        m = APKManifest(
            activity_count=0,
            service_count=0,
            receiver_count=0,
            provider_count=0,
        )
        assert m.activities == []
        assert m.services == []
        assert m.receivers == []
        assert m.providers == []
        assert m.exported_components == []
        assert m.intent_filters_by_action == []
        assert m.intent_filters_by_category == []
        assert m.uses_features == []
        assert m.meta_data is None
        assert m.manifest_xml is None

    def test_fully_populated(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKManifest

        m = APKManifest(
            activity_count=2,
            service_count=1,
            receiver_count=1,
            provider_count=0,
            activities=["MainActivity", "SettingsActivity"],
            services=["SyncService"],
            receivers=["BootReceiver"],
            providers=[],
            exported_components=["MainActivity", "BootReceiver"],
            intent_filters_by_action=["android.intent.action.MAIN"],
            uses_features=["android.hardware.camera"],
            manifest_xml="<manifest>...</manifest>",
        )
        assert len(m.activities) == 2
        assert len(m.exported_components) == 2
        assert m.manifest_xml is not None


# ============================================================================
# APKPermission / APKPermissions
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKPermissionDataclass:

    def test_creation(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKPermission

        p = APKPermission(
            permission_name="android.permission.CAMERA",
            protection_level="dangerous",
        )
        assert p.permission_name == "android.permission.CAMERA"
        assert p.protection_level == "dangerous"
        assert p.is_custom is False

    def test_custom_permission(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKPermission

        p = APKPermission(
            permission_name="com.example.CUSTOM_PERM",
            protection_level="signature",
            is_custom=True,
        )
        assert p.is_custom is True


class TestAPKPermissionsDataclass:

    def test_required_fields(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKPermissions

        p = APKPermissions(
            total_permission_count=10,
            dangerous_permission_count=3,
        )
        assert p.total_permission_count == 10
        assert p.dangerous_permission_count == 3

    def test_defaults(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKPermissions

        p = APKPermissions(
            total_permission_count=0,
            dangerous_permission_count=0,
        )
        assert p.permissions == []
        assert p.dangerous_permissions == []
        assert p.custom_permissions == []
        assert p.permission_details == []
        assert p.permhash is None

    def test_with_permission_details(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKPermission, APKPermissions

        details = [
            APKPermission("android.permission.INTERNET", "normal"),
            APKPermission("android.permission.CAMERA", "dangerous"),
        ]
        p = APKPermissions(
            total_permission_count=2,
            dangerous_permission_count=1,
            permissions=["android.permission.INTERNET", "android.permission.CAMERA"],
            dangerous_permissions=["android.permission.CAMERA"],
            permission_details=details,
            permhash="abc123def456",
        )
        assert len(p.permission_details) == 2
        assert p.permhash == "abc123def456"


# ============================================================================
# APKCertificate / APKCodeSigningInfo
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKCertificateDataclass:

    def test_required_fields(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKCertificate

        c = APKCertificate(
            subject="CN=Android Debug",
            issuer="CN=Android Debug",
            serial_number="1234567890",
            valid_from="2024-01-01",
            valid_to="2054-01-01",
            thumbprint_sha1="aabbccdd" * 5,
            thumbprint_sha256="aabbccdd" * 8,
        )
        assert c.subject == "CN=Android Debug"
        assert c.issuer == "CN=Android Debug"
        assert c.is_self_signed is False

    def test_optional_fields(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKCertificate

        c = APKCertificate(
            subject="CN=Test",
            issuer="CN=CA",
            serial_number="1",
            valid_from="2024-01-01",
            valid_to="2025-01-01",
            thumbprint_sha1="aa" * 20,
            thumbprint_sha256="bb" * 32,
            algorithm="SHA256withRSA",
            key_size=2048,
            is_self_signed=True,
        )
        assert c.algorithm == "SHA256withRSA"
        assert c.key_size == 2048
        assert c.is_self_signed is True


class TestAPKCodeSigningInfoDataclass:

    def test_required_fields(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKCodeSigningInfo

        info = APKCodeSigningInfo(
            _id="abcdef1234567890" * 4,
            is_signed=True,
        )
        assert info.is_signed is True
        assert info.signature_scheme_versions == []
        assert info.number_of_certificates == 0
        assert info.x509_certificates is None
        assert info.apk_signer_subject is None
        assert info.apk_signer_issuer is None

    def test_fully_populated(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKCertificate, APKCodeSigningInfo

        cert = APKCertificate(
            subject="CN=Test",
            issuer="CN=Test",
            serial_number="1",
            valid_from="2024-01-01",
            valid_to="2025-01-01",
            thumbprint_sha1="aa" * 20,
            thumbprint_sha256="bb" * 32,
        )
        info = APKCodeSigningInfo(
            _id="cc" * 32,
            is_signed=True,
            signature_scheme_versions=[1, 2, 3],
            number_of_certificates=1,
            x509_certificates=[cert],
            apk_signer_subject="CN=Test",
            apk_signer_issuer="CN=Test",
        )
        assert len(info.signature_scheme_versions) == 3
        assert info.number_of_certificates == 1
        assert len(info.x509_certificates) == 1


# ============================================================================
# APKDexFile
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKDexFileDataclass:

    def test_required_fields(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKDexFile

        d = APKDexFile(
            filename="classes.dex",
            sha256="aa" * 32,
            class_count=100,
            method_count=500,
            string_count=1000,
        )
        assert d.filename == "classes.dex"
        assert d.class_count == 100
        assert d.method_count == 500
        assert d.string_count == 1000

    def test_optional_fields_defaults(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKDexFile

        d = APKDexFile(
            filename="classes2.dex",
            sha256="bb" * 32,
            class_count=0,
            method_count=0,
            string_count=0,
        )
        assert d.tlsh is None
        assert d.top_packages is None
        assert d.api_usage is None
        assert d.obfuscation_indicators is None

    def test_tlsh_populated(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKDexFile

        tlsh_value = "T1" + "A" * 68
        d = APKDexFile(
            filename="classes.dex",
            sha256="aa" * 32,
            class_count=100,
            method_count=500,
            string_count=1000,
            tlsh=tlsh_value,
        )
        assert d.tlsh == tlsh_value

    def test_with_api_usage(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKDexFile

        d = APKDexFile(
            filename="classes.dex",
            sha256="cc" * 32,
            class_count=50,
            method_count=200,
            string_count=300,
            top_packages=[{"name": "com.example", "class_count": 30}],
            api_usage={
                "crypto": ["Ljavax/crypto/Cipher;->getInstance"],
                "reflection": ["Ljava/lang/Class;->forName"],
            },
            obfuscation_indicators={"short_class_names_ratio": 0.8, "single_char_methods_ratio": 0.5},
        )
        assert len(d.api_usage) == 2
        assert d.obfuscation_indicators["short_class_names_ratio"] == 0.8


# ============================================================================
# APKResource
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKResourceDataclass:

    def test_creation(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKResource

        r = APKResource(
            path="res/drawable/icon.png",
            size=1024,
            sha256="dd" * 32,
            filetype_magika="png",
        )
        assert r.path == "res/drawable/icon.png"
        assert r.size == 1024
        assert r.is_suspicious is False

    def test_suspicious_resource(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKResource

        r = APKResource(
            path="assets/payload.dex",
            size=50000,
            sha256="ee" * 32,
            filetype_magika="dex",
            is_suspicious=True,
        )
        assert r.is_suspicious is True


# ============================================================================
# APKNativeLib
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKNativeLibDataclass:

    def test_creation(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKNativeLib

        lib = APKNativeLib(
            abi="arm64-v8a",
            filename="libnative.so",
            size=200000,
            sha256="ff" * 32,
        )
        assert lib.abi == "arm64-v8a"
        assert lib.filename == "libnative.so"
        assert lib.is_known_packer is False

    def test_known_packer(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKNativeLib

        lib = APKNativeLib(
            abi="armeabi-v7a",
            filename="libjiagu.so",
            size=100000,
            sha256="aa" * 32,
            is_known_packer=True,
        )
        assert lib.is_known_packer is True


# ============================================================================
# APKInconsistencyTests
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKInconsistencyTestsDataclass:

    def test_all_defaults_none(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKInconsistencyTests

        t = APKInconsistencyTests()
        assert t.test_zip_bomb is None
        assert t.test_zip_duplicate_entries is None
        assert t.test_zip_path_traversal is None
        assert t.test_zip_suspicious_timestamps is None
        assert t.test_hidden_dex_files is None
        assert t.test_manifest_component_mismatch is None
        assert t.test_debuggable_release is None
        assert t.test_emulator_detection_strings is None
        assert t.test_debugger_detection is None
        assert t.test_root_detection is None

    def test_all_fields_populated(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKInconsistencyTests

        t = APKInconsistencyTests(
            test_zip_bomb=True,
            test_zip_duplicate_entries=False,
            test_zip_path_traversal=True,
            test_zip_suspicious_timestamps=False,
            test_hidden_dex_files=True,
            test_manifest_component_mismatch=False,
            test_debuggable_release=True,
            test_emulator_detection_strings=True,
            test_debugger_detection=False,
            test_root_detection=True,
        )
        assert t.test_zip_bomb is True
        assert t.test_debuggable_release is True
        # Count true values
        d = asdict(t)
        true_count = sum(1 for v in d.values() if v is True)
        assert true_count == 6

    def test_field_count(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import APKInconsistencyTests

        # Exactly 10 inconsistency tests per PDD specification
        assert len(fields(APKInconsistencyTests)) == 10


# ============================================================================
# Hashes dataclass — APK permhash field
# ============================================================================

class TestHashesAPKField:

    def test_permhash_default_none(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import Hashes

        h = Hashes(md5="a", sha1="b", sha256="c", ssdeep_hash="d", tlsh_hash="e")
        assert h.permhash is None

    def test_permhash_populated(self):
        from redb.models.dataclasses import Hashes

        h = Hashes(
            md5="a", sha1="b", sha256="c", ssdeep_hash="d", tlsh_hash="e",
            permhash="abc123" * 10 + "abcd",
        )
        assert h.permhash is not None
        assert len(h.permhash) == 64


# ============================================================================
# Tag enum — APK entries
# ============================================================================

class TestAPKTagEnum:

    def test_all_apk_tags_exist(self):
        from redb.extractors.enum import Tag

        expected_tags = [
            "APK_FEATURES", "APK_MANIFEST", "APK_PERMISSIONS", "APK_SIGNATURE",
            "APK_DEX", "APK_RESOURCES", "APK_NATIVE_LIBS", "APK_INCONSISTENCY_TESTS",
        ]
        for name in expected_tags:
            assert hasattr(Tag, name), f"Tag.{name} missing"

    def test_apk_tag_values(self):
        from redb.extractors.enum import Tag

        assert Tag.APK_FEATURES.value == "apk_features"
        assert Tag.APK_MANIFEST.value == "apk_manifest"
        assert Tag.APK_PERMISSIONS.value == "apk_permissions"
        assert Tag.APK_SIGNATURE.value == "apk_signature"
        assert Tag.APK_DEX.value == "apk_dex"
        assert Tag.APK_RESOURCES.value == "apk_resources"
        assert Tag.APK_NATIVE_LIBS.value == "apk_native_libs"
        assert Tag.APK_INCONSISTENCY_TESTS.value == "apk_inconsistency_tests"